85ef25bb54efbd3ff07c1b8a78209235 pmc_29343858.pdf 8889c4327ef3f2f7958126b9afb444fd519841de pmc_29343858.pdf 59672ec4cde25dab6c915a6210ee9b7e65864b4d3d1da24fdf4dddad3a76a592 pmc_29343858.pdf Title: Developmental pathways inferred from modularity, morphological integration and fluctuating asymmetry patterns in the human face Subject: Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19324-y Keywords: Author: Mirsha Quinto-Samp#x000E1;nchez Creator: Springer Producer: iText® 5.3.5 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (AGPL-version) CreationDate: Tue Jan 9 11:47:59 2018 CET ModDate: Thu Jan 11 15:54:30 2018 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: AcroForm JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 782.362 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 1787201 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.4 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- GDXPFM+Corbel CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 605 0 KCQYJE+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 606 0 RFWKVN+Corbel-Bold2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 88 0 NBHNNF+Corbel2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 89 0 SYQZRO+Corbel-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 90 0 RFWKVN+Corbel-Bold2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 539 0 NBHNNF+Corbel2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 540 0 GDXPFM+Corbel CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 633 0 MyriadPro-It Type 1C WinAnsi yes no yes 541 0 MinionPro-It Type 1C Custom yes no yes 87 0 MinionPro-Regular Type 1C Custom yes no yes 91 0 GDXPFM+Corbel CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 536 0 EuclidSymbol Type 1C Custom yes no yes 141 0 RFWKVN+Corbel-Bold2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 544 0 GDXPFM+Corbel CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 545 0 MinionPro-Bold Type 1C Custom yes no yes 156 0 YITXXC+STIXGeneral-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 205 0 STIXGeneral-Bold Type 1C Custom yes no yes 206 0 EuclidSymbol-Italic Type 1C Custom yes no yes 502 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-11-08 02:33:51 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_29343858.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2018-03-05 03:50:34 CET Size: 1787201 Format: PDF Version: 1.4 Status: Well-Formed, but not valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 1. Klingenberg, C. P. Morphological Integration and Developmental Modularity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 39, 115–132 (2008). :23' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 2. Simon, H. The architecture of complexity: hierarchic systems. Proc Amer Phil Soc 106, 467–482 (1962). :24' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 3. Bolker, J. A. Modularity in Development and Why It Matters to Evo-Devo. Amer Zool 40, 770–776 (2000). :25' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 10. Marcucio, R. S., Young, N. M., Hu, D. & Hallgrimsson, B. Mechanisms that underlie co-variation of the brain and face. Genesis 49, 177–89 (2011). :29' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 11. Martínez-Abadías, N. et al. Beyond the closed suture in apert syndrome mouse models: Evidence of primary effects of FGFR2 signaling on facial shape at birth. Dev. Dyn. 239, 3058–3071 (2010). :30' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 12. Hallgrimsson, B. et al. The brachymorph mouse and the developmental-genetic basis for canalization and morphological integration. Evol.⁜琀栀琀洀氀开攀渀琀 最氀礀瀀栠㴠᠀䀀愀洀瀀㬠ᤀ 愀猀挀椀椠㴠᠀☀愀洀瀀㬠ᤀ⼠䐀攀瘀⻾＀⃾＀㣾＀Ⰰ 㘀ㄠጀ㜀㌀ ㈀　　㘀⻾＀㨀㌀ㄩ⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㐷㠮㤵ㄠ㔲㤮㌸‴㠴⸵㠱‵ㄷ⸱㈲崯䠯丯䅐㰼⽎‵㌠〠刾㸾㸊敮摯扪਱㠠〠潢樊㰼⽆‴⽔祰支䅮湯琯䑥獴⣾＀匀瀀爀椀渀最攀爀一愀琀甀爀攀开匀挀椀刀攀瀀开㄀㤀㌀㈀㐀⸀椀渀搀搀㫾＀￾＀㄀㐀⻾￾＀￾￾￾￾＀䠀愀氀氀最爀洀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䈀⸀⃾＀攀琀 愀泾＀⸀ 䐀攀挀椀瀀栀攀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 倀愀氀椀洀瀀猀攀猀琀㨀 匀琀甀搀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 刀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀 䈀攀琀眀攀攀渀 䴀漀爀瀀栀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 倀栀攀渀漀琀礀瀀椀挀 䌀漀瘀愀爀椀愀琀椀漀渀⸀⃾＀䔀瘀漀氀 䈀椀漀泾＀⃾＀㌀㛾＀Ⰰ ㌀㔀㔠ጀ㌀㜀㘀 ㈀　　㤀⻾＀㨀㌀㈩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㐸㜮㘳‵㈹⸳㠠㐹㌮㈶ㄠ㔱㜮ㄲ㉝⽈⽎⽁值㰯丠㔴‰⁒㸾㸾੥湤潢樊ㄹ‰扪਼㰯䘠㐯呹灥⽁湮潴⽄敳琨SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 15. Martínez-Abadías, N. et al. Pervasive genetic integration directs the evolution of human skull shape. Evolution (N. Y). 