0d2171572c9665dc58c746f15a72a313  analisi_a2021n64p49.pdf
a3da19de0af312ead9817f3173e4717d3c07fe08  analisi_a2021n64p49.pdf
2a469590935e498be8bcaca4710f702ffb02c5302f6bef16ecf8b94f820a264e  analisi_a2021n64p49.pdf

Title:          Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020
Keywords:       disinformation; social networks; otherness; racism; xenophobia; Islamophobia
Author:         José Gamir-Ríos
Creator:        Adobe InDesign CS6 (Windows)
Producer:       Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1
CreationDate:   Mon Jun 28 08:46:47 2021 CEST
ModDate:        Tue Jun 29 10:43:34 2021 CEST
Tagged:         no
UserProperties: no
Suspects:       no
Form:           none
JavaScript:     no
Pages:          16
Encrypted:      no
Page size:      453.543 x 651.969 pts
Page rot:       0
File size:      219046 bytes
Optimized:      no
PDF version:    1.6


name                                 type              encoding         emb sub uni object ID
------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- ---------
ZDANXP+AGaramondPro-Regular          Type 1C           WinAnsi          yes yes yes    181  0
CIIVNJ+AGaramondPro-Semibold         Type 1C           WinAnsi          yes yes yes    182  0
OVIKZL+AGaramondPro-Italic           Type 1C           WinAnsi          yes yes yes    193  0
XWQHVT+SymbolMT                      CID TrueType      Identity-H       yes yes yes    105  0
FNQIDD+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Bd         Type 1C           WinAnsi          yes yes yes    106  0
XBUMVT+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Roman      Type 1C           Custom           yes yes yes    104  0
ZMRTXP+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Md         Type 1C           WinAnsi          yes yes yes    110  0


Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17)
 Date: 2021-07-07 02:41:16 CEST
 RepresentationInformation: analisi_a2021n64p49.pdf
  ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17)
  LastModified: 2021-07-06 10:37:12 CEST
  Size: 219046
  Format: PDF
  Version: 1.6
  Status: Well-Formed and valid
  SignatureMatches:
   PDF-hul
  MIMEtype: application/pdf
  PDFMetadata: 
   Objects: 213
   FreeObjects: 4
   IncrementalUpdates: 4
   DocumentCatalog: 
    ViewerPreferences: 
     HideToolbar: false
     HideMenubar: false
     HideWindowUI: false
     FitWindow: false
     CenterWindow: false
     DisplayDocTitle: false
     NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone
     Direction: L2R
     ViewArea: CropBox
     ViewClip: CropBox
     PrintArea: CropBox
     PageClip: CropBox
    PageLayout: OneColumn
    PageMode: UseOutlines
    Outlines: 
     Item: 
      Title: Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Abstract
       Item: 
        Title: Keywords: disinformation; social networks; otherness; racism; xenophobia; Islamophobia
       Item: 
        Title: 1. Introduction
       Item: 
        Title: 2. Multimodal cheapfakes
       Item: 
        Title: 3. Method
        Children: 
         Item: 
          Title: 3.1. Corpus
         Item: 
          Title: 3.2. Analysis variables
       Item: 
        Title: 4. Results
        Children: 
         Item: 
          Title: 4.1. Format of the fake news pieces
         Item: 
          Title: 4.2. Fake news sources and types
         Item: 
          Title: 4.3. Characteristics and frequency of the fake news pieces
         Item: 
          Title: 4.4. Format of the images
         Item: 
          Title: 4.5. Content and elements of manipulation of the photographs
         Item: 
          Title: 4.6. Content and truth of the screenshots
       Item: 
        Title: 5. Discussion and conclusions
       Item: 
        Title: Bibliographical references
   Info: 
    Title: Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020
    Author: José Gamir-Ríos
    Keywords: disinformation; social networks; otherness; racism; xenophobia; Islamophobia
    Creator: Adobe InDesign CS6 (Windows)
    Producer: Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1
    CreationDate: Mon Jun 28 08:46:47 CEST 2021
    ModDate: Tue Jun 29 10:43:34 CEST 2021
   ID: 0x2ef483cc7fc71547a293ef7f8eba996c, 0x59426256b1904045a9e294105d46be3c
   Filters: 
    FilterPipeline: FlateDecode
   Fonts: 
    Type0: 
     Font: 
      BaseFont: XWQHVT+SymbolMT
      Encoding: Identity-H
      ToUnicode: true
    Type1: 
     Font: 
      BaseFont: OVIKZL+AGaramondPro-Italic
      FontSubset: true
      FirstChar: 32
      LastChar: 243
      FontDescriptor: 
       FontName: OVIKZL+AGaramondPro-Italic
       Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic, Italic
       FontBBox: -182, -338, 1668, 917
       FontFile3: true
      Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding
      ToUnicode: true
     Font: 
      BaseFont: ZDANXP+AGaramondPro-Regular
      FontSubset: true
      FirstChar: 32
      LastChar: 250
      FontDescriptor: 
       FontName: ZDANXP+AGaramondPro-Regular
       Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic
       FontBBox: -183, -354, 1354, 917
       FontFile3: true
      Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding
      ToUnicode: true
     Font: 
      BaseFont: CIIVNJ+AGaramondPro-Semibold
      FontSubset: true
      FirstChar: 32
      LastChar: 121
      FontDescriptor: 
       FontName: CIIVNJ+AGaramondPro-Semibold
       Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic
       FontBBox: -177, -282, 1123, 893
       FontFile3: true
      Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding
      ToUnicode: true
     Font: 
      BaseFont: XBUMVT+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Roman
      FontSubset: true
      FirstChar: 30
      LastChar: 146
      FontDescriptor: 
       FontName: XBUMVT+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Roman
       Flags: Nonsymbolic
       FontBBox: -166, -214, 1076, 952
       FontFile3: true
      EncodingDictionary: 
       BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding
       Differences: true
      ToUnicode: true
     Font: 
      BaseFont: FNQIDD+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Bd
      FontSubset: true
      FirstChar: 32
      LastChar: 108
      FontDescriptor: 
       FontName: FNQIDD+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Bd
       Flags: Nonsymbolic
       FontBBox: -166, -218, 1078, 975
       FontFile3: true
      Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding
      ToUnicode: true
     Font: 
      BaseFont: ZMRTXP+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Md
      FontSubset: true
      FirstChar: 32
      LastChar: 121
      FontDescriptor: 
       FontName: ZMRTXP+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Md
