bfb2199d312ce279bd3aa504d027e7ab energies_a2018v11n3p496.pdf 3cfc240a720932feabd710c97793bf06258fe1f1 energies_a2018v11n3p496.pdf b9b12aacd9c9739e5c0ddd018cb889094b9b1b8f447cf71b772919ba30aaa7cb energies_a2018v11n3p496.pdf Title: Towards Biochar and Hydrochar Engineering—Influence of Process Conditions on Surface Physical and Chemical Properties, Thermal Stability, Nutrient Availability, Toxicity and Wettability Subject: The impact of conversion process parameters in pyrolysis (maximum temperature, inert gas flow rate) and hydrothermal carbonization (maximum temperature, residence time and post-washing) on biochar and hydrochar properties is investigated. Pine wood (PW) and corn digestate (CD), with low and high inorganic species content respectively, are used as feedstock. CD biochars show lower H/C ratios, thermal recalcitrance and total specific surface area than PW biochars, but higher mesoporosity. CD and PW biochars present higher naphthalene and phenanthrene contents, respectively, which may indicate different reaction pathways. High temperatures (>500 C) lead to lower PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) content (<12 mg/kg) and higher specific surface area. With increasing process severity the biochars carbon content is also enhanced, as well as the thermal stability. High inert gas flow rates increase the microporosity and wettability of biochars. In hydrochars the high inorganic content favor decarboxylation over dehydration reactions. Hydrochars show mainly mesoporosity, with a higher pore volume but generally lower specific surface area than biochars. Biochars present negligible availability of NO3- and NH4+, irrespective of the nitrogen content of the feedstock. For hydrochars, a potential increase in availability of NO3-, NH4+, PO43-, and K+ with respect to the feedstock is possible. The results from this work can be applied to ``engineer'' appropriate biochars with respect to soil demands and certification requirements. Keywords: pyrolysis; hydrothermal carbonization; biochar engineering; porosity; nutrients; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) Author: Firstname Lastname, Firstname Lastname and Firstname Lastname Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Tue Feb 27 05:14:53 2018 CET ModDate: Tue Feb 27 05:14:53 2018 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 26 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1200097 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CSXENA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 76 0 DXAXCX+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 77 0 JCTJJE+CMBSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 78 0 OXBKYU+TeXGyreAdventor-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 79 0 BLIWJU+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 80 0 SYFPBV+CMMI10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 SOPSIV+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 82 0 RFLZJB+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 83 0 UXHOVH+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 88 0 IOLAWT+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 275 0 VRZAEO+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 326 0 ZCYUVZ+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 327 0 ABFQDR+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 334 0 IJITEG+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 335 0 EINGJY+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 358 0 ZGRHKM+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 359 0 MWCHPU+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 382 0 JCLVNO+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 383 0 ZMJPWD+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 406 0 MFSWJI+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 411 0 GADTVH+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 416 0 AQFCHL+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 431 0 POCXQT+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 432 0 AQFCHL+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 439 0 OPBEZE+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 440 0 LWQNTA+mwb_cmsy10 Type 1C Custom yes yes no 471 0 EJUVAR+Courier-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 472 0 MZCGUL+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 473 0 LWQNTA+mwb_cmsy10 Type 1C Custom yes yes no 483 0 EJUVAR+Courier-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 484 0 WSMBBF+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 485 0 LWQNTA+mwb_cmsy10 Type 1C Custom yes yes no 495 0 EJUVAR+Courier-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 496 0 TUJOBT+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 497 0 DWFGOB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 527 0 SZMZGR+CMBX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 550 0 LWQNTA+mwb_cmsy10 Type 1C Custom yes yes no 570 0 EJUVAR+Courier-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 571 0 IMYZGW+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 572 0 GASGHF+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 573 0 JWFNKJ+Courier Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 585 0 HKHNQC+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 586 0 JWFNKJ+Courier Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 593 0 WPOUUQ+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 594 0 GIISCC+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 615 0 HKKBFO+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 616 0 BVAYTD+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 640 0 ECZZUR+Wingdings-Regular TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 641 0 NIMQUA+Arial-BoldMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 642 0 IDIQAA+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 682 0 ORDZPE+Arial-BoldMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 683 0 WEIJUK+CMSY9 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 740 0 java.lang.ClassCastException: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject cannot be cast to edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfDictionary at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.PdfModule.readDocCatalogDict(PdfModule.java:1284) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.PdfModule.parse(PdfModule.java:525) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.processFile(JhoveBase.java:825) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.process(JhoveBase.java:614) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.dispatch(JhoveBase.java:465) at Jhove.main(Jhove.java:296) Jhove (Rel. 1.6, 2011-01-04) Date: 2019-02-14 17:32:35 CET RepresentationInformation: energies_a2018v11n3p496.pdf ReportingModule: BYTESTREAM, Rel. 1.3 (2007-04-10) LastModified: 2019-01-29 11:17:47 CET Size: 1200097 Format: bytestream Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/octet-stream Checksum: 86efdba4 Type: CRC32 Checksum: bfb2199d312ce279bd3aa504d027e7ab Type: MD5 Checksum: 3cfc240a720932feabd710c97793bf06258fe1f1 Type: SHA-1