Web of Science: 148 cites, Scopus: 182 cites, Google Scholar: cites,
Oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines contribute to demyelination and axonal damage in a cerebellar culture model of neuroinflammation
di Penta, Alessandra (Universidad del País Vasco. Neurogenomiks)
Moreno, Beatriz (Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona)
Reix, Stéphanie (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron. Institut de Recerca)
Fernández Díez, Begoña (Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona)
Villanueva, Maite (Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona)
Errea, Oihana (Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona)
Escala, Nagore (Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona)
Vandenbroeck, Koen (IKERBASQUE (Bilbao, Espanya))
Comella i Carnicé, Joan Xavier, 1963- (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron. Institut de Recerca)
Villoslada, Pablo (Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona)

Data: 2013
Resum: Background: Demyelination and axonal damage are critical processes in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines elicited by inflammation mediates tissue damage. Methods/Principal Findings: To monitor the demyelination and axonal injury associated with microglia activation we employed a model using cerebellar organotypic cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Microglia activated by LPS released pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα), and increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This activation was associated with demyelination and axonal damage in cerebellar cultures. Axonal damage, as revealed by the presence of non-phosphorylated neurofilaments, mitochondrial accumulation in axonal spheroids, and axonal transection, was associated with stronger iNOS expression and concomitant increases in ROS. Moreover, we analyzed the contribution of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in demyelination and axonal degeneration using the iNOS inhibitor ethyl pyruvate, a free-scavenger and xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol, as well as via blockage of pro-inflammatory cytokines using a Fc-TNFR1 construct. We found that blocking microglia activation with ethyl pyruvate or allopurinol significantly decreased axonal damage, and to a lesser extent, demyelination. Blocking TNFα significantly decreased demyelination but did not prevented axonal damage. Moreover, the most common therapy for MS, interferon-beta, was used as an example of an immunomodulator compound that can be tested in this model. In vitro, interferon-beta treatment decreased oxidative stress (iNOS and ROS levels) and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines after LPS stimulation, reducing axonal damage. Conclusion: The model of neuroinflammation using cerebellar culture stimulated with endotoxin mimicked myelin and axonal damage mediated by the combination of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This model may both facilitate understanding of the events involved in neuroinflammation and aid in the development of neuroprotective therapies for the treatment of MS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Drets: Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. Creative Commons
Llengua: Anglès
Document: Article ; Versió publicada
Matèria: Microglial cells ; Enzyme-linked immunoassays ; Multiple sclerosis ; Cytokines ; Oxidative damage ; Brain damage
Publicat a: PloS one, Vol. 8, Issue 2 (February 2013) , p. e54722, ISSN 1932-6203

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054722
PMID: 23431360


13 p, 5.3 MB

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