084dfe702f44358f32ffb16442f2d191 pmc_25722727.pdf 58862b731e85885d6a853ea46966924cf50a09c6 pmc_25722727.pdf 9a6b405aabff85532e65f2edf13a4554f0b09b140b2885993ebd936bd298bb8f pmc_25722727.pdf Title: Subject: Obstetrics and Gynecology International Keywords: Author: Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: Acrobat Distiller 7.0 (Windows); modified using iTextSharp™ 5.4.0 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (AGPL-version) CreationDate: Sun Feb 1 07:24:17 2015 CET ModDate: Wed Feb 18 10:00:54 2015 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 5 Encrypted: no Page size: 600.05 x 792 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 502441 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.3 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MinionPro-It Type 1C Custom yes no yes 14 0 Minion-Black Type 1C WinAnsi yes no no 15 0 MinionPro-Regular Type 1C Custom yes no yes 16 0 ZANRTF+MinionPro-Regular CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 1 0 MinionMath-Regular Type 1C Custom yes no yes 40 0 MinionPro-Bold Type 1C Custom yes no yes 41 0 MinionMath-Capt Type 1C Custom yes no yes 53 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.6, 2011-01-04) Date: 2019-05-10 04:57:57 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_25722727.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.8 (2009-05-22) LastModified: 2018-01-31 06:17:46 CET Size: 502441 Format: PDF Version: 1.3 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 93 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Info: Title: Author: Subject: Obstetrics and Gynecology International Keywords: Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: Acrobat Distiller 7.0 (Windows); modified using iTextSharp™ 5.4.0 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (AGPL-version) CreationDate: Sun Feb 01 07:24:17 CET 2015 ModDate: Wed Feb 18 10:00:54 CET 2015 ID: 0xe03599db908051a9624294ee7f9b6344, 0x369b16cc73870ea99ec4a58768128545 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type0: Font: BaseFont: ZANRTF+MinionPro-Regular Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Type1: Font: BaseFont: MinionPro-Regular FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: MinionPro-Regular Flags: Serif, Symbolic FontBBox: -290, -360, 1684, 989 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: MinionMath-Capt FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: MinionMath-Capt Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 124, 53, 486, 470 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: MinionMath-Regular FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: MinionMath-Regular Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 74, -3, 512, 514 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: MinionPro-Bold FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: MinionPro-Bold Flags: Symbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -319, -360, 1684, 1024 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: MinionPro-It FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: MinionPro-It Flags: Serif, Symbolic, Italic FontBBox: -201, -360, 1684, 1002 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: Minion-Black FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: Minion-Black Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -133, -250, 1120, 827 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding CIDFontType2: Font: BaseFont: ZANRTF+MinionPro-Regular CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZANRTF+MinionPro-Regular Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -289, -360, 1684, 917 FontFile2: true XMP: application/pdfMode of Vaginal Delivery: A Modifiable Intrapartum Risk Factor for Obstetric Anal Sphincter InjurySimó González, MartaPorta Roda, OriolPerelló Capó, JosepGich Saladich, IgnasiCalaf Alsina, JoaquimThe aim of this study was to analyze the comparative risks of this anal sphincter injury in relation to the type of intervention in vaginal delivery. We performed an observational, retrospective study of all vaginal deliveries attended at a tertiary university hospital between January 2006 and December 2009. We analyzed the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury for each mode of vaginal delivery: spontaneous delivery, vacuum, Thierry spatulas, and forceps. We determined the proportional incidence between methods taking spontaneous delivery as the reference. Ninety-seven of 4526 (2.14%) women included in the study presented obstetric anal sphincter injury. Instrumental deliveries showed a significantly higher risk of anal sphincter injury (2.7 to 4.9%) than spontaneous deliveries (1.1%). The highest incidence was for Thierry spatulas (OR 4.804), followed by forceps (OR 4.089) and vacuum extraction (OR 2.509). The type of intervention in a vaginal delivery is a modifiable intrapartum risk factor for obstetric anal sphincter injury. Tearing can occur in any type of delivery but proportions vary significantly. All healthcare professionals attending childbirth should be aware of the risk for each type of intervention and consider these together with the obstetric factors in each case.Obstetrics and Gynecology InternationalHindawi Publishing Corporation2015/02/01Research articledoi:10.1155/2015/679470en Pages: Page: Label: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 50, 705, 171, 713 Page: Label: 2 Page: Label: 3 Page: Label: 4 Page: Label: 5 Checksum: b63beacd Type: CRC32 Checksum: 084dfe702f44358f32ffb16442f2d191 Type: MD5 Checksum: 58862b731e85885d6a853ea46966924cf50a09c6 Type: SHA-1