PHYSICAL REVIEW D 99, 012009 (2019) Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with hadronically decaying τ-leptons, jets, and pffiffi missing transverse momentum using pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector M. Aaboud et al.* (ATLAS Collaboration) (Received 21 August 2018; published 18 January 2019) A search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one hadronically decaying τ-lepton is presented. Two exclusive final states with either exactly one or at least pffiffiffi two τ-leptons are considered. The analysis is based on proton-proton collisions at s ¼ 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess is observed over the Standard Model expectation. At 95% confidence level, model-independent upper limits on the cross section are set and exclusion limits are provided for two signal scenarios: a simplified model of gluino pair production with τ-rich cascade decays, and a model with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB). In the simplified model, gluino masses up to 2000 GeV are excluded for low values of the mass of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), while LSP masses up to 1000 GeV are excluded for gluino masses around 1400 GeV. In the GMSB model, values of the supersymmetry-breaking scale are excluded below 110 TeV for all values of tan β in the range 2 ≤ tan β ≤ 60, and below 120 TeV for tan β > 30. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.99.012009 I. INTRODUCTION Final states with τ-leptons are of particular interest in Supersymmetry (SUSY) [1–6] introduces a symmetry SUSY searches, although they are experimentally challeng- between fermions and bosons, resulting in a SUSY partner ing. Light sleptons could play a role in the coannihilation (sparticle) for each Standard Model (SM) particle with of neutralinos in the early Universe, and models with light identical quantum numbers except for a difference of half a τ-sleptons are consistent with constraints on dark matter unit of spin. Squarks (q̃), gluinos (g̃), charged sleptons (l̃), consisting of weakly interacting massive particles [8–10]. and sneutrinos (ν̃) are the superpartners of the quarks, Furthermore, should SUSY or any other physics beyond the gluons, charged leptons, and neutrinos, respectively. The Standard Model (BSM) be discovered in leptonic final SUSY partners of the gauge and Higgs bosons are called states, independent studies of all three lepton flavors are gauginos and higgsinos, respectively. The charged electro- necessary to investigate the coupling structure of the new weak gaugino and higgsino states mix to form charginos physics, especially with regard to lepton universality. (χ̃ i , i ¼ 1, 2), and the neutral states mix to form neutralinos In this article, an inclusive search for squarks and gluinos (χ̃ 0j , j ¼ 1, 2, 3, 4). Finally, the gravitino (G̃) is the SUSY produced via the strong interaction in events with jets (collimated sprays of particles from the hadronization of partner of the graviton. As no supersymmetric particle has quarks and gluons), at least one hadronically decaying been observed, SUSY must be a broken symmetry. To τ-lepton, and large missing transverse momentum is pre- avoid large violations of baryon- or lepton-number con- sented. Two SUSY models are considered: a simplified servation, R-parity [7] conservation is often assumed. In model [11–13] of gluino pair production and a model of this case, sparticles are produced in pairs and decay through gauge-mediated SUSY breaking (GMSB) [14–16]. If cascades involving SM particles and other sparticles until squarks and gluinos are within the reach of the Large the lightest sparticle (LSP), which is stable, is produced. Hadron Collider (LHC), their production may be among the dominant SUSY processes. Final states with exactly one * Full author list given at the end of the article. τ-lepton (1τ) or at least two τ-leptons (2τ) provide comple- mentary acceptance to SUSY signals. These two channels Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of are optimized separately and the results are statistically the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to combined. Models with a small mass splitting between the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, gluinos or squarks and the LSP, producing soft τ-leptons in and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3. the final state, are best covered by the 1τ channel. Models 2470-0010=2019=99(1)=012009(34) 012009-1 © 2019 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) FIG. 1. Example processes of (a) the GMSB model and (b) the simplified model of gluino pair production leading to final states with τ-leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum. with a heavy LSP, producing signatures with low missing for lower tan β values, the τ̃1 and the superpartners of the transverse momentum, are more easily probed by the 2τ right-handed electron and muon (ẽR ; μ̃R ) are almost degen- channel due to the lower SM background. For models with a erate in mass. The production of squark pairs dominates at large mass splitting, both channels provide sensitivity. high values of Λ, with a subdominant contribution from The analysis is performed using proton-protonpffiffiffi (pp) squark-gluino production. A typical GMSB signal process is collision data at a center-of-mass energy of s ¼ 13 TeV displayed in Fig. 1(a). The value of Cgrav corresponds to corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 , prompt decays of the NLSP. recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015 Although minimal GMSB cannot easily accommodate a and 2016. For both SUSY models, the exclusion limits Higgs boson with mass of approximately 125 GeV, various obtained significantly improve upon the previous ATLAS extensions exist (see, e.g., Refs. [21,22]) that remedy these results. Besides the increase in the integrated luminosity, shortcomings while preserving very similar signatures, in the results benefit from an improved analysis and stat- particular the natures of the LSP and the NLSP. istical treatment. Previous searches in the same final state The simplified model of gluino pair production is have been reported by the ATLAS [17–19] and CMS [20] inspired by generic models such as the R-parity-conserving collaborations. phenomenological MSSM [23,24] with dominant gluino In GMSB models, SUSY breaking is communicated pair production, light τ̃1 , and a χ̃ 01 LSP. Gluinos are assumed from a hidden sector to the visible sector by a set of to undergo a two-step cascade decay leading to τ-rich final messenger fields that share the gauge interactions of the states, as shown in Fig. 1(b). The two free parameters of the SM. SUSY is spontaneously broken in the messenger model are the masses of the gluino (mg̃ ) and the LSP (mχ̃ 01 ). sector, leading to massive, nondegenerate messenger Assumptions are made about the masses of other sparticles, fields. The free parameters of GMSB models are the namely the τ̃1 and ν̃τ are mass degenerate, and the χ̃ 02 and χ̃  1 SUSY-breaking mass scale in the messenger sector (Λ), are also mass degenerate, with the messenger mass scale (Mmes ), the number of messenger multiplets (N 5 ) of the 5 þ 5̄ representation 1 1 of SU(5), the ratio of the two Higgs-doublet vacuum mχ̃ 1 ¼ mχ̃ 02 ¼ ðmg̃ þ mχ̃ 01 Þ; mτ̃1 ¼ mν̃τ ¼ ðmχ̃ 1 þ mχ̃ 01 Þ: expectation values at the electroweak scale (tan β), the 2 2 sign of the Higgsino mass term in the superpotential 0 (signðμÞ ¼ 1), and a gravitino-mass scale factor Gluinos are assumed to decay into χ̃  0 1 qq̄ and χ̃ 2 qq̄ with 0 (Cgrav ). Details of the GMSB scenarios studied herein equal branching ratios, where q, q denote generic first- and can be found in Ref. [19]. second-generation quarks. The neutralino χ̃ 02 is assumed to As in previous ATLAS searches, the GMSB model is decay into τ̃τ or ν̃τ ντ with equal probability, while the probed as a function of Λ and tan β, while the other chargino χ̃  1 is assumed to decay into ν̃τ τ or τ̃ντ with equal parameters are set to Mmes ¼250TeV, N 5 ¼3, signðμÞ¼1, probability. In the last step of the decay chain, τ̃ and ν̃τ are and Cgrav ¼ 1. The choice of tan β influences the nature of assumed to decay into τχ̃ 01 and ντ χ̃ 01 , respectively. All other the NLSP. For large values of tan β, the NLSP is the τ̃1 1 while SUSY particles are kinematically decoupled. The topology of signal events depends on the mass-splitting between the 1 The τ̃1 is the lighter of the two τ-slepton mass eigenstates, gluino and the LSP. The sparticle decay widths are assumed which results from the mixing of the superpartners of the left- and to be small compared to sparticle masses, such that they right-handed τ-leptons (τ̃L , τ̃R ). play no role in the kinematics. 012009-2 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) II. ATLAS DETECTOR Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are used to model both the SUSY signals and SM backgrounds, except for multijet The ATLAS experiment is described in detail in production, which is evaluated from data. Soft pp inter- Ref. [25]. It is a multipurpose detector with a forward- actions (pileup) were included in the simulation using the backward symmetric cylindrical geometry and a solid PYTHIA 8.186 [28] generator with the A2 [29] set of tuned angle2 coverage of nearly 4π. parameters (minimum-bias tune) and MSTW2008LO [30] The inner tracking detector (ID), covering the region parton distribution function (PDF) set. Generated events jηj < 2.5, consists of a silicon pixel detector, a silicon were reweighted such that the hμi distribution of the microstrip detector, and a transition radiation tracker. The simulation matches the one in data. For SM background innermost layer of the pixel detector, the insertable B-layer samples, the interactions between particles and the detector [26], was installed between Run 1 and Run 2 of the LHC. material were simulated [31] using GEANT4 [32] and a The inner detector is surrounded by a thin superconducting detailed description of the ATLAS detector. For signal solenoid providing a 2 T magnetic field, and by a finely samples, a parametrized fast simulation was used to segmented lead/liquid-argon (LAr) electromagnetic calo- describe the energy deposits in the calorimeters [33]. rimeter covering the region jηj < 3.2. A steel/scintillator-tile The W þ jets and Z þ jets (V þ jets) processes were hadronic calorimeter provides coverage in the central region simulated with the SHERPA [34] generator using version jηj < 1.7. The end cap and forward regions, covering the 2.2.1. Matrix elements (ME) were calculated for up to two pseudorapidity range 1.5 < jηj < 4.9, are instrumented with partons at next-to-leading order (NLO) and up to four electromagnetic and hadronic LAr calorimeters, with steel, additional partons at leading order (LO) in perturbative copper, or tungsten as the absorber material. A muon QCD using the OPENLOOPS [35] and COMIX [36] ME spectrometer system incorporating large superconducting generators, respectively. The phase