a6da5a3461f83bd482545a5cca64cc8a  287563.pdf
39063e34f5509cb5a2129908539fcf9b5092587f  287563.pdf
ea05515d0b843856f6a2eccfa13638b1bf8c75b65304db2ef2491019a0ae7642  287563.pdf

Title:          Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers for neurodegenerative dementias: An update of the Consensus of the Task Force on Biological Markers in Psychiatry of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
Keywords:       Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, consensus
Author:         Piotr Lewczuk, Peter Riederer, Sid E. O’Bryant, Marcel M. Verbeek, Bruno Dubois, Pieter Jelle Visser, Kurt A. Jellinger, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Alfredo Ramirez, Lucilla Parnetti, Clifford R. Jack, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Harald Hampel, Alberto Lleó, Frank Jessen, Lidia Glodzik, Mony J. de Leon, Anne M. Fagan, José Luis Molinuevo, Willemijn J. Jansen, Bengt Winblad, Leslie M. Shaw, Ulf Andreasson, Markus Otto, Brit Mollenhauer, Jens Wiltfang, Martin R. Turner, Inga Zerr, Ron Handels, Alexander G. Thompson, Gunilla Johansson, Natalia Ermann, John Q. Trojanowski, Ilker Karaca, Holger Wagner, Patrick Oeckl, Linda van Waalwijk van Doorn, Maria Bjerke, Dimitrios Kapogiannis, H. Bea Kuiperij, Lucia Farotti, Yi Li, Brian A. Gordon, Stéphane Epelbaum, Stephanie J. B. Vos, Catharina J. M. Klijn, William E. Van Nostrand, Carolina Minguillon, Matthias Schmitz, Carla Gallo, Andrea Lopez Mato, Florence Thibaut, Simone Lista, Daniel Alcolea, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Johannes Kornhuber, Peter Riederer, Carla Gallo, Dimitrios Kapogiannis, Andrea Lopez Mato, Florence Thibaut
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    Outlines: 
     Item: 
      Title: Abstract
     Item: 
      Title: Introduction
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: The concept of biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders
       Item: 
        Title: The historical concept of AD
     Item: 
      Title: Revisiting the current concept of AD
     Item: 
      Title: Epidemiology of dementia disorders
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Prevalence of dementia
       Item: 
        Title: Prevalence of AD pathology
       Item: 
        Title: Risk factors for dementia
     Item: 
      Title: CSF biomarkers of AD and their diagnostic-relevant interpretation
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Neurochemical dementia diagnostics (NDD)
        Children: 
         Item: 
          Title: Amyloid precursor protein and its metabolites
         Item: 
          Title: Tau protein and its phosphorylated forms
         Item: 
          Title: Diagnostic-oriented interpretation
         Item: 
          Title: Early (pre-dementia) diagnosis
         Item: 
          Title: Blood-based biomarkers
       Item: 
        Title: Diagnostic COU research
       Item: 
        Title: Prognostic COU research
       Item: 
        Title: Technological and methodological considerations
       Item: 
        Title: Potential diagnostic role of EVs in the blood
     Item: 
      Title: Post-mortem findings in AD and other dementia disorders
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Alzheimer’s disease
       Item: 
        Title: α-Synuclein aggregation disorders
       Item: 
        Title: Frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD)
       Item: 
        Title: Vascular dementia (cognitive impairment/VaD, VCI)
       Item: 
        Title: Prion diseases (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE))
       Item: 
        Title: Rapidly progressive and early-onset dementias
     Item: 
      Title: AD biomarkers in autopsy-confirmed cases
     Item: 
      Title: Genetic analyses in AD diagnostics
     Item: 
      Title: Pre-analytics in the CSF biomarkers analysis
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Collection volume
       Item: 
        Title: Blood contamination of CSF
       Item: 
        Title: Collection and storage tubes and storage volume
       Item: 
        Title: Centrifugation speed
       Item: 
        Title: Storage temperature and delayed freezing of samples
       Item: 
        Title: Long-term stability and freeze thaw cycles
     Item: 
      Title: Circadian variation as a confounder for AD and PD CSF biomarkers
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Diurnal variations in AD biomarkers
       Item: 
        Title: Diurnal variation in αSyn species
     Item: 
      Title: Biobanking
     Item: 
      Title: The Alzheimer’s Association International Quality Control (QC) programme
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Outline and aims for the QC programme
       Item: 
        Title: The early rounds in the QC programme
       Item: 
        Title: The IFCC working group for CSF proteins
       Item: 
        Title: Seeing improvements in performance in the QC programme
     Item: 
      Title: Magnetic resonance imaging and hippocampal atrophy in AD
     Item: 
      Title: Comparison of CSF and Aβ-PET in early diagnostics; new emerging 渀攀甀爀漀椀洀愀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀猩ਯ䌠嬠〠〠〠崠⽁‼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠㐲㘹‰⁒‾㸊⽐慲敮琠㐱㜵‰⁒ 偲敶‴㈶㘠〠删⽎數琠㐲㜶‰⁒‾㸊敮摯扪਴㈷㤠〠潢樊嬠ㄲ㜳‰⁒ 塙娠湵汬‱㤷⸹㤵㤷畬氠崊敮摯扪਴㈷㠠〠潢樊㰼 呩瑬攠⡏癥牶楥眠潦⁣畲牥湴⁁䐠摩慧湯獴楣⁧畩摥汩湥猩ਯ䌠嬠〠〠〠崠⽁‼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠㐲㜹‰⁒‾㸊⽐慲敮琠㐲㜶‰⁒‾㸊敮摯扪਴㈷㜠〠潢樊嬠ㄲ㜳‰⁒ 塙娠湵汬′㈲畬氠崊敮摯扪਴㈷㘠〠潢樊㰼 䙩牳琠㐲㜸‰⁒ 䱡獴‴㈷㠠〠删⽔楴汥
