eeb0e5f0dc6522cf7db02e7e71417a46 viruses_a2014v6p5145.pdf 36828e881942b9620720a3824ae01e11f0e66465 viruses_a2014v6p5145.pdf 85a959cb608001817bbf1a43e4db3a30954d959be25378203952482cd60fb052 viruses_a2014v6p5145.pdf Title: Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions Subject: We review the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and the diagnosis and pathogenesis of associated disease, with six different strains detected in cetaceans worldwide. CeMV has caused epidemics with high mortality in odontocetes in Europe, the USA and Australia. It represents a distinct species within the Morbillivirus genus. Although most CeMV strains are phylogenetically closely related, recent data indicate that morbilliviruses recovered from Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), from Western Australia, and a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), from Brazil, are divergent. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) cell receptor for CeMV has been characterized in cetaceans. It shares higher amino acid identity with the ruminant SLAM than with the receptors of carnivores or humans, reflecting the evolutionary history of these mammalian taxa. In Delphinidae, three amino acid substitutions may result in a higher affinity for the virus. Infection is diagnosed by histology, immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, RT-PCR, and serology. Classical CeMV-associated lesions include bronchointerstitial pneumonia, encephalitis, syncytia, and lymphoid depletion associated with immunosuppression. Cetaceans that survive the acute disease may develop fatal secondary infections and chronic encephalitis. Endemically infected, gregarious odontocetes probably serve as reservoirs and vectors. Transmission likely occurs through the inhalation of aerosolized virus but mother to fetus transmission was also reported. Keywords: ywords: cetacean morbillivirus; epidemics; mass stranding; SLAM; phylogeny; pathogenesis; diagnosis; endemic infections Author: Marie-Françoise Van Bressem 1,*, Pádraig J. Duignan 2, Ashley Banyard 3 Michelle Barbieri 4, Kathleen M Colegrove 5, Sylvain De Guise 6, Giovanni Di Guardo 7, Andrew Dobson 8, Mariano Domingo 9, Deborah Fauquier 10, Antonio Fernandez 11, Tracey Goldstein 12, Bryan Grenfell 8,13, Kátia R. Groch 14,15, Frances Gulland 4,16, Brenda A Jensen 17, Paul D Jepson 18, Ailsa Hall 19, Thijs Kuiken 20, Sandro Mazzariol 21, Sinead E Morris 8, Ole Nielsen 22, Juan A Raga 23, Teresa K Rowles 10, Jeremy Saliki 24, Eva Sierra 11, Nahiid Stephens 25, Brett Stone 26, Ikuko Tomo 27, Jianning Wang 28, Thomas Waltzek 29 and James FX Wellehan 30 Creator: Microsoft® Word 2013 Producer: Microsoft® Word 2013 CreationDate: Tue Dec 23 08:50:06 2014 ModDate: Tue Feb 16 12:17:42 2016 Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 37 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.32 x 841.92 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1690498 bytes Optimized: yes PDF version: 1.6 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ABCDEE+Times New Roman,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 8567 0 ABCDEE+Times New Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 8570 0 ABCDEE+Times New Roman,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 8573 0 ABCDEE+Times New Roman,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 8576 0 ABCDEE+Times New Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 180 0 ABCDEE+Times TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 183 0 ABCDEE+Times New Roman,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 188 0 ABCDEE+Arial TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 192 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.6, 2011-01-04) Date: 2016-02-18 07:19:54 CET RepresentationInformation: viruses_a2014v6p5145.pdf ReportingModule: BYTESTREAM, Rel. 1.3 (2007-04-10) LastModified: 2016-02-16 16:54:53 CET Size: 1690498 Format: bytestream Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/octet-stream Checksum: 3aec52a8 Type: CRC32 Checksum: eeb0e5f0dc6522cf7db02e7e71417a46 Type: MD5 Checksum: 36828e881942b9620720a3824ae01e11f0e66465 Type: SHA-1