space merging between toroidal air-core magnets surrounds the calorimeters. Three the SHERPA parton shower (PS) [37] and MEs followed the layers of precision wire chambers provide muon tracking ME þ PS@NLO prescription [38]. The NNPDF3.0nnlo coverage in the range jηj < 2.7, while dedicated fast [39] PDF set was used in conjunction with dedicated chambers are used for triggering in the region jηj < 2.4. parton-shower tuning. The inclusive cross sections were The trigger system is composed of two stages [27]. normalized to a next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) cal- The level-1 trigger, implemented with custom hardware, culation [40] in perturbative QCD based on the FEWZ uses information from calorimeters and muon chambers program [41]. An additional WðτνÞ sample is used for to reduce the event rate from 40 MHz to a maximum evaluating systematic uncertainties; this was generated with of 100 kHz. The high-level trigger reduces the data MG5_AMC@NLO v2.2.3 [42] interfaced to PYTHIA 8.186 acquisition rate to about 1 kHz. It is software based and with the A14 tune [43] for the modeling of the PS, runs reconstruction algorithms similar to those used in the hadronization, and underlying event. The ME calculation offline reconstruction. was performed at tree level and includes the emission of up to four additional partons. The PDF set used for the III. DATA AND SIMULATED EVENT SAMPLES generation was NNPDF23LO [44]. For the simulation of tt̄ events, the POWHEG-BOX v2 [45] pffiffiffi consist of pp collisions at a The data used in this analysis generator was used with the CT10 [46] PDF set for the ME center-of-mass energy of s ¼ 13 TeV delivered by the calculation. Electroweak single-top-quark production in the LHC with a 25 ns bunch spacing and recorded by the s-channel, t-channel, and Wt final state was generated ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. The average number of using POWHEG-BOX v1. The PS, hadronization, and under- pp interactions per bunch crossing, hμi, was 13.4 in 2015 lying event were simulated using PYTHIA 6.428 [47] with and 25.1 in 2016. Data quality requirements are applied to the CTEQ6L1 [48] PDF set and the corresponding Perugia ensure that all subdetectors were operating normally, and 2012 tune [49]. Cross sections were calculated at NNLO that LHC beams were in stable collision mode. The in perturbative QCD with resummation of next-to-next- integrated luminosity of the resulting data set is 36.1 fb−1 . to-leading-logarithm (NNLL) soft gluon terms using the TOP++ 2.0 program [50]. 2 Diboson production was simulated using SHERPA 2.2.1 ATLAS uses a right-handed coordinate system with its origin and 2.2.2 with the NNPDF3.0nnlo PDF set. Processes with at the nominal interaction point in the center of the detector and the z axis along the beam pipe. The x axis points from the fully leptonic final states were calculated with up to one interaction point to the center of the LHC ring and the y axis parton for the 4l, 2l þ 2ν samples or no parton for the points upward. Cylindrical coordinates ðr; ϕÞ are used in the 3l þ 1ν samples at NLO and up to three additional partons transverse plane, ϕ being the azimuthal angle around the at LO. Diboson processes with one of the bosons decaying beam pipe. The pseudorapidity is defined in terms of the polar hadronically and the other leptonically were simulated with angle θ as η ¼ − ln tanðθ=2Þ. Rapidity is defined as y ¼ 0.5 ln½ðE þ pz Þ=ðE − pz Þ where E denotes the energy and pz up to one parton for the ZZ or no parton for the WW and represents the momentum component along the z axis. WZ samples at NLO, and up to three additional partons at 012009-3 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) LO. The cross section provided by the generator is used for Muon candidates are reconstructed in the region these samples. jηj < 2.5 from muon spectrometer tracks matching ID The simplified-model signal samples were generated tracks. Muons are required to have pT > 10 GeV and pass using MG5_AMC@NLO v2.2.3 interfaced to PYTHIA medium identification requirements [73], based on the 8.186 with the A14 tune. The ME calculation was per- number of hits in the ID and muon spectrometer, and formed at tree level and includes the emission of up to two the compatibility of the charge-to-momentum ratios mea- additional partons. The PDF set used for the generation was sured in the two detector systems. Events containing poorly NNPDF23LO. The ME-PS matching was performed using reconstructed muons or cosmic-ray muon candidates are the CKKW-L prescription, with a matching scale set to rejected. Details of the electron reconstruction are given in one quarter of the gluino mass. The GMSB signal samples Refs. [74,75]. were generated with the HERWIG++ 2.7.1 [51] generator, Hadronically decaying τ-leptons are reconstructed [76] with CTEQ6L1 PDFs and the UE-EE-5-CTEQ6L1 tune from anti-kt jets within jηj < 2.5 calibrated with a local [52], using input files generated in the SLHA format cluster weighting technique [77]. The τ-lepton candidates with the SPHENO v3.1.12 [53] program. The PS evolution are built frompclusters of calorimeter ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi cells within a cone of was performed using an algorithm described in size ΔRη ≡ ðΔηÞ2 þ ðΔϕÞ2 ¼ 0.2 centered on the jet Refs. [51,54–56]. Signal cross sections were calculated axis. A boosted regression tree is used to calibrate the to next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant, energy of reconstructed τ-leptons. It exploits shower-shape adding the resummation of soft gluon emission at next-to- information from the calorimeter, the track multiplicity, the leading-logarithm accuracy (NLO þ NLL) [57–61]. The amount of pileup, and information from particle-flow nominal cross section and its uncertainty were taken from reconstruction [78] that aims to identify charged and an envelope of cross-section predictions using different neutral hadrons from the τ-lepton decay. The τ-leptons PDF sets and factorization and renormalization scales, as are required to have pT > 20 GeV, and candidates recon- described in Ref. [62]. structed within the transition region between the barrel and end cap calorimeters, 1.37 < jηj < 1.52, are discarded. The IV. EVENT RECONSTRUCTION τ-leptons are required to have either one or three associated tracks, with a charge sum of 1. A boosted-decision-tree This search is based on final states with jets, hadronically discriminant is used to separate jets from τ-leptons. It relies decaying τ-leptons, and missing transverse momentum. In on track variables from the inner detector as well as shower- addition, muons and b-tagged jets are used for background shape variables from the calorimeters. The analysis makes modeling studies, while electrons are only used for the use of loose and medium τ-leptons, corresponding to missing transverse momentum calculation. identification efficiencies of 60% and 55%, respectively, Interaction vertices are reconstructed using inner- for one-track τ-leptons and 50% and 40%, respectively, for detector tracks with transverse momentum pT > 400 MeV three-track τ-leptons. Electrons reconstructed as one-track [63]. Primary vertex candidates are required to have at least τ-leptons are rejected by imposing a pT - and jηj-dependent two P 2associated tracks, and the candidate with the largest requirement on the likelihood identification variable of the pT is defined as the primary vertex. Events without a electron, which provides a constant efficiency of 95% for reconstructed primary vertex are rejected. real τ-leptons, with a rejection factor for electrons ranging Jets are reconstructed using the anti-kt clustering algo- from 30 to 150 depending on the jηj region. Like for jets, rithm [64,65] with a distance parameter R ¼ 0.4. Clusters events with τ-lepton candidates close to inactive calorim- of calorimeter cells [66], calibrated at the electromagnetic eter regions are rejected. energy scale, are used as input. The jet energy is calibrated The missing transverse momentum vector pmiss T , whose using a set of global sequential calibrations [67,68]. Jets magnitude is denoted by Emiss T , is defined as the negative are required to have pT > 20 GeV and jηj < 2.8. A jet- vector sum of the transverse momenta of all identified and vertex-tagging algorithm [69] is used to discriminate hard- calibrated physics objects (electrons, muons, jets, and interaction jets from pileup jets for jets with jηj < 2.4 and τ-leptons) and an additional soft term. The soft term is pT < 60 GeV. Events with jets originating from cosmic constructed from all the tracks with pT > 400 MeV which rays, beam background, or detector noise are rejected [70]. originate from the primary vertex but are not associated Jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) are identified using a with any physics object. This track-based definition makes multivariate algorithm exploiting the long lifetime, high the soft term largely insensitive to pileup [79]. decay multiplicity, hard fragmentation, and large mass of After the reconstruction, an overlap-removal procedure b-hadrons [71]. The b-tagging algorithm identifies b-jets is applied to remove ambiguities in case the same object with an efficiency of approximately 70% in simulated tt̄ is reconstructed by different algorithms. The successive events. The rejection factors for c-jets, hadronically decaying steps of this procedure are summarized in Table I, where τ-leptons, and light-quark or gluon jets are approximately 8, the overlap of reconstructed objects is defined pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi in terms offfi 26 and 440, respectively [72]. the distance between objects ΔRy ≡ ðΔyÞ2 þ ðΔϕÞ2 . 012009-4 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) TABLE I. Overview of the successive steps in the overlap- TABLE II. Summary of the preselection criteria applied in the removal procedure. 