佶敲癩敷映瑨攠捵牲敮琠䅄⁤楡杮潳瑩挠杵楤敬楮敳
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: PET imaging of Aβ
       Item: 
        Title: PET imaging of Tau
       Item: 
        Title: Comparison between CSF and PET markers
     Item: 
      Title: Overview of the current research criteria
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: IWG criteria (Dubois et al. 2007, 2014)
       Item: 
        Title: Proposal for a new lexicon for AD
        Children: 
         Item: 
          Title: (1) Alzheimer’s disease
         Item: 
          Title: (2) AD dementia
         Item: 
          Title: (3) Prodromal AD
         Item: 
          Title: (4) Atypical AD
         Item: 
          Title: (5) Mixed AD
         Item: 
          Title: (6) Pre-clinical states of AD
       Item: 
        Title: Research versus clinical criteria
     Item: 
      Title: Ethical implications of the new biomarker-based diagnostic criteria for AD
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Ethical challenges arising from new AD diagnostic criteria
       Item: 
        Title: Ethical challenges in research studies
       Item: 
        Title: Ethical issues in clinical practice
     Item: 
      Title: The concept of suspected non-AD pathophysiology (SNAP)
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Origins of the SNAP construct
       Item: 
        Title: Characteristics of clinically normal and MCI SNAP subjects
       Item: 
        Title: Clinical/cognitive outcomes
       Item: 
        Title: Imaging outcomes
       Item: 
        Title: Controversies and future research
     Item: 
      Title: Legal and regulatory issues in early AD diagnostics: EMA statements
     Item: 
      Title: CSF biomarkers in clinical trials for AD
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: CSF biomarkers for inclusion/selection
       Item: 
        Title: CSF biomarkers as a measure of target engagement
       Item: 
        Title: CSF biomarkers as a measure of disease modification
       Item: 
        Title: Future directions
     Item: 
      Title: CSF biomarkers in subjective cognitive decline
     Item: 
      Title: Clinical application of the CSF biomarkers in AD: Dementia Competence Network contribution
     Item: 
      Title: BIOMARKAPD contribution
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Structural highlights
     Item: 
      Title: Longitudinal changes in the CSF biomarkers in the ADNI participants
     Item: 
      Title: Potential novel biomarkers
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Neurogranin: a marker of synapse loss in AD?
       Item: 
        Title: Neurofilament light: a Tau-independent marker of neuroaxonal degeneration?
       Item: 
        Title: CSF sTREM2: a novel biomarker of microglial activation?
     Item: 
      Title: Novel technologies in biomarkers research
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Single-molecule counting
       Item: 
        Title: Single-molecule array
       Item: 
        Title: Proximity extension assay
       Item: 
        Title: Slow off-rate modified aptamer scan
       Item: 
        Title: Immunomagnetic reduction
       Item: 
        Title: S-plex
       Item: 
        Title: Flexmap 3D
       Item: 
        Title: Magpix
       Item: 
        Title: Mass spectrometry
     Item: 
      Title: Biomarkers in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
     Item: 
      Title: CSF and blood biomarkers in amyothrophic lateral sclerosis
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Neurofilaments
       Item: 
        Title: Aggregated proteins
       Item: 
        Title: Cytokines, growth factors and oxidative stress
     Item: 
      Title: Biomarkers in Parkinson Disease and DLB
     Item: 
      Title: CJD biomarkers
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Routine parameters
       Item: 
        Title: 14-3-3 Test
       Item: 
        Title: Tau
       Item: 
        Title: Molecular disease phenotype, genes and CSF alterations in CJD: PRNP codon 129 genotype
     Item: 
      Title: Role of in vitro protein misfolding amplification assays in prion disease diagnostics
     Item: 
      Title: CSF and blood biomarkers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia and cerebral amyloid angiopathy
       Item: 
        Title: Identification of CAA in individuals
       Item: 
        Title: CSF and blood biomarkers of CAA
       Item: 
        Title: Future prospects
     Item: 
      Title: Cost-effectiveness of the CSF biomarkers in AD and other dementia disorders
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Current evidence
       Item: 
        Title: Challenges and recommendations
     Item: 
      Title: References
     Item: 
      Title: Figure 1
     Item: 
      Title: Figure 2
     Item: 
      Title: Figure 3
     Item: 
      Title: Figure 4
     Item: 
      Title: Figure 5
     Item: 
      Title: Figure 6
     Item: 
      Title: Figure 7
     Item: 
      Title: Table 1
     Item: 
      Title: Table 2
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