66, 1010–23 (2012). :33' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 14. Hallgrímsson, B. et al. Deciphering the Palimpsest: Studying the Relationship Between Morphological Integration and Phenotypic Covariation. Evol Biol 36, 355–376 (2009). :32' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 15. Martínez-Abadías, N. et al. Pervasive genetic integration directs the evolution of human skull shape. Evolution (N. Y). 66, 1010–23 (2012). :33' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 16. Martínez-Abadías, N. et al. The Developmental Basis of Quantitative Craniofacial Variation in Humans and Mice. Evol. Biol. 39, 554–567 (2012). :34' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 17. Young, N. M. et al. Embryonic bauplans and the developmental origins of facial diversity and constraint. Development 141, 1059–63 (2014). :35' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 13. Hallgrímsson, B., Lieberman, D. E., Liu, W., Ford-Hutchinson, A. F. & Jirik, F. R. Epigenetic interactions and the structure of phenotypic variation in the cranium. Evol. Dev. 9, 76–91 (2007). :36' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 18. Hallgrimsson, B., Lieberman, D. E., Young, N. M., Parsons, T. & Wat, S. Evolution of covariance in the mammalian skull. Tinkering microevolution Dev. 164–190 (2007). :38' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 19. Esteve-Altava, B., Diogo, R., Smith, C., Boughner, J. C. & Rasskin-Gutman, D. Anatomical networks reveal the musculoskeletal modularity of the human head. Sci. Rep. 5, 8298 (2015). :259' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 21. Klingenberg, C. P. In Phenotypic integration: studying the ecology and evolution of complex phenotypes (eds Pigliucci, M. and Preston, K.) 213–230 (Oxford University Press, 2004). :41' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 12. Hallgrimsson, B. et al. The brachymorph mouse and the developmental-genetic basis for canalization and morphological integration. Evol.⁜琀栀琀洀氀开攀渀琀 最氀礀瀀栠㴠᠀䀀愀洀瀀㬠ᤀ 愀猀挀椀椠㴠᠀☀愀洀瀀㬠ᤀ⼠䐀攀瘀⻾＀⃾＀㣾＀Ⰰ 㘀ㄠጀ㜀㌀ ㈀　　㘀⻾＀㨀㐀㈩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㌲〮〰ㄠ㌵㤮㈶㌠㌲㔮㘴㘠㌴㜮ㄲ㉝⽈⽎⽁值㰯丠㘴‰⁒㸾㸾੥湤潢樊㈹‰扪਼㰯䘠㐯呹灥⽁湮潴⽄敳琨SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 22. Wilkins, A. The Evolution of Developmental Pathways. (Sinauer Associates, 2002). :43' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 22. Wilkins, A. The Evolution of Developmental Pathways. (Sinauer Associates, 2002). :43' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 23. Klingenberg, C. P. Morphometric integration and modularity in configurations of landmarks: tools for evaluating a priori hypotheses. Evol Dev 11, 405–421 (2009). :44' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 24. Enlow, D. H. & Hans, M. G. Essentials of facial growth. (Saunders, 1996). :47' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 25. Nadeau, J. H. et al. Pleiotropy, homeostasis, and functional networks based on assays of cardiovascular traits in genetically randomized populations. Genome Res. 13, 2082–91 (2003). :48' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 26. Wagner, G. P. & Altenberg, L. Perspectives: Complex Adaptations and the Evolution of Evolvability. Evolution (N. Y). 50, 967–976 (1996). :50' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 1. Klingenberg, C. P. Morphological Integration and Developmental Modularity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 39, 115–132 (2008). :51' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 1. Klingenberg, C. P. Morphological Integration and Developmental Modularity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 39, 115–132 (2008). :53' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 27. Klingenberg, C. In Variation: A Central Concept in Biology 219–247 (Elsevier, 2005). :54' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 28. Lande, R. Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Multivariate Evolution, Applied to Brain: Body Size Allometry. Evolution (N. Y). 