1τ and 2τ channels. N jet and N τ are the number of jets and τ-leptons respectively; other variables are defined in the text. Object discarded Object kept Matching condition 1. Loose τ Electron ΔRy < 0.2 Subject of selection 1τ channel 2τ channel 2. Loose τ Muon ΔRy < 0.2 Trigger Emiss T > 180 GeV, pjet T 1 > 120 GeV 3. Electron Muon Shared inner- detector track Jets N jet ≥ 2; pjet T 2 > 25 GeV 4. Jet Electron ΔRy < 0.2 and Multijet events jet ΔϕðpT 1;2 ; pmiss T Þ > 0.4 jet not b-tagged 5. Electron Jet ΔRy < 0.4 τ-leptons Nτ ¼ 1 Nτ ≥ 2 6. Jet Muon ΔRy < 0.2, jet with ≤ 2 tracks and not b-tagged exhibits a Jacobian peak at the W boson mass. 7. Muon Jet ΔRy < 0.4 The transverse mass of various objects is used in this 8. Jet Loose τ ΔRy < 0.2 analysis, most notably the transverse mass of the reconstructed τ-lepton. (ii) The mττT2 variable [80,81], also called stransverse First, loose τ candidates are discarded if they overlap with mass, computed as an electron or muon (steps 1 and 2). If an electron and a muon are reconstructed using the same inner-detector track, mττ ðmax ½mT ðpτ1 ; paT Þ; mT ðpτ2 ; pbT ÞÞ; T2 ¼ min the electron is discarded (step 3). For overlapping light paT þpbT ¼pmiss T leptons (electrons and muons) and jets, the jet is kept in cases where the lepton is likely to result from a heavy- where ða; bÞ refers to two invisible particles that are flavor hadron decay within the jet, otherwise the lepton is assumed to be produced with transverse momentum kept (steps 4–7). Finally, if a jet is also reconstructed as a vectors pa;b T . In this calculation, ða; bÞ are assumed to loose τ-lepton, the jet is discarded (step 8). be massless. The mττ T2 distribution has a kinematic endpoint for processes where massive particles are V. EVENT SELECTION pair-produced, each particle decaying into a τ-lepton and an undetected particle. When more than two A preselection common to the 1τ and 2τ channels is τ-leptons are produced in a decay chain, there is no applied. Events are required to pass the missing transverse way to a priori select the pair leading to the desired momentum trigger with the lowest threshold and no band- characteristic. Therefore, mττT2 is calculated using all width limitation. To select a phase space where the trigger is possible τ-lepton pairs and the largest value is chosen. fully efficient, the offline selection requires Emiss T >180GeV (iii) The scalar sum of the transverse momenta of all and a leading jet with pT >120GeV. Furthermore, an P P jet τ-leptons and jets, HT ¼ i pτTi þ j pT j . additional jet with pT > 25 GeV is required. The two leading jets are required to be separated from pmiss by at Figure 2 shows examples of kinematic distributions after T the preselection and after applying background normali- least 0.4 in ϕ, to reject multijet background where large Emiss T zation factors as described in Sec. VI. The dominant can arise from jet energy mismeasurements. The 1τ channel backgrounds in the 1τ channel are tt̄ production and requires exactly one medium τ-lepton while the 2τ channel WðτνÞ þ jets events, with subdominant contributions from requires at least two medium τ-lepton. The preselection is ZðννÞ þ jets and ZðττÞ þ jets. In the 2τ channel, the summarized in Table II. spectrum is dominated by tt̄, WðτνÞ þ jets and ZðττÞ þ To isolate signatures of potential SUSY processes from jets events. The multijet background does not contribute known SM background, additional kinematic variables are significantly while contributions from the diboson back- utilized: ground are only relevant at high values of mτT1 þ mτT2 . (i) The transverse mass of the system formed by pmissT and the momentum p of a reconstructed object, Multiple phase space regions are then defined. A set of signal regions (SRs) with stringent kinematic requirements qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi and low background contribution is designed to target mT ≡ mT ðp;pmiss T Þ¼ 2pT Emiss T ð1 − cosΔϕðp;pT ÞÞ; miss the different signatures and kinematic configurations of the two SUSY models. A set of control regions (CRs) with T Þ denotes the azimuthal angle be- where Δϕðp; pmiss negligible signal yield is used to constrain the normalization tween the momentum of the reconstructed object and of the dominant backgrounds in phase space regions close to the missing transverse momentum. For events where a the SRs. The determination of background normalization lepton l and the missing transverse momentum both factors and the search for a possible signal are performed originate from a WðlνÞ decay, the mlT distribution simultaneously by fitting a signal-plus-background model to 012009-5 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) (a) (b) FIG. 2. Distributions of (a) the τ-lepton transverse mass mτT in the 1τ channel and (b) the sum of τ-lepton transverse masses mτT1 þ mτT2 in the 2τ channel after the preselection, after applying data-driven normalization factors to the main backgrounds. The last bin includes overflow events. The total uncertainty in the background prediction is shown as a shaded band. The contribution labeled as “Other” includes multijet events and the V þ jets processes not explicitly listed in the legend. Signal predictions are overlaid for several benchmark model points. For the simplified model, LM, MM, and HM refer to low, medium, and high mass-splitting scenarios, with ðmg̃ ; mχ̃ 01 Þ set to (1065,825) GeV, (1625,905) GeV, and (1705,345) GeV, respectively. The GMSB benchmark model corresponds to Λ ¼ 120 TeV and tan β ¼ 40. the data in the CRs and SRs. Validation regions (VRs) are In the 1τ channel, two SRs are defined for the simplified defined in phase space regions between CRs and SRs. The model, as summarized in Table III. The 1τ compressed SR VRs are not included in the fit; they are used to compare the targets small mass differences between the gluino and the fitted background predictions with the observed data in the LSP, up to ≈300 GeV. It exploits topologies where the pair of vicinity of SRs to validate the background extrapolation gluinos recoils against a high-pT jet from initial-state before unblinding the SRs. The CRs, VRs and SRs are radiation (ISR). While τ-leptons and additional jets from mutually exclusive and therefore statistically independent. gluino decays typically have low pT, such ISR events have substantial Emiss T since both LSPs tend to be emitted opposite TABLE III. Summary of the signal region definitions in the 1τ to the ISR jet in the transverse plane. A requirement on the channel. These requirements are applied in addition to the transverse mass is used to suppress WðτνÞ þ jets events as preselection. The variables are defined in the text. well as semileptonic tt̄ events with a τ-lepton in the final state. The 1τ medium-mass SR targets larger mass-splittings, 1τ SRs motivating a more stringent mτT criterion and an HT Subject of selection Compressed Medium mass requirement. τ-leptons 20 < pτT < 45 GeV pτT > 45 GeV These two SRs also provide sensitivity to GMSB signals at low tan β, in cases where only one τ-lepton decays Event kinematics Emiss T > 400 GeV hadronically and is reconstructed within the detector mτT > 80 GeV mτT > 250 GeV acceptance. At high tan β, the 1τ channel is not competitive  HT > 1000 GeV due to the large multiplicity of τ-leptons in signal events. TABLE IV. Summary of the signal region definitions in the 2τ channel. These requirements are applied in addition to the preselection. The variables are defined in the text on the last line of the Compressed SR, High mass SR and GMSB SR, to make it clear that the 7 bins are only relevant for the multibin SR. 2τ SRs Subject of selection Compressed High mass Multibin GMSB Event kinematics mττ T2> 70 GeV mτT1þ mτT2 > 350 GeV mτT1 þ mτT2 > 150 GeV mτT1þ mτT2 > 150 GeV HT < 1100 GeV HT > 1100 GeV H T > 800 GeV H T > 1900 GeV msum T > 1600 GeV  N jet ≥ 3    7 bins in mτT1 þ mτT2  012009-6 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) In the 2τ channel, three SRs are defined for the simplified The τ-leptons selected in the Standard Model background model, as summarized in Table IV. The compressed and events are either prompt leptons from electroweak boson high-mass SRs target signals with small and large mass- decays (true τ-leptons), or reconstructed objects such as jets splittings, respectively. The 2τ multibin SR exploits the that are misidentified as τ-leptons (fake τ-leptons). shape difference between signal and background distribu- Backgrounds that contribute almost exclusively to a single tions, in contrast to the other SRs which only exploit the channel, with only fake or only true τ-leptons, are each total yields. The multibin approach is less model dependent normalized with a single normalization factor. This is the than a single-bin SR designed to probe a narrow part of the case for ZðννÞ þ jets, multijet and ZðττÞ þ jets events. The model parameter space, and it provides increased sensi- associated control regions are named ZðννÞ CR, multijet CR tivity to both small and large mass-splittings. and ZðττÞ CR. For both the WðτνÞ þ jets and tt̄ back- The 2τ compressed SR has a requirement on mττ T2 to grounds, which contribute to both the 1τ and the 2τ SRs with exploit the kinematic endpoint of ZðττÞ þ jets and dilep- different multiplicities of true and fake τ-leptons, three τ1 τ2 tonic tt̄ events. A requirement on msum T ≡ mT þ mT þ normalization factors are used. A normalization factor for P jeti i mT is imposed to take advantage of the large ET true τ-leptons is used to correct for differences in the τ-lepton miss and the high multiplicities of jets and τ-leptons that are reconstruction and identification efficiencies between data expected from gluino decays and the boosted topologies. and simulation. A normalization factor for fake τ-leptons The upper bound on HT allows a combination with the accounts for multiple sources of potential mismodeling in high-mass SR, and does not affect the sensitivity to com- the simulation: the quark/gluon composition of jets mis- pressed signals. The 2τ high-mass SR includes a stringent identified as τ-leptons, the parton shower and hadronization requirement on mτT1 þ mτT2 that reduces the contribution models of the generator, and the modeling of particle shower from ZðττÞ þ jets events. The τ-leptons from high-pT Z shapes in the calorimeter, which mainly depends on the bosons have a small separation in ϕ, which results in low GEANT4 hadronic interaction model and the modeling of the values of mτT1 þ mτT2 given that the τ-neutrinos producing ATLAS detector. An overall normalization factor accounts Emiss T are collimated with the visible decay products of for the modeling of the background kinematics and accep- τ-leptons. An HT requirement is applied to significantly tance, and absorbs the theoretical uncertainties in the cross- reduce background from tt̄ and WðτνÞ þ jets events. The section computation, as well as the experimental uncertain- multibin SR uses looser selection criteria than the high-mass ties in the measured integrated luminosity of the data. The SR, and comprises seven bins in mτT1 þ mτT2 . corresponding CRs are named W=top true-τ CR, W=top A dedicated SR is defined for the GMSB model, based fake-τ CR, and W=top kinematic CR, respectively. The on the high-mass SR. To accommodate the more complex separation between W and top CRs is achieved by requiring production and decay processes and the higher mass reach the absence or presence of a b-tagged jet. in the GMSB model, the minimum mτT1 þ mτT2 requirement, The kinematic CRs require a muon and no τ candidate, to which depends on specific decay topologies, is lowered be independent of the τ-lepton reconstruction and identi- while the minimum HT requirement is raised. The selection fication. An upper bound on mμT is applied to select criteria defining the GMSB SR in the 2τ channel are WðμνÞ þ jets events and top-quark background with a summarized in Table IV. muon in the final state. The true-τ CRs target WðτνÞ þ For the simplified model, the two SRs of the 1τ channel jets and semileptonic top-quark processes with a true τ- can