PHYSICAL REVIEW D 100, 052013 (2019) Search for a heavy charged boson in events with a charged pffiffi lepton and missing transverse momentum from pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector G. Aad et al.* (ATLAS Collaboration) (Received 14 June 2019; published 23 September 2019) A search for a heavy charged-boson resonance decaying into a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a pffiffiffi neutrino is reported. A data sample of 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at s ¼ 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2015–2018 is used in the search. The observed transverse mass distribution computed from the lepton and missing transverse momenta is consistent with the distribution expected from the Standard Model, and upper limits on the cross section for pp → W 0 → lν are extracted (l ¼ e or μ). These vary between 1.3 pb and 0.05 fb depending on the resonance mass in the range between 0.15 and 7.0 TeV at 95% confidence level for the electron and muon channels combined. Gauge bosons with a mass below 6.0 and 5.1 TeV are excluded in the electron and muon channels, respectively, in a model with a resonance that has couplings to fermions identical to those of the Standard Model W boson. Cross- section limits are also provided for resonances with several fixed Γ=m values in the range between 1% and 15%. Model-independent limits are derived in single-bin signal regions defined by a varying minimum transverse mass threshold. The resulting visible cross-section upper limits range between 4.6 (15) pb and 22 (22) ab as the threshold increases from 130 (110) GeV to 5.1 (5.1) TeV in the electron (muon) channel. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.052013 I. INTRODUCTION dimensions [4,5], most of which aim to solve the hierarchy problem. The interpretation in this article uses a simplified One of the main goals of the Large Hadron Collider model referred to as the sequential Standard Model (SSM) (LHC) remains the search for physics beyond the Standard [6], in which the W 0 boson couples to fermions with the Model (SM). Much progress has been made in this search same strength as the W boson in the SM but with thanks to a broad program that encompasses many different suppressed coupling to SM bosons. Alternative interpre- final states. Leptonic final states provide a low-background tations in terms of generic resonances with different fixed and efficient experimental signature that brings excellent widths (Γ=m between 1% and 15%) are also provided for sensitivity to new phenomena at the LHC. In this article, the possible reinterpretation in the context of other models. results of a search for resonances decaying into a charged Finally, results are also presented in terms of model- lepton and a neutrino are presented, based on 139 fb−1 of independent upper limits on the number of signal events proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of and on the visible cross section. 13 TeV. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector Previous searches for W 0 bosons have been carried out at during the 2015–2018 running period of the LHC, referred the LHC in leptonic, semileptonic, and hadronic final states to as Run 2. by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations. The most sensi- The search results are interpreted in terms of the tive searches for W 0 bosons are those in the eν and μν production of a heavy spin-1 W 0 boson with subsequent channels [7,8], with the most stringent limits to date being decay into the lν final state (l ¼ e or μ). Such production −1 is predicted in many models of physics beyond the SM as in set by ATLAS and pffiffiffiCMS in the analysis of about 36 fb of pp collisions at s ¼ 13 TeV. A lower limit of 5.2 TeV is grand unified theory models, left-right symmetry models set on the W 0 boson mass in the electron channel [7] and [1,2], little Higgs models [3], or models with extra 4.9 TeV in the muon channel [8], at the 95% confidence level (C.L.) in the SSM. * Full author list given at the end of the article. The search relies on events collected using single- electron or single-muon triggers with high transverse Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of momentum thresholds. The dominant background source the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to originates from Drell-Yan (DY) production of W bosons. the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, Discrimination