       Flags: Nonsymbolic
       FontBBox: -165, -221, 1066, 952
       FontFile3: true
      Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding
      ToUnicode: true
    CIDFontType2: 
     Font: 
      BaseFont: XWQHVT+SymbolMT
      CIDSystemInfo: 
       Registry: Adobe
       Registry: Identity
       Supplement: 0
      FontDescriptor: 
       FontName: XWQHVT+SymbolMT
       Flags: Symbolic
       FontBBox: 0, -220, 1113, 1005
       FontFile2: true
   XMP: <x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/" x:xmptk="Adobe XMP Core 5.2-c001 63.139439, 2010/09/27-13:37:26        ">
   <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about=""
            xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
         <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
         <dc:title>
            <rdf:Alt>
               <rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020</rdf:li>
            </rdf:Alt>
         </dc:title>
         <dc:creator>
            <rdf:Seq>
               <rdf:li>José Gamir-Ríos</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Raquel Tarullo</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Miguel Ibáñez-Cuquerella</rdf:li>
            </rdf:Seq>
         </dc:creator>
         <dc:subject>
            <rdf:Bag>
               <rdf:li>disinformation</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>social networks</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>otherness</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>racism</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>xenophobia</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Islamophobia</rdf:li>
            </rdf:Bag>
         </dc:subject>
      </rdf:Description>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about=""
            xmlns:xmp="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/">
         <xmp:CreateDate>2021-06-28T08:46:47+02:00</xmp:CreateDate>
         <xmp:MetadataDate>2021-06-29T10:43:34+02:00</xmp:MetadataDate>
         <xmp:ModifyDate>2021-06-29T10:43:34+02:00</xmp:ModifyDate>
         <xmp:CreatorTool>Adobe InDesign CS6 (Windows)</xmp:CreatorTool>
      </rdf:Description>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about=""
            xmlns:xmpMM="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/mm/"
            xmlns:stRef="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceRef#"
            xmlns:stEvt="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceEvent#">
         <xmpMM:InstanceID>uuid:df77a50c-ff8c-4977-a7cd-2b908f4da528</xmpMM:InstanceID>
         <xmpMM:OriginalDocumentID>xmp.did:F4EF58D5DC3BE7118630B9BBABFF149B</xmpMM:OriginalDocumentID>
         <xmpMM:DocumentID>xmp.id:65836BFBDAD7EB11BD52B85C49915E49</xmpMM:DocumentID>
         <xmpMM:RenditionClass>proof:pdf</xmpMM:RenditionClass>
         <xmpMM:DerivedFrom rdf:parseType="Resource">
            <stRef:instanceID>xmp.iid:CF455826DAD7EB11BD52B85C49915E49</stRef:instanceID>
            <stRef:documentID>xmp.did:248C5158E13DEB1180058CDD5FBEB3D9</stRef:documentID>
            <stRef:originalDocumentID>xmp.did:F4EF58D5DC3BE7118630B9BBABFF149B</stRef:originalDocumentID>
            <stRef:renditionClass>default</stRef:renditionClass>
         </xmpMM:DerivedFrom>
         <xmpMM:History>
            <rdf:Seq>
               <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <stEvt:action>converted</stEvt:action>
                  <stEvt:parameters>from application/x-indesign to application/pdf</stEvt:parameters>
                  <stEvt:softwareAgent>Adobe InDesign CS6 (Windows)</stEvt:softwareAgent>
                  <stEvt:changed>/</stEvt:changed>
                  <stEvt:when>2021-06-28T08:46:47+02:00</stEvt:when>
               </rdf:li>
            </rdf:Seq>
         </xmpMM:History>
      </rdf:Description>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about=""
            xmlns:pdf="http://ns.adobe.com/pdf/1.3/">
         <pdf:Producer>Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1</pdf:Producer>
         <pdf:Trapped>False</pdf:Trapped>
         <pdf:Keywords>disinformation; social networks; otherness; racism; xenophobia; Islamophobia</pdf:Keywords>
      </rdf:Description>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about=""
            xmlns:ExtensisFontSense="http://www.extensis.com/meta/FontSense/">
         <ExtensisFontSense:slug>
            <rdf:Bag>
               <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>OpenType - PS</ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Family>Adobe Garamond Pro</ExtensisFontSense:Family>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>0</ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>Adobe Systems</ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Version>2.111</ExtensisFontSense:Version>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>0</ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>2882490390</ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>2882490390</ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>AGaramondPro-Regular</ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>
               </rdf:li>
               <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>OpenType - PS</ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Family>Adobe Garamond Pro</ExtensisFontSense:Family>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>0</ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>Adobe Systems</ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Version>2.111</ExtensisFontSense:Version>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>0</ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>2795467003</ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>2795467003</ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>AGaramondPro-Italic</ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>
               </rdf:li>
               <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>OpenType - PS</ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Family>Adobe Garamond Pro</ExtensisFontSense:Family>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>0</ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>Adobe Systems</ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Version>1.007</ExtensisFontSense:Version>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>0</ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>284370154</ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>284370154</ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>AGaramondPro-Semibold</ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>
               </rdf:li>
