27e028bdb17671491385f6ad2d8d28d2 pmc_28635659.pdf 26373c4456b6c57f551612ec5701b7cc6897069d pmc_28635659.pdf Title: dIvergEnt: How IgE Axis Contributes to the Continuum of Allergic Asthma and Anti-IgE Therapies Subject: Asthma is an airway disease characterised by chronic inflammation with intermittent or permanent symptoms including wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough, which vary in terms of their occurrence, frequency, and intensity. The most common associated feature in the airways of patients with asthma is airway inflammation. In recent decades, efforts have been made to characterise the heterogeneous clinical nature of asthma. The interest in improving the definitions of asthma phenotypes and endotypes is growing, although these classifications do not always correlate with prognosis nor are always appropriate therapeutic approaches. Attempts have been made to identify the most relevant molecular and cellular biomarkers underlying the immunopathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. For almost 50 years, immunoglobulin E (IgE) has been identified as a central factor in allergic asthma, due to its allergen-specific nature. Many of the mechanisms of the inflammatory cascade underlying allergic asthma have already been elucidated, and IgE has been shown to play a fundamental role in the triggering, development, and chronicity of the inflammatory responses within the disease. Blocking IgE with monoclonal antibodies such as omalizumab have demonstrated their efficacy, effectiveness, and safety in treating allergic asthma. A better understanding of the multiple contributions of IgE to the inflammatory continuum of asthma could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the disease. Keywords: allergy; asthma; immunoglobulin E (IgE); biomarkers; immunological mechanisms; immunomodulation; biological treatment; anti-IgE; omalizumab Author: Óscar Palomares, Silvia Sánchez-Ramón, Ignacio Dávila, Luis Prieto, Luis Pérez de Llano, Marta Lleonart, Christian Domingo and Antonio Nieto Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.17 CreationDate: Wed Jun 21 10:56:08 2017 CEST ModDate: Wed Jun 21 10:56:08 2017 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4026544 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JXOASH+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 70 0 VIJXQQ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 71 0 HMROQQ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 72 0 FDSIXQ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 73 0 XNMAVJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 74 0 QQCUGY+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 75 0 CKUPDE+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 80 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 81 0 RILWGI+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 160 0 CAADPN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 165 0 CAADPP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 166 0 CAAEBA+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 167 0 CAAEBB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 168 0 CAADPN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 282 0 CAADPP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 283 0 CAAEBA+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 284 0 CAAEBB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 285 0 SBRZFK+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 398 0 java.lang.ClassCastException: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject cannot be cast to edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfDictionary at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.PdfModule.readDocCatalogDict(PdfModule.java:1284) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.PdfModule.parse(PdfModule.java:525) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.processFile(JhoveBase.java:825) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.process(JhoveBase.java:614) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.dispatch(JhoveBase.java:465) at Jhove.main(Jhove.java:296) Jhove (Rel. 1.6, 2011-01-04) Date: 2019-02-14 18:00:24 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_28635659.pdf ReportingModule: BYTESTREAM, Rel. 1.3 (2007-04-10) LastModified: 2018-02-08 07:57:53 CET Size: 4026544 Format: bytestream Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/octet-stream Checksum: 47a51d07 Type: CRC32 Checksum: 27e028bdb17671491385f6ad2d8d28d2 Type: MD5 Checksum: 26373c4456b6c57f551612ec5701b7cc6897069d Type: SHA-1