53532e8f8ea5c81efd97d08498a2803a pmc_26999132.pdf 774712fa7f87fb2f5fecc26764c8d1a17435e648 pmc_26999132.pdf 07b2dc51a952f2661366f6a6c30e71ba44feda0fa4a46aea2a3371a89c60169d pmc_26999132.pdf Title: Estimating the Underwater Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient with a Low-Cost Instrument: The KdUINO DIY Buoy Subject: A critical parameter to assess the environmental status of water bodies is the transparency of the water, as it is strongly affected by different water quality related components (such as the presence of phytoplankton, organic matter and sediment concentrations). One parameter to assess the water transparency is the diffuse attenuation coefficient. However, the number of subsurface irradiance measurements obtained with conventional instrumentation is relatively low, due to instrument costs and the logistic requirements to provide regular and autonomous observations. In recent years, the citizen science concept has increased the number of environmental observations, both in time and space. The recent technological advances in embedded systems and sensors also enable volunteers (citizens) to create their own devices (known as Do-It-Yourself or DIY technologies). In this paper, a DIY instrument to measure irradiance at different depths and automatically calculate the diffuse attenuation Kd coefficient is presented. The instrument, named KdUINO, is based on an encapsulated low-cost photonic sensor and Arduino (an open-hardware platform for the data acquisition). The whole instrument has been successfully operated and the data validated comparing the KdUINO measurements with the commercial instruments. Workshops have been organized with high school students to validate its feasibility. Keywords: Arduino; buoy; citizen science; do-it-yourself; KdUINO; light; low-cost sensor; oceanography; diffuse attenuation coefficient Author: Raul Bardaji, Albert-Miquel Sánchez, Carine Simon, Marcel R. 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EHGBDO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 631 0 EHGBNM+TimesNewRoman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 632 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-02-16 03:03:27 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_26999132.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2018-02-06 09:06:53 CET Size: 5094668 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 3 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: None Outlines: Item: Title: ぉのぴひはつふっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸲ Item: Title: いづびどでのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰きちのふてちっぴふひどのでぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひどのっどばぬづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはねばはのづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰うどひねぷちひづぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こはてぴぷちひづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰あふどぬつどのでぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぁぜ〴ぜ〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸴⸱ Children: Item: Title: かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひどのっどばぬづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはねばはのづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰うどひねぷちひづぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こはてぴぷちひづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰あふどぬつどのでぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぁぜ〴ぜ〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸴⸱ Item: Title: かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはねばはのづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰うどひねぷちひづぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こはてぴぷちひづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰あふどぬつどのでぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぁぜ〴ぜ〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸴⸱ Item: Title: かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰うどひねぷちひづぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こはてぴぷちひづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰あふどぬつどのでぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぁぜ〴ぜ〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸴⸱ Item: Title: あふどぬつどのでぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぁぜ〴ぜ〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸴⸱ Children: Item: Title: ぉねばぬづねづのぴちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰がどでとぴぜ〴ぜ〰こづのびはひびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸴⸲ Item: Title: ぃはののづっぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰こづのびはひぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰ぃちぢぬづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸴⸳ Item: Title: ぃはののづっぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぅぬづっぴひはのどっびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: ぃとちひちっぴづひどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰こづのびはひびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちひにひははねぜ〴ぜ〰こづぴふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸳⸱⸱ Children: Item: Title: いちひにひははねぜ〴ぜ〰こづぴふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸳⸱⸱ Children: Item: Title: こばづっぴひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぃとちひちっぴづひどぺちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸳⸱⸲ Item: Title: ぃはびどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぃとちひちっぴづひどぺちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: ぃちぬどぢひちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰こづのびはひびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: ぅへばづひどねづのぴちぬぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづねづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㔮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ざちぬどつちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづねづのぴびぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰かつぜ〴ぜ〰ぐぁげぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰がちぢはひちぴはひべぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはのつどぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸵⸱⸱ Children: Item: Title: ざちぬどつちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰かつさぉぎくぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづねづのぴびぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰かつぜ〴ぜ〰ぐぁげぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰がちぢはひちぴはひべぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはのつどぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸵⸱⸱ Children: Item: Title: こづぴふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸵⸱⸲ Item: Title: きづちびふひづねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰げづびふぬぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㔮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ごづびぴどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いぉすぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはのびぴひふっぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰いづばぬはべねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰ふのつづひぜ〴ぜ〰うどづぬつぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはのつどぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸶ Item: Title: ごづびぴどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いぉすぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはのびぴひふっぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰いづばぬはべねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰ふのつづひぜ〴ぜ〰うどづぬつぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはのつどぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸶ Item: Title: ぃはのっぬふびどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠嬸㘠〠删⽆楴䡝‾㸊㰼ਯ呹灥 偡来ਯ䍯湴敮瑳‹㠠〠刊⽒敳潵牣敳‹㜠〠刊⽍敤楡䉯砠嬰‰‵㤵⸲㜶‸㐱⸸㥝ਯ偡牥湴‱〴‰⁒ਯ䅮湯瑳⁛‸㜠〠删㠹‰⁒‹ㄠ〠删㤲‰⁒‹㌠〠删㤴‰⁒‹㘠〠删崊㸾਼㰊⽐牯摵捥爠⡇偌⁇桯獴獣物灴‹⸱〩ਯ䍲敡瑩潮䑡瑥
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