               <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>OpenType - PS</ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Family>Helvetica Neue LT Std</ExtensisFontSense:Family>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>0</ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>Adobe Systems</ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Version>1.047</ExtensisFontSense:Version>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>0</ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>336045049</ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>336045049</ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>HelveticaNeueLTStd-Roman</ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>
               </rdf:li>
               <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>OpenType - PS</ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Family>Helvetica Neue LT Std</ExtensisFontSense:Family>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>0</ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>Adobe Systems</ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Version>1.029</ExtensisFontSense:Version>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>0</ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>1005916113</ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>1005916113</ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>HelveticaNeueLTStd-Bd</ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>
               </rdf:li>
               <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>OpenType - PS</ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Family>Helvetica Neue LT Std</ExtensisFontSense:Family>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>0</ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>Adobe Systems</ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Version>1.029</ExtensisFontSense:Version>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>0</ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>2394442911</ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>2394442911</ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>HelveticaNeueLTStd-It</ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>
               </rdf:li>
               <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>OpenType - PS</ExtensisFontSense:FontKind>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Family>Helvetica Neue LT Std</ExtensisFontSense:Family>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>0</ExtensisFontSense:OutlineFileSize>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>Adobe Systems</ExtensisFontSense:Foundry>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Version>1.029</ExtensisFontSense:Version>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>0</ExtensisFontSense:KerningChecksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>3873330977</ExtensisFontSense:FontSense_1.2_Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>3873330977</ExtensisFontSense:Checksum>
                  <ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>HelveticaNeueLTStd-Md</ExtensisFontSense:PostScriptName>
               </rdf:li>
            </rdf:Bag>
         </ExtensisFontSense:slug>
      </rdf:Description>
   </rdf:RDF>
</x:xmpmeta>
   Pages: 
    Page: 
     Label: 49
     Sequence: 1
     Annotations: 
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 63, 487, 123, 475
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 63, 445, 151, 434
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 63, 403, 193, 392
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 61, 369, 97, 350
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 140, 283, 281, 272
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 50
     Sequence: 2
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 51
     Sequence: 3
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 52
     Sequence: 4
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 53
     Sequence: 5
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 54
     Sequence: 6
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 55
     Sequence: 7
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 56
     Sequence: 8
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 57
     Sequence: 9
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 58
     Sequence: 10
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 59
     Sequence: 11
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 60
     Sequence: 12
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 61
     Sequence: 13
     Annotations: 
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 193, 253, 180
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 161, 256, 149
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 119, 241, 106
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 77, 278, 64
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 62
     Sequence: 14
     Annotations: 
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 550, 278, 538
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 508, 246, 495
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 476, 278, 464
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 424, 248, 411
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 329, 281, 316
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 255, 257, 242
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 63
     Sequence: 15
     Annotations: 
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 540, 255, 527
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 487, 226, 474
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 445, 278, 432
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 227, 413, 364, 400
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 194, 350, 330, 337
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 318, 304, 305
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 191, 241, 179
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 294, 128, 389, 115
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 76, 117, 389, 105
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 76, 107, 170, 94
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 75, 276, 62
     Thumb: true
    Page: 
     Label: 64
     Sequence: 16
     Annotations: 
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 519, 229, 506
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 445, 278, 432
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 413, 261, 400
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 360, 249, 347
      Annotation: 
       Subtype: Link
       Rect: 81, 286, 256, 274
     Thumb: true
  Checksum: 0eebde8c
   Type: CRC32
  Checksum: 0d2171572c9665dc58c746f15a72a313
   Type: MD5
  Checksum: a3da19de0af312ead9817f3173e4717d3c07fe08
   Type: SHA-1