between signal and background events and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3. relies on the transverse mass ðmT Þ computed from the 2470-0010=2019=100(5)=052013(29) 052013-1 © 2019 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration G. AAD et al. PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) charged-lepton transverse momentum ðpT Þ and the missing triggering. A two-level trigger system [13] is used to select transverse momentum (whose magnitude is denoted Emiss T ) events. The first-level trigger is implemented in hardware in the event: and uses a subset of the detector information to reduce the qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi accepted rate to at most 100 kHz. This is followed by a software-based trigger level that reduces the accepted event mT ¼ 2pT Emiss T ð1 − cos ϕlν Þ; rate to 1 kHz on average. where ϕlν is the angle between the charged lepton and III. DATA AND MONTE CARLO missing transverse momentum directions in the transverse SIMULATION SAMPLES plane.1 Final interpreted results are based on a statistical analysis in which the shape of the signal and both the shape The data for pffiffiffi the analysis were collected during Run 2 at and normalization of the background expectations are the LHC at s ¼ 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated derived from Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, except for luminosity of 139 fb−1 after the requirement that beams the background contribution arising from jets misidentified were stable, all detector systems were functional, and the as leptons or from hadron decays. The results presented in data satisfied a set of quality criteria. Single-electron this article compared with those from Ref. [7] benefit from triggers required that electron candidates satisfy either an increase in the integrated luminosity by a factor of 4; medium identification criteria [9] and have a transverse several upgrades in reconstruction software, including a energy ET > 60 GeV or loose identification criteria and new algorithm for electron reconstruction [9] and an have ET > 140 GeV. For the 3.2 fb−1 collected in 2015, improved treatment of the relative alignment between the the ET thresholds were 24 and 120 GeV, respectively. inner tracker and the muon spectrometer; and several Single-muon triggers required the presence of at least one interpretations with reduced or no model dependence. muon reconstructed in both the inner detector and the muon spectrometer with pT > 50 GeV. The trigger efficiency for II. ATLAS DETECTOR DY W boson events (relative to the full event selection described in Sec. IV) is estimated to be 99% in the electron The ATLAS experiment [10] at the LHC is a multipur- channel and 85% in the muon channel, with little depend- pose particle detector with a forward-backward symmetric ence on the mT value. cylindrical geometry and a near 4π coverage in solid angle. Signal MC events with W 0 → eν and W 0 → μν decays in It consists of an inner detector for tracking surrounded the SSM were produced at leading order (LO) with the by a thin superconducting solenoid providing a 2T axial PYTHIA v8.183 event generator [14] and the NNPDF23LO magnetic field, electromagnetic (EM) and hadronic calo- parton distribution function (PDF) set [15]. The A14 set of rimeters, and a muon spectrometer. The inner detector tuned parameters (i.e., the A14 tune) [16] was used for the covers the pseudorapidity range jηj < 2.5. It consists of parton showering and hadronization process. In the SSM, silicon pixel, silicon microstrip, and transition radiation the couplings of the W 0 boson to SM fermions are chosen to tracking detectors. An additional innermost pixel layer be identical to those of the SM W boson, whereas the [11,12] inserted at a radius of 3.3 cm has been used since couplings to SM bosons are set to zero. The corresponding 2015. Liquid-argon (LAr) sampling calorimeters provide branching fraction for W 0 boson decays into leptons of one EM energy measurements with high granularity. A had- generation is 10.8% for mðW 0 Þ ¼ 150 GeV and decreases ronic scintillator-tile calorimeter covers the central pseu- above the tb threshold to a nearly constant value of 8.2% dorapidity range (jηj < 1.7). The end cap and forward for mðW 0 Þ above 1 TeV. Similarly, the ratio of the W 0 boson regions are instrumented with LAr calorimeters for both the width to its mass varies from 2.7% for