ab10a74bd1ce89dfdd9157b72a6c7a9d nutrients_a2019v11p1293.pdf c93e2d6785e2508a54bfadf116af0100bf7a1a2e nutrients_a2019v11p1293.pdf 67911d0781c4efa19fe2677f8a9ab7c2430dae25b6fef60979e675633b293088 nutrients_a2019v11p1293.pdf Title: Effect of the Degree of Polymerization of Fructans on Ex Vivo Fermented Human Gut Microbiome Subject: Prebiotic supplements are used to promote gastrointestinal health by stimulating beneficial bacteria. The aim of this study was to compare the potential prebiotic effects of fructans with increasing degrees of polymerization, namely fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulins with a low and high polymerization degree (LPDI and HPDI, respectively), using an ex vivo fermentation system to simulate the colonic environment. The system was inoculated with pooled feces from three healthy donors with the same baseline enterotype. Changes in microbiota composition were measured by 16S metagenomic sequencing after 2, 7, and 14 days of fermentation, and acid production was measured throughout the experiment. Alpha-diversity decreased upon inoculation of the ex vivo fermentation under all treatments. Composition changed significantly across both treatments and time (ANOSIM p < 0.005 for both factors). HPDI and LPDI seemed to be similar to each other regarding composition and acidification activity, but different from the control and FOS. FOS differed from the control in terms of composition but not acidification. HDPI restored alpha-diversity on day 14 as compared to the control (Bonferroni p < 0.05). In conclusion, the prebiotic activity of fructans appears to depend on the degree of polymerization, with LPDI and especially HPDI having a greater effect than FOS. Keywords: prebiotic; inulin-type fructan; fructooligosaccharide; polymerization degree; metagenomics; microbiome Author: Erola Astó, Iago Méndez, Maria Rodríguez-Prado, Jordi Cuñé, Jordi Espadaler and Andreu Farran-Codina Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Fri Jun 7 10:31:56 2019 CEST ModDate: Fri Jun 7 10:31:56 2019 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1834308 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PRSMFA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 111 0 PYRRNJ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 112 0 LZDGTK+Rpxb Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 113 0 XWOCXD+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 114 0 QTLELQ+Pxbsy Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 115 0 ICDKRW+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes 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yes yes yes 394 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 437 0 KPOAOM+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 442 0 KPNMBP+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 443 0 KPNMDA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 444 0 KPNMDC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 445 0 KPNMMA+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 446 0 KPNNCO+Arial CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 447 0 KPNPKB+Arial,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 448 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2020-01-29 05:30:19 CET RepresentationInformation: nutrients_a2019v11p1293.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2020-01-10 11:57:45 CET Size: 1834308 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: ぉのぴひはつふっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸲ Item: Title: きちぴづひどちぬびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰きづぴとはつびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うひふっぴちのびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべぺづつぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いはのはひぜ〴ぜ〰ぉのてはひねちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うづっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはぬぬづっぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぉのはっふぬふねぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うづひねづのぴちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きづぴちでづのはねどっびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸵⸱ Children: Item: Title: うひふっぴちのびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべぺづつぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いはのはひぜ〴ぜ〰ぉのてはひねちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うづっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはぬぬづっぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぉのはっふぬふねぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うづひねづのぴちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きづぴちでづのはねどっびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸵⸱ Item: Title: いはのはひぜ〴ぜ〰ぉのてはひねちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うづっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはぬぬづっぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぉのはっふぬふねぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うづひねづのぴちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きづぴちでづのはねどっびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸵⸱ Item: Title: うづっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはぬぬづっぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぉのはっふぬふねぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うづひねづのぴちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きづぴちでづのはねどっびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸵⸱ Item: Title: うづひねづのぴちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きづぴちでづのはねどっびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸵⸱ Item: Title: きづぴちでづのはねどっびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸵⸱ Children: Item: Title: いぎぁぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへぴひちっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸵⸲ Item: Title: ぐぃげぜ〴ぜ〰ぁねばぬどてどっちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰きちびびどぶづぜ〴ぜ〰こづぱふづのっどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸵⸳ Item: Title: けふちぬどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはのぴひはぬぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰こづぱふづのっづびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰くごさぜ〴ぜ〰ぐどっにどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸵⸴ Item: Title: いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: げづびふぬぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げづぬちぴどぶづぜ〴ぜ〰ぁぢふのつちのっづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぁぬばとち〭いどぶづひびどぴべぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぢどぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰こべびぴづねぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こどねどぬちひどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰あづぴぷづづのぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ばえぜ〴ぜ〰ざちひどちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Children: Item: Title: げづぬちぴどぶづぜ〴ぜ〰ぁぢふのつちのっづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぁぬばとち〭いどぶづひびどぴべぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぢどぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰こべびぴづねぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こどねどぬちひどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰あづぴぷづづのぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ばえぜ〴ぜ〰ざちひどちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: ぁぬばとち〭いどぶづひびどぴべぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぢどぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰こべびぴづねぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こどねどぬちひどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰あづぴぷづづのぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ばえぜ〴ぜ〰ざちひどちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: こぴちぢどぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰こべびぴづねぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こどねどぬちひどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰あづぴぷづづのぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ばえぜ〴ぜ〰ざちひどちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: 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