5d650e233c24f156d78c7b2b550d6a01 pmc_33265160.pdf 5bddc070cb47855223bee7cee5f209e7c4fc32f0 pmc_33265160.pdf 50d0ae3a207aee1de1d88ccdaaa8b38ed94dd24f515e63942986c90b07b77165 pmc_33265160.pdf Title: Characterizing Normal and Pathological Gait through Permutation Entropy Subject: Cerebral palsy is a physical impairment stemming from a brain lesion at perinatal time, most of the time resulting in gait abnormalities: the first cause of severe disability in childhood. Gait study, and instrumental gait analysis in particular, has been receiving increasing attention in the last few years, for being the complex result of the interactions between different brain motor areas and thus a proxy in the understanding of the underlying neural dynamics. Yet, and in spite of its importance, little is still known about how the brain adapts to cerebral palsy and to its impaired gait and, consequently, about the best strategies for mitigating the disability. In this contribution, we present the hitherto first analysis of joint kinematics data using permutation entropy, comparing cerebral palsy children with a set of matched control subjects. We find a significant increase in the permutation entropy for the former group, thus indicating a more complex and erratic neural control of joints and a non-trivial relationship between the permutation entropy and the gait speed. We further show how this information theory measure can be used to train a data mining model able to forecast the child's condition. We finally discuss the relevance of these results in clinical applications and specifically in the design of personalized medicine interventions. Keywords: permutation entropy; cerebral palsy; instrumental gait analysis Author: Massimiliano Zanin, David Gómez-Andrés, Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo, Samuel Ignacio Pascual-Pascual and Estrella Rausell Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.17 CreationDate: Fri Jan 19 08:12:41 2018 CET ModDate: Fri Jan 19 08:12:41 2018 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1097454 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- QHAMKY+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 86 0 POPBAQ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 87 0 NALLOA+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 88 0 WFMTKF+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 94 0 HOJRJA+BitstreamVeraSans-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes 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AQKOUH+CMSY8 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 1230 0 WEIJUK+CMSY9 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 1291 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2020-12-12 06:13:46 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_33265160.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2020-12-07 03:48:10 CET Size: 1097454 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 9 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: ぉのぴひはつふっぴどはの Item: Title: げづびふぬぴび Children: Item: Title: ぇちどぴぜ〴ぜ〰ぐづひねふぴちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぅのぴひはばべ〺ぜ〴ぜ〰こどのでぬづ〭こっちぬづ Item: Title: ぇちどぴぜ〴ぜ〰ぐづひねふぴちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぅのぴひはばべ〺ぜ〴ぜ〰きふぬぴど〭こっちぬづ Item: Title: ぇちどぴぜ〴ぜ〰ぅのぴひはばべぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰ぃぬちびびどてどっちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ごちびにび Item: Title: いどびっふびびどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはのっぬふびどはのび Item: Title: きちぴづひどちぬびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰きづぴとはつび Children: Item: Title: ごとづぜ〴ぜ〰ぇちどぴぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちびづぴ Children: Item: Title: ぐちひぴどっどばちのぴび Item: Title: ぃぬどのどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰〳い〭ぇちどぴぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどび Item: Title: ぐづひねふぴちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぅのぴひはばべぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどび Children: Item: Title: こどのでぬづ〭こっちぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぅのぴひはばべ Item: Title: きふぬぴど〭こっちぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぅのぴひはばべ Item: Title: がどのづちひぜ〴ぜ〰きどへづつぜ〴ぜ〰きはつづぬび Item: Title: ぃぬちびびどてどっちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ごちびに Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: CBFVVN+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 103 FontDescriptor: FontName: CBFVVN+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: HVSBKL+PazoMath FontSubset: true FirstChar: 68 LastChar: 229 FontDescriptor: FontName: HVSBKL+PazoMath Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -283, 878, 946 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: TEPLFZ+CMTT10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 69 LastChar: 83 FontDescriptor: FontName: TEPLFZ+CMTT10 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