37, 402–416 (1979). :55' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 1. Klingenberg, C. P. Morphological Integration and Developmental Modularity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 39, 115–132 (2008). :56' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 30. Alonso, C. In Evolving Pathways: Key Themes in Evolutionary Developmental Biology (eds Minelli, A. & Fusco, G.) 80–99 (Cambridge Univ Press, 2008). :281' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 1. Klingenberg, C. P. Morphological Integration and Developmental Modularity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 39, 115–132 (2008). :62' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 30. Klingenberg, C. & Polak, M. In Developmental instability: causes and consequences 427–442 (Oxford University Press, 2003). :63' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 28. Klingenberg, C. In Variation: A Central Concept in Biology 219–247 (Elsevier, 2005). :284' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 31. Klingenberg, C. & Polak, M. In Developmental instability: causes and consequences 427–442 (Oxford University Press, 2003). :285' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 33. Goswami, A., Binder, W. J., Meachen, J. & O’Keefe, F. R. The fossil record of phenotypic integration and modularity: A deep-time perspective on developmental and evolutionary dynamics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 4891–4896 (2015). :287' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 1. Anatomical location of the landmarks used in this study and modularity hypotheses studied here. (a) Functional modularity hypothesis (FMH): eyes⁜琀㴠漀爀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 洀漀甀琀栠㴠戀氀甀攀Ⰰ 瀀甀爀瀀氀攠㴠攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 渀漀猀攠㴠最爀攀攀渀⸀ ＀拾＀ 䴀椀搀氀椀渀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀 栀礀瀀漀琀栀攀猀椀猀㨀㘀㠩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㔴㔮ㄴ㠠㐳㐮㜶㌠㔴㤮㐷‴㈲⸶㈲崯䠯丯䅐㰼⽎‱㈷‰⁒㸾㸾੥湤潢樊㄰㜠〠潢樊㰼⽆‴⽔祰支䅮湯琯䑥獴⣾＀匀瀀爀椀渀最攀爀一愀琀甀爀攀开匀挀椀刀攀瀀开㄀㤀㌀㈀㐀⸀椀渀搀搀㫾＀￾＀㌀㌀⻾￾＀￾￾￾￾＀儀甀椀渀琀漀ⴀ匀渀挀栀攀稀Ⰰ 䴀⸀⃾＀攀琀 愀泾＀⸀ 䘀愀挀椀愀氀 愀猀礀洀洀攀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 最攀渀攀琀椀挀 愀渀挀攀猀琀爀礀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 愀搀洀椀砀攀搀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀⃾＀䄀洀⸀ 䨀⸀ 倀栀礀猀⸀ 䄀渀琀栀爀漀瀀漀氀⻾＀⃾＀㄀㔀㟾＀Ⰰ 㔀㠠ጀ㜀　 ㈀　㄀㔀⻾＀㨀㘀㤩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㌷㐮〰㐠㐱㐮㜶㌠㌷㘮㠵ㄠ㐰㈮㘲㉝⽈⽎⽁值㰯丠ㄲ㠠〠刾㸾㸊敮摯扪਱〸‰扪਼㰯䘠㐯呹灥⽁湮潴⽄敳琨SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 35. Pavlicev, M., Cheverud, J. M. & Wagner, G. P. Measuring Morphological Integration Using Eigenvalue Variance. Evol. Biol. 36, 157–170 (2009). :290' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 33. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry in Latin American admixed populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 157, 58–70 (2015). :69' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 14. Hallgrímsson, B. et al. Deciphering the Palimpsest: Studying the Relationship Between Morphological Integration and Phenotypic Covariation. Evol Biol 36, 355–376 (2009). :72' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 2. Principal Components Analysis. Scatterplots and morphings of the symmetric (a) and asymmetric (c) component of shape variation. Ellipses represent the 90% of the variance and colored by genetic ancestry (afr⁜琀㴠爀攀搀 挀椀爀挀甀氀攀Ⰰ 愀洀攠㴠戀氀㨀㜀㌩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛ㄷ〮㜹㠠㈱㐮㘰ㄠㄷ㔮ㄱ′〲⸴㙝⽈⽎⽁值㰯丠ㄳ㈠〠刾㸾㸊敮摯扪਱ㄲ‰扪਼㰯䘠㐯呹灥⽁湮潴⽄敳琨SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 34. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry in Latin American admixed populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 157, 58–70 (2015). :294' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 37. Ruiz-Linares, A. et al. Admixture in Latin America: geographic structure, phenotipic diversity and self-perception of ancestry based on 7,342 individuals. PLoS Genet. 10, e1004572 (2014). :295' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 38. Adams, D. C. Evaluating modularity in morphometric data: Challenges with the RV coefficient and a new test measure. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 565–572 (2016). :296' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 38. Adams, D. C. Evaluating modularity in morphometric data: Challenges with the RV coefficient and a new test measure. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 565–572 (2016). :297' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: Table 1. Adams’s modularity test for the total sample and subsamples, modularity hypotheses and shape components. Columns presents covariance ratio (CR) and p-value. Bold and italic indicate the lowest CR value for asymmetric and s:79' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: Table 1. Adams’s modularity test for the total sample and subsamples, modularity hypotheses and shape components. Columns presents covariance ratio (CR) and p-value. Bold and italic indicate the lowest CR value for asymmetric and :80' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: Table 3. Values of total variance, variance of the eigenvectors, eigenvectors