mðW 0 Þ ¼ 150 GeV EM and hadronic energy measurements up to jηj ¼ 4.9. to 3.5% above the tb threshold. Decays into the τν final The muon spectrometer surrounds the calorimeters and state with subsequent leptonic decay of the τ lepton are not features three large air-core toroidal superconducting mag- included as they were found to add negligible signal net systems with eight coils each. The field integral of acceptance in previous studies [17]. Interference between the toroids ranges between 2.0 and 6.0 Tm across most of W 0 and W boson production is not included in this analysis. the detector. The muon spectrometer includes a system The dominant background due to DY production of W of precision tracking chambers and fast detectors for bosons decaying into eν, μν, and τν final states was simulated at next-to-leading order (NLO) with the 1 ATLAS uses a right-handed coordinate system with its origin POWHEG-BOX v2 event generator [18–21] using the at the nominal interaction point (IP) in the center of the detector CT10 PDF set [22]. Background events from DY produc- and the z axis along the beam pipe. The x axis points from the IP to tion of Z=γ  bosons decaying into ee, μμ, and ττ final states the center of the LHC ring, and the y axis points upwards. Cylindrical coordinates ðr; ϕÞ are used in the transverse plane, were also simulated with the same event generator and PDF ϕ being the azimuthal angle around the z axis. The pseudorapidity set. In both cases, PYTHIA v8.186 was used for the parton is defined in terms of the polar angle θ as p η¼ − ln tanðθ=2Þ.ffi ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi showering and hadronization process with the AZNLO Angular distance is measured in units of ΔR ≡ ðΔηÞ2 þ ðΔϕÞ2 . tune [23]. The DY processes were generated separately in 052013-2 SEARCH FOR A HEAVY CHARGED BOSON IN EVENTS … PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) different lν or ll mass ranges to guarantee that sufficiently (pileup). The detector response was simulated with GEANT large numbers of events remain after event selection in the 4 [46,47], and the events were processed with the same full mass range relevant to the analysis. Cross sections reconstruction software as for the data. Energy/momentum calculated by POWHEG-BOX for both DY processes were scale and efficiency corrections are applied to the results of corrected via mass-dependent K factors to account for the simulation to account for small differences between the QCD effects at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) and simulation and the performance measured directly from the electroweak (EW) effects at NLO. The QCD corrections data [9,48]. were computed with VRAP v0.9 [24] and the CT14 NNLO PDF set [25]. These corrections increased the cross section IV. EVENT RECONSTRUCTION AND SELECTION by about 5% for mlν ¼ 1 TeV and 15% for mlν ¼ 6 TeV. The analysis relies on the reconstruction and identifica- The EW corrections were computed with MCSANC [26] in tion of electrons and muons, as well as the missing the case of QED effects due to initial-state radiation, transverse momentum in each event. Collision vertices interference between initial- and final-state radiation, and are reconstructed with inner detector tracks that satisfy Sudakov logarithm single-loop corrections. These correc- pT > 0.5 GeV, and the primary vertex is chosen as the tions were added to the NNLO QCD cross-section pre- vertex with the largest Σp2T for the tracks associated with diction in the so-called additive approach (see Sec. VI) the vertex. because of a lack of calculations of mixed QCD and EW Electron candidates are reconstructed by matching inner terms. As a result, the cross section decreased by about detector tracks to clusters of energy deposited in the EM 10% for mlν ¼ 1 TeV and 20% for mlν ¼ 6 TeV. The calorimeter. Electrons must lie within jηj < 2.47, excluding effects due to QED final-state radiation were already the barrel–end cap transition region defined by 1.37 < included in the event generation using PHOTOS++ [27]. jηj < 1.52, and satisfy calorimeter energy cluster quality The QCD corrections based on VRAP and the CT14 NNLO criteria. The cluster must have ET > 65 GeV, and the PDF set were also applied to the signal samples. No associated track must have a transverse impact parameter electroweak corrections, beyond those already accounted significance relative to the beam axis jd0 j=σ d0 < 5. for with