Short term effects of ambient sulphur dioxide and particulate matter on mortality in 12 European cities : results from time series data from the APHEA project
Katsouyanni, K. (University of Athens Medical School (Atenes, Grècia))
Touloumi, G. (University of Athens Medical School (Atenes, Grècia))
Spix, C. (Institut für Epidemiologie (Neuherberg, Alemanya))
Schwartz, J. (Harvard School of Public Health (Boston, Estats Units d'Amèrica))
Baladucci, F. (Université de Grenoble. Faculté de Medicine (França))
Medina, S. (Observatoire Regional de la Santé (Paris, França))
Rossi, G. (National Research Council. Institute of Clinical Physiology (Pisa, Itàlia))
Wojtyniak, B. (National Institute of Hygiene (Varsòvia, Polònia))
Sunyer Deu, Jordi (Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (Barcelona, Catalunya))
Bacharova, L. (National Centre for Health Promotion (Bratislava, Eslovàquia))
Schouten, J. P. (University of Groningen. Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Països Baixos))
Ponka, A. (Helsinki City Centre of the Environment (Helsinki, Finlàndia))
Anderson, H. R. (St George's Hospital Medical School (Londres, Regne Unit))

Date: 1997
Abstract: Objectives: To carry out a prospective combined quantitative analysis of the associations between all cause mortality and ambient particulate matter and sulphur dioxide. Design: Analysis of time series data on daily number of deaths from all causes and concentrations of sulphur dioxide and particulate matter (measured as black smoke or particles smaller than 10 ìm in diameter (PM10)) and potential confounders. Setting: 12 European cities in the APHEA project (Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach). Main outcome measure: Relative risk of death. Results:In western European cities it was found that an increase of 50 ìg/m3 in sulphur dioxide or black smoke was associated with a 3% (95% confidence interval 2% to 4%) increase in daily mortality and the corresponding figure for PM10 was 2% (1% to 3%). In central eastern European cities the increase in mortality associated with a 50 ìg/m3 change in sulphur dioxide was 0. 8% (−0. 1% to 2. 4%) and in black smoke 0. 6% (0. 1% to 1. 1%). Cumulative effects of prolonged (two to four days) exposure to air pollutants resulted in estimates comparable with the one day effects. The effects of both pollutants were stronger during the summer and were mutually independent. Conclusions:The internal consistency of the results in western European cities with wide differences in climate and environmental conditions suggest that these associations may be causal. The long term health impact of these effects is uncertain, but today's relatively low levels of sulphur dioxide and particles still have detectable short term effects on health and further reductions in air pollution are advisable.
Rights: Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. Creative Commons
Language: Anglès
Document: Article ; Versió publicada
Published in: BMJ : British Medical Journal, Vol. 314 (1997) , p. 1658-1663, ISSN 0959-8138



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