be statistically combined in a simultaneous fit with either the compressed and high-mass SRs of the 2τ channel lepton. They are based on events with a τ-lepton, jets, and or the multibin SR of the 2τ channel, as the multibin SR is Emiss T . Contributions from fake τ-leptons are suppressed by not mutually exclusive to the other 2τ SRs. For each a requirement on mτT . The fake-τ CRs target WðμνÞ þ jets benchmark point in the parameter space, the most sensitive and top-quark processes with a final-state muon, with a jet expected result of these two fits is used. For the GMSB misidentified as a τ-lepton. They use the same baseline interpretation, the 1τ SRs are combined with the 2τ GMSB selection as kinematic CRs, but a τ candidate is required. SR and the 2τ compressed SR. Events with large mμT values are discarded to suppress the top-quark background with a muon and a true τ-lepton. In VI. BACKGROUND ESTIMATION the W fake-τ CR, the invariant mass of the reconstructed τ- lepton and the muon mτμ is required to be large to suppress Events from WðτνÞ þ jets, tt̄ and, to a smaller extent, diboson production are significant backgrounds in all SRs. ZðττÞ events where one of the τ-leptons decays into a Additionally, ZðννÞ þ jets plays a role in the 1τ channel, muon. The ZðννÞ CR requires one τ-lepton, has a lower while ZðττÞ þ jets is an important background in some of bound on mτT to suppress background with real τ-leptons, a the 2τ SRs. Multijet production makes a minor contribution requirement on Emiss T =meff , where meff ¼ H T þ ET , to miss in the 1τ channel. Dedicated control regions are used to reject multijet events, and requirements on the Δϕ sepa- constrain the normalization of all these backgrounds, rations between the missing transverse momentum and the except for diboson processes, which are normalized to highest-pT jet and τ-lepton, to exploit the background their respective theoretical cross sections. topology. The ZðττÞ CR is designed by inverting the 012009-7 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) mτT1 þ mτT2 and HT requirements from the 2τ SRs. This semileptonically and producing high-pT neutrinos. Jet ener- selection requires two medium τ-leptons of opposite gies are then smeared according to the jet energy resolution electric charge and imposes an upper bound on the invariant obtained from simulation and corrected to better describe the mass of the τ-lepton pair to suppress dileptonic top-quark data. The smearing is performed multiple times for each contributions. Both Z CRs employ a veto on b-tagged jets selected event, leading to a large pseudo-data set where Emiss T to suppress contributions from top-quark processes. A originates from resolution effects and which includes an simultaneous fit over all CRs is performed using adequate fraction of jets misidentified as τ-leptons. A HISTFITTER [82] to extract the normalization factors. subtraction is performed to account for the small contami- The multijet background contributes when jets are mis- nation from tt̄ events satisfying this kinematic configuration. identified as τ-leptons and large missing transverse momen- The normalization of the pseudo-data is constrained in the tum is induced by jet energy mismeasurements. This, simultaneous fit using a multijet CR where either of the two together with the very large production cross section, makes leading jets is aligned with pmiss T . it difficult to simulate a sufficient number of multijet events The selection criteria defining the various CRs are with the required accuracy, so this background is estimated summarized in Tables V and VI. Figure 3 illustrates the from data [83]. A data sample with high purity in multijet background modeling in CRs after the fit. The fitted events is selected using single-jet triggers. Events with well- normalization factors do not deviate from unity by more measured jets are retained by applying an upper bound on the than 15% and are compatible with unity within one Emiss significance [19], except for events where the leading standard deviation when considering all systematic T b-tagged jet is aligned with pmiss uncertainties, except for the ZðννÞ þ jets background, T . The latter exception avoids too large of a suppression of high-pT b-hadrons decaying where the normalization factor reaches 1.44  0.29. TABLE V. Summary of the W and top control regions. These requirements are applied in addition to the trigger, jet, and multijet requirements of the preselection. The variables N τ , N jet , N μ , and N b-jet are the number of τ-leptons, jets, muons, and b-tagged jet, respectively; other variables are defined in the text. Subject of selection W=top kinematic CR W=top true-τ CR W=top fake-τ CR τ-leptons Nτ ¼ 0 Nτ ¼ 1 Jets N jet ≥ 3  Muons Nμ ¼ 1 Nμ ¼ 0 Nμ ¼ 1 W=top separation N b-jet ¼ 0= ≥ 1 Event kinematics H T < 800 GeV Emiss T < 300 GeV mμT < 100 GeV mτT < 80 GeV mμT < 100 GeV   mτμ > 60 GeV (W CR) TABLE VI. Summary of the ZðννÞ, ZðττÞ, and multijet control regions. These requirements are applied in addition to the trigger and jet requirements of the preselection. The variables N τ and N μ are the number of τ-leptons, and muons, respectively; qτi is the charge of τ-lepton i; other variables are defined in the text. Subject of selection ZðννÞ CR ZðττÞ CR Multijet CR τ-leptons Nτ ¼ 1 N τ ≥ 2; qτ1 ¼ −qτ2 Nτ ¼ 1 Multijet events jet jet ΔϕðpT 1;2 ; pmiss T Þ > 0.4 ΔϕðpT 1;2 ; pmiss T Þ < 0.3 Muons Nμ ¼ 0   Top suppression N b-jet ¼ 0  Event kinematics H T < 800 GeV  Emiss T < 300 GeV   τ1 τ2 100 ≤ mτT < 200 GeV mT þ mT < 100 GeV τ 100 < mT < 200 GeV Emiss T =meff > 0.3 mT2 < 70 GeV T =meff < 0.2 Emiss Δϕðpjet T ; pT Þ > 2.0 1 miss   ΔϕðpτT1 ; pmiss T Þ > 1.0   012009-8 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) FIG. 3. (a) Scalar sum of transverse momenta of τ-leptons and jets HT in the top true-τ CR, (b) missing transverse momentum Emiss T in the W fake-τ CR, (c) HT in the W kinematic CR, (d) sum of τ-lepton transverse masses mτT1 þ mτT2 in the ZðττÞ CR, (e) HT in the ZðννÞ CR, and (f) Emiss T in the multijet CR, illustrating the background modeling in the CRs after the fit. The contribution labeled as “Other” includes multijet events (except for the multijet CR) and the V þ jets processes not explicitly listed in the legend. The last bin of each distribution includes overflow events. The total uncertainty in the background prediction is shown as a shaded band. 012009-9 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) TABLE VII. Validation regions for the 1τ channel. These requirements are applied in addition to the preselection. The variables are defined in the text. 1τ medium-mass VRs 1τ compressed VRs Subject of selection HT Emiss T mτT Emiss T mτT τ-leptons pτT > 45 GeV 20 < pτT < 45 GeV Event kinematics mτT < 250 GeV mτT > 250 GeV mτT < 80 GeV mτT > 80 GeV Emiss T < 400 GeV Emiss T > 400 GeV Emiss T < 400 GeV Emiss T > 400 GeV Emiss T < 400 GeV HT > 1000 GeV H T < 1000 GeV   TABLE VIII. Validation regions for the 2τ channel. These requirements are applied in addition to the preselection. The variables are defined in the text. Subject of selection 2τW=Top VR ZðττÞ VR W=top separation N b-jet ¼ 0= ≥ 1  Event kinematics H T < 800 GeV H T > 800 GeV mτT1 þ mτT2 > 150 GeV mτT1 þ mτT2 < 150 GeV mττ T2 < 60 GeV Validation regions are used to verify that the background the difference between the two combinations yielding is well modeled after the fit in kinematic regions close to the largest and smallest deviations from the nominal pre- the SRs. In the 1τ channel, three VRs are defined for the diction. Uncertainties due to the resummation and CKKW medium-mass SR and two for the compressed SR, while matching scales for V þ jets samples are found to be three VRs are used for the 2τ channel. Their selection negligible. Additional generator modeling uncertainties criteria are summarized in Tables VII and VIII. The level of are considered for the dominant WðτνÞþjets background. agreement between data and background in the VRs is An uncertainty is derived to cover a mismodeling of illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. Distributions are found to be the HT distribution observed in the W kinematic CR well modeled in both channels. The comparison between (cf. Figure 3(c)). In addition, predictions from SHERPA the numbers of observed events and the predicted back- and MG5_AMC@NLO+PYTHIA8 are compared, and the ground yields is displayed in Fig. 6. Agreement well within difference is taken as a systematic uncertainty. For one standard deviation is observed. the diboson background, which is not normalized to data in the fit, the uncertainty in the cross section is also taken VII. SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES into account. For top quark pair production, uncertainties due to PDF Theoretical and experimental systematic uncertainties are and scale variations are derived using POWHEG+PYTHIA8 and evaluated for all simulated processes. The uncertainties from applied to the nominal predictions from POWHEG+PYTHIA6. theory include PDF, αS and scale uncertainties, and generator Generator modeling uncertainties are assessed from compar- modeling uncertainties. Experimental uncertainties are isons with alternative generator samples. An uncertainty in related to the reconstruction, identification, and calibration the hard-scattering model is evaluated by comparing pre- of final-state objects. Specific uncertainties are evaluated for dictions from MG5_AMC@NLO+HERWIG++ and POWHEG- the multijet background, which is estimated from data. BOX+HERWIG++. An uncertainty due to the parton shower For V þ jets and diboson samples, systematic uncertain- and hadronization models is evaluated by comparing ties related to PDFs, αS , and scales are evaluated using predictions from POWHEG-BOX+PYTHIA6 and POWHEG- alternative weights from the generator. The PDF uncertainty BOX+HERWIG++. An uncertainty due to the ISR modeling is obtained as the standard deviation of the 100 PDF is assessed by varying the POWHEG-BOX parameter which variations from the NNPDF3.0nnlo set. The effect of the controls the transverse momentum of the first additional uncertainty in αS is computed as half the difference resulting parton emission beyond the Born configuration. For the from the αS ¼ 0.119 and αS ¼ 0.117 parametrizations. The small contributions from single-top-quark production and renormalization scale μR and factorization scale μF are varied tt̄ þ V events, uncertainties in the cross sections are taken up and down by a factor of 2 and all combinations are into account. evaluated, except for the ð2μR ; 12 μF Þ and ð12 μR ; 2μF Þ varia- Systematic uncertainties affecting jets arise from the jet tions, which would lead to large logðμR =μF Þ contributions to energy scale [84], jet energy resolution [85], and efficiency the cross section. The scale uncertainty is computed as half corrections for jet-vertex-tagging [69] as well as b-tagging 012009-10 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) FIG. 4. Distributions of (a) τ-lepton