PHOTOS++, were applied to the signal samples as Successful candidates are identified with a likelihood those are model dependent. method and need to satisfy the tight identification criteria Additional background sources from diboson (WW, WZ, [9]. The likelihood relies on the shape of the EM shower and ZZ) production were simulated with the SHERPA v2.2.1 measured in the calorimeter, the quality of the track event generator [28] and the NNPDF30 NNLO PDF set reconstruction, and the quality of the match between the [29]. These processes were computed at NLO for up to one track and the cluster. To suppress electron candidates additional parton and at LO for up to three partons. The originating from photon conversions, hadron decays, or production of top-quark pairs and single top quarks (in the s jets misidentified as electrons (hereafter referred to as fake and Wt channels) was performed at NLO with POWHEG- electrons), electron candidates are required to satisfy the BOX [30–32] and the NNPDF30 NLO PDF set interfaced gradient isolation criteria [9] based on both tracking and with PYTHIA v8.183 and the A14 tune. Single top-quark calorimeter measurements. The reconstruction and identi- production in the t channel was performed in the same way fication efficiency rises from approximately 80% at pT ¼ except for the use of the NNPDF3.04f NLO PDF set. The 60 GeV to 90% above 500 GeV, and the isolation effi- cross sections used to normalize the diboson MC samples ciency is slightly higher than 99% for pT values above are computed with SHERPA, and the top-quark pair cross 200 GeV. The electron energy resolution for ET > 1 TeV section is taken to be 832þ46 −52 pb for a top-quark mass of can be characterized by σðEÞ=E ¼ ce, with ce varying 172.5 GeV. This value is calculated at NNLO in QCD, between 0.007 and 0.012 [9] in the range jηj < 1.2 which including the summation of next-to-next-to-leading loga- dominates the high-mass part of the search. The corre- rithmic soft gluon terms, with Top++2.0 [33–39]. A sponding mT resolution ranges from approximately 1.3% at correction depending on the top-quark pT value is applied mT values near 2 TeV to 1.0% near 6 TeV. to account for shape effects due to NNLO QCD and NLO Muon candidates are reconstructed by matching inner EW corrections according to Ref. [40]. The cross sections detector tracks with muon spectrometer tracks and by for single top-quark production are computed at approxi- reconstructing a final track combining the measurements mate NNLO accuracy [41–43]. from both detector systems while taking the energy loss in For all MC samples, except those produced with the calorimeter into account. The candidates must satisfy SHERPA, b-hadron and c-hadron decays were handled by quality selection criteria optimized for high-pT perfor- EVTGEN v1.2.0 [44]. Inelastic pp events generated using mance [48] by requiring the candidate tracks to have PYTHIA v8.186 with the A3 tune [45] and the NNPDF23LO associated measurements in the three different chamber PDF set were added to the hard-scattering interaction in layers of the muon spectrometer. The tracks must also have such a way as to reproduce the effects of additional pp consistent charge-to-momentum ratio measurements in the interactions in each bunch crossing during data collection inner detector and muon spectrometer, have sufficiently 052013-3 G. AAD et al. PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) small relative uncertainty in the charge-to-momentum ratios for the combined tracks, and be located in detector 108 ATLAS W’ (3 TeV) Data regions with high-quality chamber alignment. Candidates 107 W’ (4 TeV) W s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 W’ (5 TeV) must have jηj < 2.5, pT > 55 GeV, jd0 j=σ d0 < 3, and W’ → eν selection W’ (6 TeV) Top quark 106 jz0 j sin θ < 0.5 mm, where z0 is the longitudinal impact Multijet Z/ γ * parameter relative to the primary vertex. The reconstruction 105 Diboson and identification efficiency is 69% for pT ¼ 1 TeV and 104 Events decreases to 57% for pT ¼ 2.5 TeV. Muon candidates from 103 hadron decays are suppressed by imposing a track-based isolation [48] that achieves an efficiency higher than 99% 102 for the full pT range of interest. The muon pT resolution at 10 pT > 1 TeV can be described as σðpT Þ=pT ¼ cμ pT , with 1 cμ varying between 0.08 and 0.20 TeV−1 depending on the −1 10 detector region [48]. This resolution dominates the mT resolution in the muon channel. 