variance scaled by the total variance (Evstv), and previously scaled also for the total variance and number of variables (Evstvnv). Data for th:83' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: Table 4. Results of the regression of morphological integration on the total variance (Evstv) for symmetric and asymmetric shape components. R2, RMSE, df, SS, MS, F, and p values are shown. Bolded values indicates significa:84' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 3. Linear regression of the variance of the eigenvectors scaled by the total variance phenotypic variance (trace), and scaled by both, the number of variables and the trace for the total sample and ancestry sub-samples. (a) Asymmetric c:85' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 3. Linear regression of the variance of the eigenvectors scaled by the total variance phenotypic variance (trace), and scaled by both, the number of variables and the trace for the total sample and ancestry sub-samples. (a) Asymmetric :86' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 33. Goswami, A., Binder, W. J., Meachen, J. & O’Keefe, F. R. The fossil record of phenotypic integration and modularity: A deep-time perspective on developmental and evolutionary dynamics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 4891–4896 (2015). :308' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 28. Klingenberg, C. In Variation: A Central Concept in Biology 219–247 (Elsevier, 2005). :309' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 31. Klingenberg, C. & Polak, M. In Developmental instability: causes and consequences 427–442 (Oxford University Press, 2003). :310' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 32. Klingenberg, C. In The Biology of Genetic Dominance(ed. Veitia, R.) 37–51 (LandesBioscience, 2004). :311' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 44. Cheverud, J. Developmental Integration and the Evolution of Pleiotropy. Integr. Comp. Biol. 36, 44–50 (1996). :315' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 19. Esteve-Altava, B., Diogo, R., Smith, C., Boughner, J. C. & Rasskin-Gutman, D. Anatomical networks reveal the musculoskeletal modularity of the human head. Sci. Rep. 5, 8298 (2015). :317' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 14. Hallgrímsson, B. et al. Deciphering the Palimpsest: Studying the Relationship Between Morphological Integration and Phenotypic Covariation. Evol Biol 36, 355–376 (2009). :102' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 19. Esteve-Altava, B., Diogo, R., Smith, C., Boughner, J. C. & Rasskin-Gutman, D. Anatomical networks reveal the musculoskeletal modularity of the human head. Sci. Rep. 5, 8298 (2015). :324' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 12. Hallgrimsson, B. et al. The brachymorph mouse and the developmental-genetic basis for canalization and morphological integration. Evol.⁜琀栀琀洀氀开攀渀琀 最氀礀瀀栠㴠᠀䀀愀洀瀀㬠ᤀ 愀猀挀椀椠㴠᠀☀愀洀瀀㬠ᤀ⼠䐀攀瘀⻾＀⃾＀㣾＀Ⰰ 㘀ㄠጀ㜀㌀ ㈀　　㘀⻾＀㨀㄀　㔩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㔲㠮㤹ㄠ㘳㐮㜶㌠㔳㐮㘰㜠㘲㈮㘲㉝⽈⽎⽁值㰯丠㈷〠〠刾㸾㸊敮摯扪ਲ㌵‰扪਼㰯䘠㐯呹灥⽁湮潴⽄敳琨SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 34. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry in Latin American admixed populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 157, 58–70 (2015). :326' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 34. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry in Latin American admixed populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 157, 58–70 (2015). :326' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 44. Cheverud, J. Developmental Integration and the Evolution of Pleiotropy. Integr. Comp. Biol. 36, 44–50 (1996). :331' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 51. González-José, R., Van Der Molen, S., González-Pérez, E. & Hernández, M. Patterns of phenotypic covariation and correlation in modern humans as viewed from morphological integration. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 123, 69–77 (2004). :115' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 28. Klingenberg, C. In Variation: A Central Concept in Biology 219–247 (Elsevier, 2005). :340' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 31. Klingenberg, C. & Polak, M. In Developmental instability: causes and consequences 427–442 (Oxford University Press, 2003). :341' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 39. Klingenberg, C. P. & McIntyre, G. S. Geometric morphometrics of developmental instability: analyzing patterns of fluctuating asymmetry with Procrustes methods. Evolution (N. Y). 