transverse mass mτT in the compressed mτT VR, (b) missing transverse momentum Emiss T in the compressed Emiss T VR, (c) mτT in the medium-mass mτT VR, (d) Emiss T in the medium-mass Emiss T VR, and (e) scalar sum of τ-lepton and jet transverse momenta HT in the medium-mass H T VR, illustrating the background modeling in the VRs of the 1τ channel after the fit. The normalization factors obtained in the CRs are applied. The contribution labeled as “Other” includes multijet events and the V þ jets processes not explicitly listed in the legend. The last bin of each distribution includes overflow events. The total uncertainty in the background prediction is shown as a shaded band. 012009-11 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) (a) (b) (c) FIG. 5. (a) Sum of τ-lepton transverse masses mτT1 þ mτT2 in the top VR, (b) scalar sum of τ-lepton and jet transverse momenta HT in the W VR, and (c) mτT1 þ mτT2 in the Z VR, illustrating the background modeling in the VRs of the 2τ channel after the fit. The normalization factors obtained in the CRs are applied. The contribution labeled as “Other” includes multijet events and the V þ jets processes not explicitly listed in the legend. The last bin of each distribution includes overflow events. The total uncertainty in the background prediction is shown as a shaded band. [86]. Jet energy scale uncertainties are mainly determined calibration [87]. The uncertainties in the reconstruction from measurements of the pT balance in the calorimeter in efficiency are estimated by varying parameters in the Z=γ þ jet and multijet events. Remaining uncertainties arise simulation such as the detector material, underlying event, from the relative calibration of forward and central jets, jet and hadronic shower model. Uncertainties in the identifica- flavor composition, pileup, and punch-through for high-pT tion efficiency and in situ energy calibration, which are jets not fully contained in the calorimeters. A set of five derived in ZðττÞ events with a hadronically decaying uncertainties that comprises contributions from both abso- τ-lepton and a muon, arise from the modeling of true- and lute and in situ energy calibrations and which preserves the fake-τ-lepton templates. The uncertainty in the energy dominant correlations in the ðpT ; ηÞ phase space is used. An scale also includes nonclosure of the calibration found in uncertainty in the jet energy resolution is applied to jets in simulation and a single-pion response uncertainty. In the the simulation as a Gaussian energy smearing. case of fake τ-leptons, the misidentification rate in the Systematic uncertainties affecting true τ-leptons are simulation is largely constrained by the fit to data in related to the reconstruction and identification efficiencies, the CRs. The process-dependence of the misidentification the electron rejection efficiency, and the energy scale rate is accounted for by the use of different normalization 012009-12 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) FIG. 6. Number of observed events nobs and predicted background yields in the validation regions npred of the 1τ and 2τ channels. The background predictions are scaled using normalization factors derived in the control regions. The total uncertainty in the background predictions σ tot is shown as a shaded band. The lower panel displays the significance of the deviation of the observed from the expected yield. factors for the various backgrounds. Uncertainties in the events in the input data set satisfying the Emiss T significance extrapolation from the CRs to the VRs and SRs are covered requirement, the jet resolution parametrization used for jet by generator modeling uncertainties. energy smearing, and the tt̄ background subtraction. In the case of signal samples, which undergo fast The uncertainty in the combined 2015 þ 2016 integrated calorimeter simulation, dedicated uncertainties take into luminosity is 2.1%. It is derived, following a methodology account the difference in performance between full and fast similar to that detailed in Ref. [89], from a calibration of the simulation. These uncertainties include nonclosure of the luminosity scale using x-y beam-separation scans per- energy calibration for both the jets and τ-leptons, as well as formed in August 2015 and May 2016. differences in reconstruction and identification efficiencies The impact of the main systematic uncertainties on the for τ-leptons. total background predictions in the SRs of the 1τ and 2τ Systematic uncertainties in the missing transverse channels is summarized in Table IX. These uncertainties momentum originate from uncertainties in the energy are shown after the background fit, assuming that no or momentum calibration of jets, τ-leptons, electrons, signal is present in the CRs. In both channels, generator and muons, which are propagated to the Emiss T calcu- modeling uncertainties for the W þ jets and tt̄ back- lation. Additional uncertainties are related to the calcu- grounds are the largest sources of systematic uncertainty. lation of the track-based soft term. These uncertainties Other dominant uncertainties are jet energy calibration are derived by studying the pT balance between the soft and τ-lepton identification, which contributes more in the term and the hard term composed of all reconstructed 2τ channel. Uncertainties in the b-tagging efficiency and objects, in ZðμμÞ events. Soft-term uncertainties include Emiss T calibration have little impact on background pre- scale uncertainties along the hard-term axis, and reso- dictions, and those affecting electrons and muons are lution uncertainties along and perpendicular to the hard- negligible. term axis [88]. A systematic uncertainty accounts for the modeling of VIII. RESULTS pileup in the simulation, which affects the correlation between the average number of interactions per bunch Kinematic distributions for the SRs of the 1τ and 2τ crossing and the number of reconstructed primary vertices. channels are shown in Figs. 7 and 8, respectively. In The modeling mostly depends on the minimum-bias tune these plots, all selection criteria defining the respective and the longitudinal size of the pp interaction region used SRs are applied, except for the one on the variable which in the simulation. is displayed. Data and fitted background predictions Systematic uncertainties in the small multijet back- are compared, and signal predictions from several bench- ground contribution are due to the limited numbers of mark models are overlaid. Variables providing the most 012009-13 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) TABLE IX. Dominant systematic uncertainties in the total background predictions, for the signal regions of the 1τ (top) and 2τ (bottom) channels after the normalization fit in the control regions. The total systematic uncertainty accounts for other minor contributions not listed in this table. Due to nontrivial correlations between the various sources in the combined fit, the total uncertainty is not identical to the sum in quadrature of the individual components. Source of uncertainty 1τ compressed SR 1τ medium-mass SR Top generator modeling 6% 11% V þ jets generator modeling 7% 5% Jet energy scale and resolution 7% 7% τ-lepton energy scale <1% 2.9% τ-lepton identification 1.5% 3.3% PDFs 1.9% 13% Limited simulation sample size 1.8% 6% Background normalization uncertainty 12% 11% Total 10% 19% Source of uncertainty 2τ compressed SR 2τ high-mass SR 2τ GMSB SR Top generator modeling 31% 18% 14% V þ jets generator modeling 7% 15% 21% Jet energy scale and resolution 15% 9% 5% τ-lepton energy scale 4% 6% 1.7% τ-lepton identification 5% 10% 9% PDFs 2.0% 4% 10% Limited simulation sample size 10% 8% 21% Background normalization uncertainty 13% 13% 13% Total 35% 30% 38% (a) (b) FIG. 7. Distributions of kinematic variables in extended SR selections of the 1τ channel after the fit: (a) τ-lepton transverse mass mτT in the compressed SR without the mτT > 80 GeV requirement and (b) scalar sum of τ-lepton and jet transverse momenta H T in the medium- mass SR without the H T > 1000 GeV requirement. The contribution labeled as “Other” includes multijet events and the V þ jets processes not explicitly listed in the legend. The last bin of each distribution includes overflow events. The total uncertainty in the background prediction is shown as a shaded band. Arrows in the Data/SM ratio indicate bins where the entry is outside the plotted range. The signal region is indicated by the arrow in the upper pane. Signal predictions are overlaid for several benchmark models. For the simplified model, LM, MM and HM refer to low, medium, and high mass-splitting scenarios, with ðmg̃ ; mχ̃ 01 Þ set to (1065,825) GeV, (1625,905) GeV, and (1705,345) GeV, respectively. The GMSB benchmark model corresponds to Λ ¼ 120 TeV and tan β ¼ 40. 012009-14 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) (a) (b) (c) (d) FIG. 8. Distributions of kinematic variables in extended SR selections of the 2τ channel after the fit: (a) sum of transverse masses of τ-leptons and jets msum T in the compressed SR without the msum T > 1600 GeV requirement, (b) scalar sum of transverse momenta of τ-leptons and jets HT in the high-mass SR without the HT > 1100 GeV requirement, (c) sum of transverse masses of τ-leptons mτT1 þ mτT2 in the multibin SR, and (d) HT in the GMSB SR without the H T > 1900 GeV requirement. The contribution labeled as “Other” includes multijet events and the V þ jets processes not explicitly listed in the legend. The last bin of each distribution includes overflow events. The total uncertainty in the background prediction is shown as a shaded band. Arrows in the Data/SM ratio indicate bins where the entry is outside the plotted range. The signal region is indicated by the arrow in the upper pane. Signal predictions are overlaid for several benchmark models. For the simplified model, LM, MM, and HM refer to low, medium, and high mass-splitting scenarios, with ðmg̃ ; mχ̃ 01 Þ set to (1065,825) GeV, (1625,905) GeV, and (1705,345) GeV, respectively. The GMSB benchmark model corresponds to Λ ¼ 120 TeV and tan β ¼ 40. discrimination between signal and background are dis- standard deviations in all bins, no significant impact on the played. The mτT1 þ mτT2 distribution which is used for the result is expected. multibin SR of the 2τ channel is also shown. The numbers of observed events and expected back- Good agreement between data and background expect- ground events in the SRs of the 1τ and 2τ channels are ation is observed. A small discrepancy is observed for reported in Tables X and XI, respectively. In the high-mass mτT < 200 GeV in the 1τ compressed SR [cf. Fig. 7(a)]. and GMSB SRs of the 2τ channel that both require high This region has been studied in detail and no particular HT , a small excess of data with a significance of below 2 problem has been identified. Given that the deviation is standard deviations is observed. Apart from that, no only observed in a restricted region and it is below two