1.4 Data / Bkg Jets are reconstructed from topological clusters of energy 1.2 1 deposits in calorimeter cells [49] with the anti-kt clustering 0.8 0.6 algorithm [50] implemented in FASTJET [51]. A radius 1.4 Data / Bkg (post-fit) parameter R equal to 0.4 is used, and the clusters are 1.2 1 calibrated at the EM scale [52]. Jets are required to have 0.8 0.6 pT > 20 (30) GeV for jηj smaller (greater) than 2.4. To 200 300 1000 2000 remove jets originating from pileup, jet-vertex tagging is Transverse mass [GeV] applied [53]. The event’s missing transverse momentum is computed 108 ATLAS W’ (3 TeV) Data W’ (4 TeV) W as the vectorial sum of the transverse momenta of leptons, 7 s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 W’ (5 TeV) 10 W’ (6 TeV) Top quark W’ → μν selection photons, and jets. The overlap between these is resolved Z/ γ * 106 Diboson according to Ref. [54]. Electrons and muons must pass the 105 Multijet selection requirements described above. In addition to the above particles and jets, the Emiss calculation includes a soft 104 Events T term [54] accounting for the contribution from tracks 103 associated with the primary vertex but not associated with 102 leptons, converted photons, or jets already included in the 10 Emiss T calculation. Events are required to have a primary vertex. They are 1 rejected if any of the jets fail to pass a cleaning procedure 10 −1 designed to suppress noncollision background and calo- 1.4 Data / Bkg rimeter noise [55]. 1.2 In the electron channel, events must have exactly one 1 0.8 electron passing the selection described above. Events are 0.6 1.4 Data / Bkg vetoed if they contain any additional electron candidate (post-fit) 1.2 satisfying the medium selection criteria and having 1 0.8 pT > 20 GeV. Events are also vetoed if they contain 0.6 200 300 1000 2000 any muon candidate satisfying the medium selection Transverse mass [GeV] criteria and having pT > 20 GeV. The missing transverse momentum must satisfy Emiss T > 65 GeV, and the trans- FIG. 1. Distributions of the transverse mass for data and verse mass must satisfy mT > 130 GeV. In the muon predicted background events in the electron (top) and muon channel, events must have exactly one selected muon as (bottom) channels. Expected signal distributions for several SSM detailed above, and the same veto on additional electron W 0 boson masses are shown stacked on top of the total expected and muon candidates is applied, except that electron background. The middle panels show ratios of the number of events observed in the data to the expected total background candidates close to the muon (ΔR < 0.1) are assumed to count, while the lower panels show the same ratio when taking arise from photon radiation from the muon and are thus not into account the pulls on the nuisance parameters observed in the considered as additional electron candidates. Events are statistical analysis (Sec. VII). The hatched bands represent the required to satisfy Emiss T > 55 GeV and mT > 110 GeV in total uncertainty in the background estimate (Sec. VI). Arrows in the muon channel. The event selection described above the middle and lower panels for the electron channel indicate data defines the signal regions in the electron and muon points that lie outside the vertical axis range. 052013-4 SEARCH FOR A HEAVY CHARGED BOSON IN EVENTS … PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) channels. In these regions, the acceptance times efficiency channels as well as for the diboson background in the for W 0 signal events decreases from 79% (52%) to 64% electron channel. Function f bkg2 is the nominal function for (44%) as the W 0 boson mass increases from 2 to 7 TeV in the diboson background in the muon channel. In all cases, the electron (muon) channel. The decrease at high mðW 0 Þ checks are performed to guarantee that the function is generally due to the combined effect of a growing low- reproduces the event yields at lower mT values and that mass tail at larger mðW 0 Þ and the kinematic selection its cumulative distribution (starting from the highest mT thresholds. In the case of the muon channel, it also values) is consistent with the small integrated event yields originates from a decrease in the identification efficiency available in the MC samples. at higher pT values due to the requirements on the charge- The background contribution from events with fake to-momentum measurement. electrons or muons mostly