c4248c538c83b0c82692d1b4b3332a73 pmc_30572588.pdf 202e7b1fca3e05551ed12099fd5fe3eec2b169e6 pmc_30572588.pdf 2d61898d85f32fc5c352ee5fb04c3d19626ff056f08121ba80ef906a2fd92a7e pmc_30572588.pdf Title: Quality of Dietary Fat Intake and Body Weight and Obesity in a Mediterranean Population: Secondary Analyses within the PREDIMED Trial Subject: A moderately high-fat Mediterranean diet does not promote weight gain. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of specific types of fat and obesity and body weight. A prospective cohort study was performed using data of 6942 participants in the PREDIMED trial, with yearly repeated validated food-frequency questionnaires, and anthropometric outcomes (median follow-up: 4.8 years). The effects of replacing dietary fat subtypes for one another, proteins or carbohydrates were estimated using generalized estimating equations substitution models. Replacement of 5% energy from saturated fatty acids (SFA) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) resulted in weight changes of -0.38 kg (95% Confidece Iinterval (CI): -0.69, -0.07), and -0.51 kg (95% CI: -0.81, -0.20), respectively. Replacing proteins with MUFA or PUFA decreased the odds of becoming obese. Estimates for the daily substitution of one portion of red meat with white meat, oily fish or white fish showed weight changes up to -0.87 kg. Increasing the intake of unsaturated fatty acids at the expense of SFA, proteins, and carbohydrates showed beneficial effects on body weight and obesity. It may therefore be desirable to encourage high-quality fat diets like the Mediterranean diet instead of restricting total fat intake. Keywords: fat; obesity; body weight; cohort study; substitution models Author: Yvette Beulen, Miguel A. Martínez-González, Ondine van de Rest, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, José V. Sorlí, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Miquel Fiol, Ramón Estruch, José M. Santos-Lozano, Helmut Schröder, Angel Alonso-Gómez, Luis Serra-Majem, Xavier Pintó, Emilio Ros, Nerea Becerra-Tomas, José I. González, Montserrat Fitó, J. Alfredo. 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