2068e526fe8b1450f3fd63365296e284 remsen_a2014m3v6n3p2408-2434.pdf 7db2ca3f9788a043d641d0ae0f99dd6b41c57d44 remsen_a2014m3v6n3p2408-2434.pdf a40c92e8b3aebf0e0efb1f42279196437ab03e46358fef9970b4e8d48e90dda2 remsen_a2014m3v6n3p2408-2434.pdf Title: Local Vegetation Trends in the Sahel of Mali and SenegalUsing Long Time Series FAPAR Satellite Products and Field Measurement (1982–2010) Subject: Local vegetation trends in the Sahel of Mali and Senegal from Geoland Version 1 (GEOV1) (5 km) and the third generation Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS3g) (8 km) Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) time series are studied over 29 years. For validation and interpretation of observed greenness trends, two methods are applied: (1) a qualitative approach using in-depth knowledge of the study areas and (2) a quantitative approach by time series of biomass observations and rainfall data. Significant greening trends from 1982 to 2010 are consistently observed in both GEOV1 and GIMMS3g FAPAR datasets. Annual rainfall increased significantly during the observed time period, explaining large parts of FAPAR variations at a regional scale. Locally, GEOV1 data reveals a heterogeneous pattern of vegetation change, which is confirmed by long-term ground data and site visits. The spatial variability in the observed vegetation trends in the Sahel area are mainly caused by varying tree- and land-cover, which are controlled by human impact, soil and drought resilience. A large proportion of the positive trends are caused by the increment in leaf biomass of woody species that has almost doubled since the 1980s due to a tree cover regeneration after a dry-period. This confirms the re-greening of the Sahel, however, degradation is also present and sometimes obscured by greening. GEOV1 as compared to GIMMS3g made it possible to better characterize the spatial pattern of trends and identify the degraded areas in the study region. Keywords: land degradation; greening; drought; Sahel; FAPAR time series; GIMMS3g; Geoland; biomass observations; Senegal; Mali Author: Martin Brandt $^{1,}$*, Aleixandre Verger $^{2,4}$, Abdoul Aziz Diouf $^{3}$, Frunhbox voidb@x group let unhbox voidb@x setbox @tempboxa hbox {eglobal mathchardef accent@spacefactor spacefactor }accent 19 eegroup spacefactor accent@spacefactor dunhbox voidb@x group let unhbox voidb@x setbox @tempboxa hbox {eglobal mathchardef accent@spacefactor spacefactor }accent 19 eegroup spacefactor accent@spacefactor ric Baret $^{4}$ andprotect unhbox voidb@x penalty @M {}unhbox voidb@x hbox {Cyrus Samimi $^{1,5}$} Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.13 CreationDate: Mon Mar 24 11:04:11 2014 CET ModDate: Fri Jan 19 14:26:48 2018 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 27 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 6031229 bytes Optimized: yes PDF version: 1.6 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CYGRTR+CMBX8 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 680 0 RTKTVU+CMMIB8 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 683 0 JZKXYQ+CMR8 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 686 0 GGGRVJ+NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 690 0 TFQEEX+NimbusRomNo9L-Medi Type 1 Custom yes yes no 693 0 XTEKPT+NimbusRomNo9L-Regu Type 1 Custom yes yes no 696 0 HNUTGP+NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 699 0 BFJOJL+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 443 0 BAAAAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 222 0 BAAAAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 229 0 CAAAAA+Arial-BoldMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 231 0 QHWZWI+CMMI12 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 446 0 BAAAAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 272 0 BAAAAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 277 0 Helvetica Type 1 WinAnsi no no no 302 0 UGSFAT+NimbusSanL-Regu Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 306 0 UGSFAT+NimbusSanL-Regu Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 308 0 EAAAAA+DejaVuSans TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 310 0 FAAAAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 312 0 BAAAAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 320 0 Helvetica Type 1 WinAnsi no no no 324 0 CAAAAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 326 0 BAAAAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 377 0 Symbol Type 1 Symbol no no no 386 0 Helvetica Type 1 WinAnsi no no no 387 0 DAAAAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 389 0 BAAAAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 396 0 Symbol Type 1 Builtin yes no yes 398 0 Helvetica Type 1 WinAnsi no no no 399 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.6, 2011-01-04) Date: 2018-01-20 04:29:22 CET RepresentationInformation: remsen_a2014m3v6n3p2408-2434.pdf ReportingModule: BYTESTREAM, Rel. 1.3 (2007-04-10) LastModified: 2018-01-19 15:57:26 CET Size: 6031229 Format: bytestream Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/octet-stream Checksum: 757c8a8e Type: CRC32 Checksum: 2068e526fe8b1450f3fd63365296e284 Type: MD5 Checksum: 7db2ca3f9788a043d641d0ae0f99dd6b41c57d44 Type: SHA-1