originates from multijet pro- duction and is extracted from the data using the same V. BACKGROUND ESTIMATION matrix method as used in previous analyses and described AND EVENT YIELDS in Ref. [58]. This method relies on data samples in which the electron or muon selection is loosened (referred to as The background from DY production of W and Z=γ  the loose selection). The efficiency for those lepton bosons as well as from top-quark pair, single top quark, and candidates to pass the nominal lepton selection (tight) is diboson production is modeled with the MC samples measured to derive an estimate of the background from fake described in Sec. III. To compensate for the limited number leptons. The loose selection is close to that applied by the of events at high mT , the smoothly falling mT distributions trigger requirements. The fraction f of fake leptons passing for top-quark (corresponding to both pair and single the loose selection that also pass the nominal lepton production) and diboson samples are fitted and extrapolated selection is estimated from the data in background-enriched to high mT with the following functions commonly used in control regions that are orthogonal to the signal regions. dijet searches (e.g., Refs. [56,57]): These control regions are built by requiring that there are no c logðmT Þ Z → ll candidates formed by combining the selected f bkg1 ðmT Þ ¼ e−a mbT mT and lepton with a loose lepton in the event and that the Emiss T a value is less than 60 (55) GeV in the electron (muon) f bkg2 ðmT Þ ¼ : ð1Þ ðmT þ bÞc channel. Additional requirements are placed on the mini- mum impact parameter, the presence of at least one jet, and Function f bkg1 is the nominal extrapolation function for the the proximity of the missing transverse momentum vector top-quark background in both the electron and muon to the lepton in the muon channel to reduce the contribution TABLE I. Number of events in the data and the total expected background passing the full event selection in different mT ranges. Expected numbers of W 0 signal events are provided for several different masses. The uncertainties include both statistical and systematic sources of uncertainty. Electron channel mT [GeV] 130–400 400–600 600–1000 1000–2000 2000–3000 3000–10 000 Data 3 538 403 35 568 7358 818 17 0 Background 3 320 000  250 000 34 800  1500 7200  400 830  80 20.2  3.1 1.3  0.5 W0 (2 TeV) 574  22 720  40 2190  120 12200  600 1130  290 3.20  0.25 W0 (3 TeV) 68.4  1.9 58.6  2.6 127  7 448  22 860  40 87  23 W0 (4 TeV) 19.6  0.5 13.2  0.5 22.1  1.1 44.3  2.2 49.2  2.3 86  4 W0 (5 TeV) 7.85  0.19 4.99  0.18 7.26  0.35 9.9  0.5 5.82  0.28 13.6  0.7 W0 (6 TeV) 3.76  0.09 2.35  0.08 3.28  0.16 3.82  0.18 1.41  0.07 2.01  0.10 Muon channel mT [GeV] 110–400 400–600 600–1000 1000–2000 2000–3000 3000–10 000 Data 8 751 095 26 225 5393 622 22 2 Background 7 800 000  700 000 25 800  1400 5300  400 570  50 18  4 2.3  0.9 W0 (2 TeV) 490  14 594  26 1680  90 6700  500 1520  210 70  50 W0 (3 TeV) 58.1  1.4 45.5  1.9 102  6 322  31 380  50 160  40 W0 (4 TeV) 16.3  0.4 9.64  0.34 15.9  0.8 32.2  3.4 34  5 44  13 W0 (5 TeV) 6.50  0.15 3.55  0.12 4.98  0.22 6.7  0.6 3.9  0.6 7.2  2.3 W0 (6 TeV) 3.11  0.07 1.67  0.06 2.22  0.10 2.45  0.17 0.88  0.12 1.09  0.35 052013-5 G. AAD et al. PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) from prompt muons. The remaining contributions from efficiencies are derived from studies of Z → μμ and J=ψ → prompt electrons and muons in these control regions are μμ decays in the data [48]. The muon momentum scale and subtracted using MC simulation. The number of jets resolution uncertainties are extracted from those studies as misidentified as leptons (N multijet T ) in the signal regions is well as from special chamber-alignment datasets with the computed as toroidal magnetic field turned off [48]. Extrapolation uncertainties toward higher pT are based on the above f studies as well as on the simulation. The impact of those N multijet ¼ fN F ¼ ½rðN L þ N T Þ − N T ; T r−f uncertainties is generally small due to the limited pT dependence of the efficiencies, except for the high-pT where N F is the number of fake leptons that pass the loose muon reconstruction and identification efficiency. The lepton selection, N L is the number of lepton candidates that latter is estimated from differences between data and pass the loose lepton selection but fail the nominal lepton simulation in the fraction of muons passing