significant deviation of data from the SM prediction is 012009-15 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) TABLE X. Number of observed events and predicted back- observed in any of the five single-bin SRs and the seven ground yields in the two signal regions of the 1τ channel. The bins of the multibin SR. Upper limits are set at the background prediction is scaled using normalization factors 95% confidence level (C.L.) on the number of signal derived in the control regions. The numbers in brackets give events, or equivalently, on the signal cross section. the background prediction before application of the fitted The one-sided profile-likelihood-ratio test statistic is used normalization factors. All systematic and statistical uncertainties to assess the probability that the observed data is compatible are included in the quoted uncertainties. The bottom part of the table shows the observed and expected model-independent upper with the background-only and signal-plus-background limits at 95% C.L. on the number of signal events S95 95 hypotheses. Systematic uncertainties are included in the obs and Sexp , respectively, the corresponding observed upper limit on the likelihood function as nuisance parameters with Gaussian visible cross section hσ vis i95 probability densities. Following the standards used for LHC obs , the confidence level observed for the background-only hypothesis CLb , the p0 value, and analyses, p values are computed according to the CLs corresponding significance Z. If the number of observed events prescription [90] using HISTFITTER [82]. is smaller than the expected background yield, the p0 value is set Model-independent upper limits on the event yields are to 0.5, corresponding to a significance of 0.0 standard deviations. calculated for each SR except the multibin SR, assuming no signal contribution in the CRs. No such interpretation can 1τ channel Compressed SR Medium-mass SR be made for the multibin SR, as the relative signal Data 286 12 contribution in each bin of the mτT1 þ mτT2 distribution is Total background [290] 320  32 [15.2] 15.9  3.0 model dependent. The results are derived using profile- Top quarks [66] 77  21 [5.2] 5.8  1.6 likelihood-ratio distributions obtained from pseudoexperi- WðτνÞ þ jets [57] 51  18 [2.4] 2.2  1.7 ments. Upper limits on signal yields are converted into ZðννÞ þ jets [77] 110  24 [1.5] 2.2  0.5 Other V þ jets [52] 45  10 [1.9] 1.7  0.4 limits on the visible cross section (σ vis ) of BSM processes Diboson [28] 28  5 [3.0] 3.0  0.6 by dividing by the integrated luminosity of the data. The Multijet [10.0] 9.2  1.2 [1.24] 1.14  0.14 visible cross section is defined as the product of production cross section, acceptance, and selection efficiency. Results S95 95 obs (Sexp ) 49.5 (64.3þ24.1 −14.9 ) 7.7 (10.0þ4.3 −2.7 ) 95 are summarized at the bottom of Tables X and XI. The hσ vis iobs [fb] 1.37 0.21 observed upper limits on the visible cross section range CLb 0.18 0.24 from 0.18 fb for the compressed SR of the 2τ channel to p0 ðZÞ 0.5 (0.0) 0.5 (0.0) 1.37 fb for the compressed SR of the 1τ channel. TABLE XI. Number of observed events and predicted background yields in the three signal regions of the 2τ channel. The background prediction is scaled using normalization factors derived in the control regions. The numbers in brackets give the background prediction before application of the fitted normalization factors. All systematic and statistical uncertainties are included in the quoted uncertainties. The bottom part of the table shows the observed and expected model-independent upper limits at 95% C.L. on the number of signal events S95 obs and 95 S95 exp , respectively, the corresponding observed upper limit on the visible cross section hσ i vis obs , the confidence level observed for the background-only hypothesis CLb , the p0 value, and corresponding significance (Z). If the number of observed events is smaller than the expected background yield, the p0 value is set to 0.5, corresponding to a significance of 0.0 standard deviations. 2τ channel Compressed SR High-mass SR GMSB SR Data 5 6 4 Total background [4.7] 5.4  1.9 [2.3] 2.3  0.7 [1.5] 1.4  0.5 Top quarks [2.3] 2.9  1.7 [0.9] 1.0  0.5 [0.34] 0.39  0.23 WðτνÞ þ jets [0.5] 0.4þ0.5 −0.4 [0.4] 0.4  0.4 [0.4] 0.4  0.4 ZðττÞ þ jets [0.035] 0.030  0.011 [0.37] 0.32  0.11 [0.33] 0.28  0.10 ZðννÞ þ jets [0.47] 0.67  0.35 [0.065] 0.093  0.028 [0.008] 0.011  0.007 Other V þ jets [0.32] 0.30  0.08 [0.019] 0.015  0.012 [< 0.01] < 0.01 Diboson [1.06] 1.05  0.25 [0.56] 0.56  0.15 [0.29] 0.29  0.08 Multijet [0.0261] 0.0241  0.0031 [0.0131] 0.0121  0.0015 [0.065] 0.060  0.008 S95 95 obs (Sexp ) 6.7 (6.7þ2.8 −1.5 ) þ1.9 9.0 (5.0−1.3 ) 7.3 (4.4þ1.5 −0.9 ) hσ vis i95 obs [fb] 0.18 0.25 0.20 CLb 0.50 0.96 0.95 p0 ðZÞ 0.5 (0.0) 0.03 (1.83) 0.05 (1.68) 012009-16 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) FIG. 9. Exclusion contours at the 95% confidence level as a FIG. 10. Exclusion contours at the 95% confidence level as a function of the LSP mass mχ̃ 01 and gluino mass mg̃ for the function of tan β and the SUSY-breaking mass scale Λ for the simplified model of gluino pair production. The solid line and the gauge-mediated supersymmetry-breaking model. The solid line dashed line correspond to the observed and median expected and the dashed line correspond to the observed and median limits, respectively, for the combination of the 1τ and 2τ expected limits, respectively, for the combination of the 1τ and 2τ channels. The band shows the one-standard-deviation spread channels. The band shows the one-standard-deviation spread of of expected limits around the median. The effect of the signal expected limits around the median. The effect of the signal cross- cross-section uncertainty on the observed limits is shown as section uncertainty on the observed limits is shown as dotted dotted lines. The inward fluctuation of the −1σ line originates lines. The gray and orange dash-dotted lines indicate the masses from the method employed to perform the combination. The of gluinos and mass-degenerate squarks, respectively. The previous ATLAS result [19] obtained with 3.2 fb−1 of 13 TeV previous ATLAS result [19] obtained with 3.2 fb−1 of 13 TeV data is shown as the filled area in the bottom left. data is shown as the filled area on the left. Limits are also set for the two SUSY models discussed in provides increased sensitivity to gluino pair production Sec. I. Exclusion contours at the 95% C.L. are derived in over a large region of the parameter space. the ðmg̃ ; mχ̃ 01 Þ parameter space for the simplified model and Expected limits in the model parameter space are shown in the ðΛ; tan βÞ parameter space for the GMSB model. In for each channel, to illustrate their complementarity and the the case of model-dependent interpretations, the signal gain in sensitivity achieved with their combination. The contribution in the control regions is included in the green dash-dotted line corresponds to a fit that includes all calculation of upper limits, and asymptotic properties of CRs and the two SRs of the 1τ channel. For the 2τ channel, test-statistic distributions are used [91]. Results are shown in the case of the simplified model, the magenta dash- in Figs. 9 and 10. The solid line and the dashed line dotted line corresponds to the best expected exclusion from correspond to the observed and median expected limits, fits that include either the 2τ multibin SR or the combi- respectively. The band shows the one-standard-deviation nation of the 2τ compressed and high-mass SRs. In the spread of the expected limits around the median, which GMSB model, the 2τ combination is based on the 2τ originates from statistical and systematic uncertainties in GMSB and compressed SRs. In the simplified model, the the background and signal. The theoretical uncertainty in 1τ and 2τ channels have similar sensitivity at high gluino the signal cross section is not included in the band. Its effect and low LSP masses. For high LSP masses, the combina- on the observed limits is shown separately as dotted lines. tion is dominated by the 2τ channel, while in the region For both SUSY models, the exclusion limits obtained with with a low mass difference between the gluino and the LSP, pffiffiffi 36.1 fb−1 of collision data at s ¼ 13 TeV significantly the 1τ channel drives the exclusion. In the GMSB inter- improve upon the previous ATLAS results [19] established pretation, the more stringent limits at high values of tan β with 3.2 fb−1 of 13 TeV data. Besides the increase in the are explained by the nature of the NLSP, which is the integrated luminosity, the results benefit from an improved lightest τ-slepton in this region. For lower values of tan β, analysis and statistical treatment. The 1τ and 2τ channels the τ̃1 is nearly mass-degenerate with ẽR and μ̃R , leading to are now statistically combined in a global fit, while in the fewer τ-leptons in squark and gluino decays, and reduced previous analysis, only the SR with the lowest expected sensitivity of the 2τ GMSB SR. The weaker exclusion at CLs value was considered for the simplified model, and low tan β is mitigated by the SRs from the 1τ channel and only the 2τ GMSB SR was used for the GMSB interpre- the compressed SR of the 2τ channel. For high Λ, the tation. In addition, the multibin SR of the 2τ channel sensitivity is limited by the strong-production cross section. 012009-17 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) While the analysis is mainly sensitive to squark and gluino CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; production, the total GMSB production cross section for COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and high Λ is dominated by electroweak production modes. VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, IX. CONCLUSION Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and A search for squarks and gluinos in events with jets, Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, hadronically decaying τ-leptons, and missing transverse pffiffiffi Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, momentum is performed using pp collision data at s ¼ Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015 MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, and 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, 36.1 fb−1 . Two channels with exactly one or at least two Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South τ-leptons are considered, and their results are statistically Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, combined. The observed data are consistent with back- Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, ground expectations from the Standard Model. Upper limits Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United are set at 95% confidence level on the number of events that Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In could be produced by processes beyond the Standard Model. addition, individual groups and members have received Results are also interpreted in the framework of a simplified support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, model of gluino pairs decaying into τ-leptons via τ-sleptons, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation and a minimal model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 breaking with the lighter τ-slepton as the NLSP at large tan β. and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; At 95% C.L. in the simplified model, gluino masses up to Investissements d’Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Région 2000 GeVare excluded for low LSP masses, and LSP masses Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG up to 1000 GeV are excluded for gluino masses around and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and 1400 GeV. In the GMSB model, values of the SUSY- Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek breaking scale Λ below 110 TeV are excluded at 95% C.L. NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; for all values of tan β in the range 2 ≤ tan β ≤ 60, while a CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat stronger limit of 120 TeV is achieved for tan β > 30. Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all ACKNOWLEDGMENTS WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC- without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. 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Watkins,21 A. T. Watson,21 M. F. Watson,21 G. Watts,145 S. Watts,98 B. M. Waugh,92 A. F. Webb,11 S. Webb,97 C. Weber,180 M. S. Weber,20 S. A. Weber,33 S. M. Weber,59a J. S. Webster,6 A. R. Weidberg,131 B. Weinert,63 J. Weingarten,51 M. Weirich,97 C. Weiser,50 P. S. Wells,35 T. Wenaus,29 T. Wengler,35 S. Wenig,35 N. Wermes,24 M. D. Werner,76 P. Werner,35 M. Wessels,59a T. D. Weston,20 K. Whalen,127 N. L. Whallon,145 A. M. Wharton,87 A. S. White,103 A. White,8 M. J. White,1 R. White,144b D. Whiteson,168 B. W. Whitmore,87 012009-28 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) F. J. Wickens,141 W. Wiedenmann,178 M. Wielers,141 C. Wiglesworth,39 L. A. M. Wiik-Fuchs,50 A. Wildauer,113 F. Wilk,98 H. G. Wilkens,35 L. J. Wilkins,91 H. H. Williams,133 S. Williams,31 C. Willis,104 S. Willocq,100 J. A. Wilson,21 I. Wingerter-Seez,5 E. Winkels,153 F. Winklmeier,127 O. J. Winston,153 B. T. Winter,24 M. Wittgen,150 M. Wobisch,93 A. Wolf,97 T. M. H. Wolf,118 R. Wolff,99 M. W. Wolter,82 H. Wolters,136a,136c V. W. S. Wong,172 N. L. Woods,143 S. D. Worm,21 B. K. Wosiek,82 K. W. Woźniak,82 K. Wraight,55 M. Wu,36 S. L. Wu,178 X. Wu,52 Y. Wu,58a T. R. Wyatt,98 B. M. Wynne,48 S. Xella,39 Z. Xi,103 L. Xia,175 D. Xu,15a H. Xu,58a,q L. Xu,29 T. Xu,142 W. Xu,103 B. Yabsley,154 S. Yacoob,32a K. Yajima,129 D. P. Yallup,92 D. Yamaguchi,162 Y. Yamaguchi,162 A. Yamamoto,79 T. Yamanaka,160 F. Yamane,80 M. Yamatani,160 T. Yamazaki,160 Y. Yamazaki,80 Z. Yan,25 H. J. Yang,58c,58d H. T. Yang,18 S. Yang,75 Y. Yang,160 Z. Yang,17 W-M. Yao,18 Y. C. Yap,44 Y. Yasu,79 E. Yatsenko,58c,58d J. Ye,41 S. Ye,29 I. Yeletskikh,77 E. Yigitbasi,25 E. Yildirim,97 K. Yorita,176 K. Yoshihara,133 C. J. S. Young,35 C. Young,150 J. Yu,8 J. Yu,76 X. Yue,59a S. P. Y. Yuen,24 I. Yusuff,31,yy B. Zabinski,82 G. Zacharis,10 E. Zaffaroni,52 R. Zaidan,14 A. M. Zaitsev,140,nn N. Zakharchuk,44 J. Zalieckas,17 S. Zambito,57 D. Zanzi,35 D. R. Zaripovas,55 S. V. Zeißner,45 C. Zeitnitz,179 G. Zemaityte,131 J. C. Zeng,170 Q. Zeng,150 O. Zenin,140 D. Zerwas,128 M. Zgubič,131 D. F. Zhang,58b D. Zhang,103 F. Zhang,178 G. Zhang,58a,xx H. Zhang,15c J. Zhang,6 L. Zhang,50 L. Zhang,58a M. Zhang,170 P. Zhang,15c R. Zhang,58a,q R. Zhang,24 X. Zhang,58b Y. Zhang,15d Z. Zhang,128 P. Zhao,47 X. Zhao,41 Y. Zhao,58b,128,z Z. Zhao,58a A. Zhemchugov,77 B. Zhou,103 C. Zhou,178 L. Zhou,41 M. S. Zhou,15d M. Zhou,152 N. Zhou,58c Y. Zhou,7 C. G. Zhu,58b H. L. Zhu,58a H. Zhu,15a J. Zhu,103 Y. Zhu,58a X. Zhuang,15a K. Zhukov,108 V. Zhulanov,120b,120a A. Zibell,174 D. Zieminska,63 N. I. Zimine,77 S. Zimmermann,50 Z. Zinonos,113 M. Zinser,97 M. Ziolkowski,148 G. Zobernig,178 A. Zoccoli,23b,23a K. Zoch,51 T. G. Zorbas,146 R. Zou,36 M. Zur Nedden,19 and L. Zwalinski35 (ATLAS Collaboration) 1 Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 2 Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, New York, USA 3 Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 4a Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 4b Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey 4c Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey 5 LAPP, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy, France 6 High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA 7 Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA 8 Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA 9 Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 10 Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece 11 Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA 12a Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey 12b Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey 12c Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey 12d Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey 13 Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan 14 Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain 15a Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 15b Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 15c Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 15d University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, China 16 Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 17 Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 18 Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA 19 Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany 20 Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 21 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 22 Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogota, Colombia 012009-29 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) 23a Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 23b INFN Sezione di Bologna, Italy 24 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany 25 Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 26 Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA 27a Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania 27b Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania 27c Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania 27d National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 27e University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania 27f West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania 28a Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 28b Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic 29 Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA 30 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 31 Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 32a Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 32b Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa 32c School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa 33 Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 34a Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies—Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco 34b Centre National de l’Energie des Sciences Techniques Nucleaires (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco 34c Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Morocco 34d Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco 34e Faculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco 35 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 36 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA 37 LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France 38 Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, New York, USA 39 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 40a Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy 40b INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy 41 Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA 42 Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA 43a Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden 43b Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden 44 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany 45 Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany 46 Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 47 Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA 48 SUPA—School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 49 INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy 50 Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany 51 II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 52 Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland 53a Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy 53b INFN Sezione di Genova, Italy 54 II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany 55 SUPA—School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom 56 LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France 57 Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 58a Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China 58b Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, China 012009-30 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) 58c School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, KLPPAC-MoE, SKLPPC, Shanghai, China 58d Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China 59a Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 59b Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 60 Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan 61a Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China 61b Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China 61c Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China 62 Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 63 Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA 64a INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy 64b ICTP, Trieste, Italy 64c Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy 65a INFN Sezione di Lecce, Italy 65b Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy 66a INFN Sezione di Milano, Italy 66b Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy 67a INFN Sezione di Napoli, Italy 67b Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy 68a INFN Sezione di Pavia, Italy 68b Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy 69a INFN Sezione di Pisa, Italy 69b Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy 70a INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy 70b Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy 71a INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy 71b Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy 72a INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Italy 72b Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy 73a INFN-TIFPA, Italy 73b Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy 74 Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria 75 