d8f673fa3509c4469bd1a3835de23f34 sustainability_a2016v8n5p449.pdf f2de445aac45938671872687302d1a4605fb724c sustainability_a2016v8n5p449.pdf 0873fa0f91bcabb014cdb0685f6b36e8127698e89c157334f051191dfc7bd887 sustainability_a2016v8n5p449.pdf Title: Are Local Food Chains More Sustainable than Global Food Chains? Considerations for Assessment Subject: This paper summarizes the main findings of the GLAMUR project which starts with an apparently simple question: is “local” more sustainable than “global”? Sustainability assessment is framed within a post-normal science perspective, advocating the integration of public deliberation and scientific research. The assessment spans 39 local, intermediate and global supply chain case studies across different commodities and countries. Assessment criteria cover environmental, economic, social, health and ethical sustainability dimensions. A closer view of the food system demonstrates a highly dynamic local–global continuum where actors, while adapting to a changing environment, establish multiple relations and animate several chain configurations. The evidence suggests caution when comparing “local” and “global” chains, especially when using the outcomes of the comparison in decision-making. Supply chains are analytical constructs that necessarily—and arbitrarily—are confined by system boundaries, isolating a set of elements from an interconnected whole. Even consolidated approaches, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), assess only a part of sustainability attributes, and the interpretation may be controversial. Many sustainability attributes are not yet measurable and “hard” methodologies need to be complemented by “soft” methodologies which are at least able to identify critical issues and trade-offs. Aware of these limitations, our research shows that comparing local and global chains, with the necessary caution, can help overcome a priori positions that so far have characterized the debate between “localists” and “globalists”. At firm level, comparison between “local” and “global” chains could be useful to identify best practices, benchmarks, critical points, and errors to avoid. As sustainability is not a status to achieve, but a never-ending process, comparison and deliberation can be the basis of a “reflexive governance” of food chains. Keywords: local; global; food supply chain; sustainability; assessment; reflexive governance; post-normal science Author: Gianluca Brunori, Francesca Galli, Dominique Barjolle, Rudolf van Broekhuizen, Luca Colombo, Mario Giampietro, James Kirwan, Tim Lang, Erik Mathijs, Damian Maye, Kees de Roest, Carin Rougoor, Jana Schwarz, Emilia Schmitt, Julie Smith, Zaklina Stojanovic, Talis Tisenkopfs and Jean-Marc Touzard Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.15 CreationDate: Fri May 6 17:11:15 2016 ModDate: Fri May 6 17:11:15 2016 Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 27 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1786009 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- BXKOHI+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 60 0 CETWDO+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 61 0 CWCEZC+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 62 0 IZBVAO+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 66 0 MOFLAD+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 161 0 MOFLIC+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 162 0 MOFLID+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 163 0 MOFLJD+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 164 0 MOFLJE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 165 0 KGDOLE+TeX-matha10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 196 0 MOFLAD+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 199 0 MOFPKO+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 200 0 MOFLGC+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 201 0 MOFLIC+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 202 0 MOFLID+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 203 0 MOFLJD+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 204 0 MOFLJE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 205 0 MOFPIM+PalatinoLinotype-BoldItalic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 206 0 MOFPIN+SymbolMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 207 0 MOFLAD+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 269 0 MOFPKO+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 270 0 MOFLIC+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 271 0 MOFLID+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 272 0 MOFLJD+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 273 0 MOFLJE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 274 0 MOFPIN+SymbolMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 275 0 MOFLAD+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 309 0 MOFLIC+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 310 0 MOFLID+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 311 0 MOFLJD+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 312 0 MOFLJE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 313 0 LTQZXI+TeX-matha7 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 495 0 java.lang.ClassCastException: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject cannot be cast to edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfDictionary at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.PdfModule.readDocCatalogDict(PdfModule.java:1284) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.PdfModule.parse(PdfModule.java:525) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.processFile(JhoveBase.java:825) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.process(JhoveBase.java:614) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.dispatch(JhoveBase.java:465) at Jhove.main(Jhove.java:296) Jhove (Rel. 1.6, 2011-01-04) Date: 2016-11-19 02:42:43 CET RepresentationInformation: sustainability_a2016v8n5p449.pdf ReportingModule: BYTESTREAM, Rel. 1.3 (2007-04-10) LastModified: 2016-11-14 11:39:24 CET Size: 1786009 Format: bytestream Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/octet-stream Checksum: 4b02ff0a Type: CRC32 Checksum: d8f673fa3509c4469bd1a3835de23f34 Type: MD5 Checksum: f2de445aac45938671872687302d1a4605fb724c Type: SHA-1