52, 1363–1375 (1998). :344' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 1. Anatomical location of the landmarks used in this study and modularity hypotheses studied here. (a) Functional modularity hypothesis (FMH): eyes⁜琀㴠漀爀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 洀漀甀琀栠㴠戀氀甀攀Ⰰ 瀀甀爀瀀氀攠㴠攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 渀漀猀攠㴠最爀攀攀渀⸀ ＀拾＀ 䴀椀搀氀椀渀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀 栀礀瀀漀琀栀攀猀椀㨀㄀㌀㤩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛ㄷ㔮㌶㜠㐲㐮㜶㌠ㄷ㤮㘸㜠㐱㈮㘲㉝⽈⽎⽁值㰯丠㌵㈠〠刾㸾㸊敮摯扪ਲ਼㄰‰扪਼㰯䘠㐯呹灥⽁湮潴⽄敳琨SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 3. Linear regression of the variance of the eigenvectors scaled by the total variance phenotypic variance (trace), and scaled by both, the number of variables and the trace for the total sample and ancestry sub-samples. (a) Asymmetric:140' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 3. Linear regression of the variance of the eigenvectors scaled by the total variance phenotypic variance (trace), and scaled by both, the number of variables and the trace for the total sample and ancestry sub-samples. (a) Asymmetric:140' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 56. Debat, V., Alibert, P., David, P., Paradis, E. & Auffray, J. C. Independence between developmental stability and canalization in the skull of the house mouse. Proc. Biol. Sci. 267, 423–30 (2000). :142' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 15. Martínez-Abadías, N. et al. Pervasive genetic integration directs the evolution of human skull shape. Evolution (N. Y). 66, 1010–23 (2012). :149' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 51. González-José, R., Van Der Molen, S., González-Pérez, E. & Hernández, M. Patterns of phenotypic covariation and correlation in modern humans as viewed from morphological integration. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 123, 69–77 (2004). :150' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 56. Debat, V., Alibert, P., David, P., Paradis, E. & Auffray, J. C. Independence between developmental stability and canalization in the skull of the house mouse. Proc. Biol. Sci. 267, 423–30 (2000). :372' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 33. Goswami, A., Binder, W. J., Meachen, J. & O’Keefe, F. R. The fossil record of phenotypic integration and modularity: A deep-time perspective on developmental and evolutionary dynamics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 4891–4896 (2015).:376' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: Table 5. Regression results of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) on morphological integration (Evstv) in both components of the shape, for the total sample and subsamples (Native American, European, Admixed/Heterozygous, Homozygou:160' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: Table 5. Regression results of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) on morphological integration (Evstv) in both components of the shape, for the total sample and subsamples (Native American, European, Admixed/Heterozygous, Homozygo:161' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 34. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry in Latin American admixed populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 157, 58–70 (2015). :383' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 22. Klingenberg, C. P. In Phenotypic integration: studying the ecology and evolution of complex phenotypes (eds Pigliucci, M. and Preston, K.) 213–230 (Oxford University Press, 2004). :387' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 44. Cheverud, J. Developmental Integration and the Evolution of Pleiotropy. Integr. Comp. Biol. 36, 44–50 (1996). :388' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 19. Esteve-Altava, B., Diogo, R., Smith, C., Boughner, J. C. & Rasskin-Gutman, D. Anatomical networks reveal the musculoskeletal modularity of the human head. Sci. Rep. 5, 8298 (2015). :394' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 48. Esteve-Altava, B., Diogo, R., Smith, C., Boughner, J. C. & Rasskin-Gutman, D. Anatomical networks reveal the musculoskeletal modularity of the human head. Sci. Rep. 5, 8298 (2015). :174' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 37. Ruiz-Linares, A. et al. Admixture in Latin America: geographic structure, phenotipic diversity and self-perception of ancestry based on 7,342 individuals. PLoS Genet. 10, e1004572 (2014). :396' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 34. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry in Latin American admixed populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 157, 58–70 (2015). :397' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 37. Ruiz-Linares, A. et al. Admixture in Latin America: geographic structure, phenotipic diversity and self-perception of ancestry based on 7,342 individuals. PLoS Genet. 10, e1004572 (2014). :398' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 34. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry in Latin American admixed populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 157, 58–70 (2015). :400' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 37. Ruiz-Linares, A. et al. Admixture in Latin America: geographic structure, phenotipic diversity and self-perception of ancestry based on 7,342 individuals. PLoS Genet. 10, e1004572 (2014). :401' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 86. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Socioeconomic Status Is Not Related with Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry: Evidence from Latin-American Populations. PLoS One 12, e0169287 (2017). :404' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 34. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry in Latin American admixed populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 157, 58–70 (2015). :406' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 86. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Socioeconomic Status Is Not Related with Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry: Evidence from Latin-American Populations. PLoS One 12, e0169287 (2017). :407' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 34. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry in Latin American admixed populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 157, 58–70 (2015). :408' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 86. Quinto-Sánchez, M. et al. Socioeconomic Status Is Not Related with Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry: Evidence from Latin-American Populations. PLoS One 12, e0169287 (2017). :409' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 59. Klingenberg, C. P., Barluenga, M. & Meyer, A. Shape analysis of symmetric structures: quantifying variation among individuals and asymmetry. Evolution (N. Y). 56, 1909–1920 (2002). :414' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 59. Klingenberg, C. P., Barluenga, M. & Meyer, A. Shape analysis of symmetric structures: quantifying variation among individuals and asymmetry. Evolution (N. Y). 56, 1909–1920 (2002). :415' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 1. Anatomical location of the landmarks used in this study and modularity hypotheses studied here. (a) Functional modularity hypothesis (FMH): eyes⁜琀㴠漀爀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 洀漀甀琀栠㴠戀氀甀攀Ⰰ 瀀甀爀瀀氀攠㴠攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 渀漀猀攠㴠最爀攀攀渀⸀ ＀拾＀ 䴀椀搀氀椀渀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀 栀礀瀀漀琀栀攀猀㨀㄀㤀㔩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㌲㈮㠵㐠㘸㜮㌴㌠㌳ㄮㄲ㔠㘷㐮㔸㉝⽈⽎⽁值㰯丠㐷ㄠ〠刾㸾㸊敮摯扪਴㐵‰扪਼㰯䘠㐯呹灥⽁湮潴⽄敳琨SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 90. Diogo, R. & Wood, B. The broader evolutionary lessons to be learned from a comparative and phylogenetic analysis of primate muscle morphology. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 88, 988–1001 (2013). :417' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 1. Anatomical location of the landmarks used in this study and modularity hypotheses studied here. (a) Functional modularity hypothesis (FMH): eyes⁜琀㴠漀爀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 洀漀甀琀栠㴠戀氀甀攀Ⰰ 瀀甀爀瀀氀攠㴠攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 渀漀猀攠㴠最爀攀攀渀⸀ ＀拾＀ 䴀椀搀氀椀渀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀 栀礀瀀漀琀栀攀㨀㈀　〩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㈱㔮㈳㤠㘱㘮㜲㌠㈲㐮〹‶〴⸵㠲崯䠯丯䅐㰼⽎‴㜶‰⁒㸾㸾੥湤潢樊㐵〠〠潢樊㰼⽆‴⽔祰支䅮湯琯䑥獴⣾＀匀瀀爀椀渀最攀爀一愀琀甀爀攀开匀挀椀刀攀瀀开㄀㤀㌀㈀㐀⸀椀渀搀搀㫾￾＀￾＀㤀㈀⻾￾＀￾￾￾￾＀혀稀攀渀攀爀Ⰰ 䈀⸀ 䐀漀攀猀 甀爀戀愀渀 瀀漀瘀攀爀琀礀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 戀漀搀礀 昀氀甀挀琀甀愀琀椀渀最 愀猀礀洀洀攀琀爀礀㼀⃾＀䌀漀氀氀⸀ 䄀渀琀爀漀瀀漀氀⻾＀⃾＀㌀㗾＀Ⰰ ㄀　　ㄠጀ㔀 ㈀　㄀㄀⻾＀㨀㐀㈀㈩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛ㄸㄮ〵㜠㘰㘮㜲㌠ㄸ㘮㜰ㄠ㔹㐮㔸㉝⽈⽎⽁值㰯丠㐷㜠〠刾㸾㸊敮摯扪਴㔱‰扪਼㰯䘠㐯呹灥⽁湮潴⽄敳琨SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 68. Aparicio, J. M. & Bonal, R. Why do some traits show higher fluctuating asymmetry than others? A test of hypotheses with tail feathers of birds. Heredity (Edinb). 