University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA 76 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA 77 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia 78a Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil 78b Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 78c Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei, Brazil 78d Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 79 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan 80 Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 81a AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland 81b Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland 82 Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland 83 Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 84 Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan 85 Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 86 Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina 87 Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom 88 Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom 89 Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 90 School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom 91 Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom 92 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom 012009-31 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) 93 Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA 94 Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden 95 Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France 96 Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 97 Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany 98 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom 99 CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France 100 Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA 101 Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 102 School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 103 Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 104 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA 105 B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus 106 Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk, Belarus 107 Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 108 P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 109 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia 110 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia 111 D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 112 Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany 113 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany 114 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan 115 Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan 116 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA 117 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands 118 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands 119 Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA 120a Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 120b Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk, Russia 121 Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York, USA 122 The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 123 Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan 124 Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA 125 Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA 126 Palacký University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc, Czech Republic 127 Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA 128 LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 129 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 130 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 131 Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom 132 LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France 133 Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 134 Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, PNPI, St. Petersburg, Russia 135 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 136a Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP, Portugal 136b Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 136c Departamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 136d Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 136e Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal 136f Departamento de Física Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain), Spain 136g Dep Física and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal 137 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic 138 Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 139 Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic 012009-32 SEARCH FOR SQUARKS AND GLUINOS IN FINAL … PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) 140 State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, NRC KI, Protvino, Russia 141 Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom 142 IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 143 Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA 144a Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 144b Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile 145 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 146 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom 147 Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan 148 Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany 149 Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada 150 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California, USA 151 Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 152 Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA 153 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom 154 School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 155 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 156a E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 156b High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 157 Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 158 Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 159 Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 160 International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 161 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan 162 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan 163 Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 164 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 165a TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 165b Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 166 Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan 167 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA 168 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA 169 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden 170 Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA 171 Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia—CSIC, Valencia, Spain 172 Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 173 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada 174 Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany 175 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom 176 Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan 177 Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 178 Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 179 Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany 180 Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 181 Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia a Deceased. b Also at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom. c Also at Istanbul University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, Turkey. d Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan. e Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. f Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. g Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno, California, USA. h Also at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. i Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. j Also at Tomsk State University, Tomsk, and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia. 012009-33 M. AABOUD et al. PHYS. REV. D 99, 012009 (2019) k Also at The Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter (CICQM), Beijing, China. l Also at Universita di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy. m Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Canada. n Also at II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. o Also at Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy. p Also at Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania. q Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France. r Also at Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia. s Also at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, USA. t Also at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece. u Also at Centre for High Performance Computing, CSIR Campus, Rosebank, Cape Town, South Africa. v Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA. w Also at California State University, East Bay, USA. x Also at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. y Also at Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. z Also at LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France. aa Also at Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. bb Also at Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. cc Also at Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands. dd Also at Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin, Turkey. ee Also at Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. ff Also at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. gg Also at Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. hh Also at Manhattan College, New York, New York, USA. ii Also at Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece. jj Also at LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France. kk Also at The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA. ll Also at Departamento de Física Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain), Spain. mm Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento, California, USA. nn Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia. oo Also at Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. pp Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. qq Also at School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. rr Also at Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. ss Also at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. tt Also at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia. uu Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary. vv Also at Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun, Turkey. ww Also at Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. xx Also at Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. yy Also at Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 012009-34