7f12c8c1ee442284bb41d296af43b167 languages_a2019v4p30.pdf 6d1c4e673c4260620d1b38eaab189c0406c266e9 languages_a2019v4p30.pdf 4e21279057f55b1a5bacf5e1b216eff6f06c7feecbe8ae2e2733c51d40cc6196 languages_a2019v4p30.pdf Title: On the Acceptance of the Null That by Bilingual Catalan/Spanish L2 Learners of English Subject: The research presented in this article aims at providing new data on L2 learner knowledge and recognition of the null that in complement clauses. The speech of English native speakers reveals a kind of variation which implies that where that may be present or absent in clauses selected by many common verbs such as say or think there is no preference for one of the two options. In this article, judgement data of bilingual Catalan/Spanish upper-intermediate and advanced L2 learners of English are analysed bearing in mind two possible factors that, according to previous research, may influence the acceptance of this phenomenon, level of proficiency and absence versus presence of instruction. A relevant issue regarding this construction is that performing like a native does not always imply using one grammatical structure in the target language and gradually doing away with the use of another ungrammatical one; it rather implies being able to detect native speaker frequency in the use of one of the two possible options, overt that usage or the null that. Our results show that learning in this domain depends more on degree in language proficiency than in the specific instruction provided, that both choices do not pose the same difficulty and that advanced L2 learners of English can display a native-like acceptance of the null that option. The option that presents more challenges is the one where there is no L1 facilitation. Keywords: second language acquisition; null that complementizer; overt that usage; L2 English; experimental judgement data Author: Mireia Llinàs-Grau and Aurora Bel Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Thu May 30 05:14:20 2019 CEST ModDate: Thu May 30 05:14:20 2019 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 834028 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- VLGANQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 70 0 IZRGLG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 71 0 OGEDZI+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 72 0 MFIGJL+Rpxb Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 73 0 WNWTFR+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 74 0 QBQINR+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 75 0 VTONWS+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes 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