89, 139–44 (2002). :423' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 1. Anatomical location of the landmarks used in this study and modularity hypotheses studied here. (a) Functional modularity hypothesis (FMH): eyes⁜琀㴠漀爀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 洀漀甀琀栠㴠戀氀甀攀Ⰰ 瀀甀爀瀀氀攠㴠攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 渀漀猀攠㴠最爀攀攀渀⸀ ＀拾＀ 䴀椀搀氀椀渀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀 栀礀瀀漀琀栀㨀㈀　㌩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㈳〮ㄸ㈠㔴㘮㜲㌠㈳㠮㐸㈠㔳㐮㔸㉝⽈⽎⽁值㰯丠㐷㤠〠刾㸾㸊敮摯扪਴㔳‰扪਼㰯䘠㐯呹灥⽁湮潴⽄敳琨SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 93. Farkas, L. G., Katic, M. J., Hreczko, T. A., Deutsch, C. & Munro, I. R. Anthropometric proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face in young white adults. Am. J. Orthod. 86, 52–60 (1984). :425' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd:Figure 1. Anatomical location of the landmarks used in this study and modularity hypotheses studied here. (a) Functional modularity hypothesis (FMH): eyes⁜琀㴠漀爀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 洀漀甀琀栠㴠戀氀甀攀Ⰰ 瀀甀爀瀀氀攠㴠攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 渀漀猀攠㴠最爀攀攀渀⸀ ＀拾＀ 䴀椀搀氀椀渀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀 栀礀瀀漀琀㨀㈀　㘩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㈵㘮ㄴ㐠㔱㘮㜲㌠㈶㔮㈹‵〴⸵㠲崯䠯丯䅐㰼⽎‴㠲‰⁒㸾㸾੥湤潢樊㐵㘠〠潢樊㰼⽆‴⽔祰支䅮湯琯䑥獴⣾＀匀瀀爀椀渀最攀爀一愀琀甀爀攀开匀挀椀刀攀瀀开㄀㤀㌀㈀㐀⸀椀渀搀搀㫾￾￾￾＀￾＀㐀㄀⻾￾＀￾￾￾￾＀䈀愀猀琀椀爀Ⰰ 䴀⸀ ☀ 刀漀猀愀猀Ⰰ 䄀⸀ 䠀椀攀爀愀爀挀栀椀挀愀氀 渀愀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 洀漀爀瀀栀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀漀猀琀攀爀椀漀爀 昀愀挀攀⸀⃾＀䄀洀 䨀 倀栀礀猀 䄀渀琀栀爀⻾＀⃾＀㄀㈀㣾＀Ⰰ ㈀㘠ጀ㌀㐀 ㈀　　㔀⻾＀㨀㐀㈀㠩⽂潲摥牛〠〠そ⽓畢瑹灥⽌楮欯䉓㰼⽗‰⽔祰支䉯牤敲⽓⽓㸾⽒散瑛㐵㔮㤳㠠㔰㘮㜲㌠㐶ㄮ㘱㐠㐹㐮㔸㉝⽈⽎⽁值㰯丠㐸㌠〠刾㸾㸊敮摯扪਴㔷‰扪਼㰯䘠㐯呹灥⽁湮潴⽄敳琨SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 38. Adams, D. C. Evaluating modularity in morphometric data: Challenges with the RV coefficient and a new test measure. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 565–572 (2016). :429' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 41. Bastir, M. & Rosas, A. Hierarchical nature of morphological integration and modularity in the human posterior face. Am J Phys Anthr. 128, 26–34 (2005). :428' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 38. Adams, D. C. Evaluating modularity in morphometric data: Challenges with the RV coefficient and a new test measure. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 565–572 (2016). :430' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 38. Adams, D. C. Evaluating modularity in morphometric data: Challenges with the RV coefficient and a new test measure. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 565–572 (2016). :431' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 39. Klingenberg, C. P. & McIntyre, G. S. Geometric morphometrics of developmental instability: analyzing patterns of fluctuating asymmetry with Procrustes methods. Evolution (N. Y). 52, 1363–1375 (1998). :432' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 39. Klingenberg, C. P. & McIntyre, G. S. Geometric morphometrics of developmental instability: analyzing patterns of fluctuating asymmetry with Procrustes methods. Evolution (N. Y). 52, 1363–1375 (1998). :435' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 35. Pavlicev, M., Cheverud, J. M. & Wagner, G. P. Measuring Morphological Integration Using Eigenvalue Variance. Evol. Biol. 36, 157–170 (2009). :436' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 36. Wagner, G. P. A comparative study of morphological integration in Apis mellifera (Insecta, Hymenoptera). J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 28, 48–61 (1990). :437' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_19324.indd: 14. Hallgrímsson, B. et al. Deciphering the Palimpsest: Studying the Relationship Between Morphological Integration and Phenotypic Covariation. Evol Biol 36, 355–376 (2009). :217' cannot be found Offset: 1559625 MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 673 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: false CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseOutlines Language: EN Outlines: Item: Title: Developmental pathways inferred from modularity, morphological integration and fluctuating asymmetry patterns in the human ... Children: Item: Title: Results Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: The sample. Item: Title: Preliminary statistical analyses: error measurement and acquisition of the symmetric and asymmetric components of variation ... Item: Title: Modularity hypotheses. Item: Title: Covariance matrix similarity: exploring developmental pathways. Item: Title: Facial morphological integration. Item: Title: Acknowledgements Item: Title: Figure 1 Anatomical location of the landmarks used in this study and modularity hypotheses studied here. Item: Title: Figure 2 Principal Components Analysis. Item: Title: Figure 3 Linear regression of the variance of the eigenvectors scaled by the total variance phenotypic variance (trace), and scaled by both, the number of variables and the trace for the total sample and ancestry sub-samples. Item: Title: Table 1 Adams’s modularity test for the total sample and subsamples, modularity hypotheses and shape components. Item: Title: Table 2 Values of correlation matrices of individual variation (Ind), fluctuating asymmetry (FA), and measurement error (error) for the total sample (see Table S1 for details of subsamples). Item: Title: Table 3 Values of total variance, variance of the eigenvectors, eigenvectors variance scaled by the total variance (Evstv), and previously scaled also for the total variance and number of variables (Evstvnv). Item: Title: Table 4 Results of the regression of morphological integration on the total variance (Evstv) for symmetric and asymmetric shape components. Item: Title: Table 5 Regression results of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) on morphological integration (Evstv) in both components of the shape, for the total sample and subsamples (Native American, European, Admixed/Heterozygous, Homozygous). Info: Title: Developmental pathways inferred from modularity, morphological integration and fluctuating asymmetry patterns in the human face Author: Mirsha Quinto-Samp#x000E1;nchez Subject: Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19324-y Keywords: Creator: Springer Producer: iText® 5.3.5 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (AGPL-version) CreationDate: Tue Jan 09 12:17:59 CET 2018 ModDate: Thu Jan 11 15:54:30 CET 2018 ID: 0x1d98a4403fb986ed337d412ac8f7d06c, 0x045f70d8fea20c849d379b593199ae4d Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 1100 ImageHeight: 90 ColorSpace: black is zero BitsPerSample: 1 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Intent: RelativeColorimetric Name: X Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1202 ImageHeight: 1652 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Intent: RelativeColorimetric Name: X Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg 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SYQZRO+Corbel-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -556, -239, 1155, 952 FontFile2: true Font: BaseFont: GDXPFM+Corbel CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: GDXPFM+Corbel Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -553, -239, 1110, 952 FontFile2: true XMP: application/pdf doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19324-y Springer US Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19324-y Developmental pathways inferred from modularity, morphological integration and fluctuating asymmetry patterns in the human face Mirsha Quinto-Samp#x000E1;nchez Francesc Muamp#x000F1;oz-Muamp#x000F1;oz Jorge Gomez-Valdes Celia Cintas Pablo Navarro Caio Cesar Silva de Cerqueira Carolina Paschetta Soledad de Azevedo Virginia Ramallo Victor Acuamp#x000F1;a-Alonzo Kaustubh Adhikari Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo Tamp#x000E1;bita Hamp#x000FC;nemeier Paola Everardo Francisco Avila Claudia Jaramillo Williams Arias Carla Gallo Giovani Poletti Gabriel Bedoya Maria Camp#x000E1;tira Bortolini Samuel Canizales-Quinteros Francisco Rothhammer Javier Rosique Andres Ruiz-Linares Rolando Gonzalez-Jose 10.1038/s41598-018-19324-y http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19324-y journal Scientific Reports © 2018, The Author(s) 2045-2322 10.1038/s41598-018-19324-y Springer 2018-01-11T15:54:30+01:00 2018-01-09T16:17:59+05:30 2018-01-11T15:54:30+01:00 True iText® 5.3.5 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (AGPL-version) VoR uuid:9f55ba7c-d033-44cd-b696-20e33ad4e18c uuid:3d31395d-ec84-45aa-aa33-e24c109ea571 default 1 converted uuid:d0494f04-1c03-45b2-ba9d-39c4de74ece7 converted to PDF/A-2b pdfToolbox 2018-01-09T16:18:37+05:30 2 B http://ns.adobe.com/pdf/1.3/ pdf Adobe PDF Schema internal A name object indicating whether the document has been modified to include trapping information Trapped Text http://ns.adobe.com/pdfx/1.3/ pdfx pdfx internal ID of PDF/X standard GTS_PDFXVersion Text internal Conformance level of PDF/X standard GTS_PDFXConformance Text internal Company creating the PDF Company Text internal Date 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