the requirement selection, and N T is the number of lepton candidates that on the maximum allowed relative error in the charge- pass the nominal lepton selection. The numbers N L and N T to-momentum ratio measurement. This uncertainty grows are extracted from the signal regions. In addition, the with the muon pT up to 35% (55%) for jηj < 1.05 (>1.05) quantity r, corresponding to the fraction of real leptons at the highest mT values probed in this analysis; it becomes satisfying the nominal selection in the sample of loose a dominant source of uncertainty at the highest mT values. candidates, is computed from the DY W boson MC Uncertainties in the reconstruction and calibration of jets samples. Like for the top-quark and diboson background are taken into account since those are input to the Emiss T sources, the mT distribution is extrapolated to high values calculation. Finally, all uncertainties affecting electrons, by using a function with the same form as in Eq. (1) in the muons, jets, and the soft term are propagated to the EmissT electron channel and the function f multijet ðmT Þ ¼ am−b T in calculation. The jet energy resolution and soft term con- the muon channel. The same set of checks concerning the tributions have the largest impact at low mT, and their quality of the extrapolation are performed as for the top- uncertainties are treated as fully correlated between the quark and diboson backgrounds. electron and muon channels. Uncertainties in the simu- The mT distributions in data and simulation are shown in lation of pileup contributions have little impact on the mT Fig. 1, and the numbers of events in several mT ranges are distribution and are thus neglected. presented in Table I. No event is observed beyond mT The uncertainty in the multijet background estimate values of 10 TeV in either channel. The features observed in includes the effect of varying the criteria used in the these distributions are discussed in Sec. VII. The DY W background-enriched sample selection, and changes in boson contribution dominates the total background with a the fractions f are propagated. As this background estimate fraction varying between approximately 69% (72%) and is extrapolated with a functional fit at high mT values, the 95% (88%) in the electron (muon) channel. Other back- uncertainty includes the additional impact of variations in ground contributions arise mostly from DY Z=γ  boson, the fit range. In the electron channel, the uncertainty also top-quark, and diboson production. The contribution from includes a contribution from the variation of the functional multijet events in the electron channel decreases from form due to the larger multijet contribution at high mT in approximately 10% at the lowest mT values to less than this channel. This extrapolation uncertainty dominates the 5% at high mT , and in the muon channel it is less than 3.2% overall background uncertainty at mT values above 3 TeV (1.7%) for mT values below (above) 600 GeV. in the electron channel. No theory uncertainty is applied to the signal. VI. SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES Uncertainties in the theory inputs used for the background Systematic uncertainties arise from experimental sources estimation are evaluated as follows. One of the largest affecting the lepton reconstruction and identification uncertainties affecting the dominant DY background comes as well as the missing transverse momentum, from the from the use of 90% C.L. eigenvector variations for the data-driven multijet background estimate, from theoretical CT14 NNLO PDF set. This uncertainty range encompasses sources affecting the shape and normalization of back- the predictions based on the ABM12 [59], CT10 [22], ground processes, and from the extrapolation of back- MMHT14 [60], and JR14 [61] PDF sets. It also allows for a ground estimates to high mT values. sufficiently robust range of predictions in the very high Experimental uncertainties in the electron trigger, mass region (i.e., at high Bjorken x). In addition, a reduced reconstruction, identification, and isolation efficiencies set of CT14 NNLO PDF eigenvectors that preserves the are extracted individually from studies of Z → ee and potential mass-dependent shape changes is used in the J=ψ → ee decays in the data using a tag-and-probe method limit-setting procedure. The PDF uncertainty is enlarged in [9]. These studies also yield uncertainties in the electron specific lν mass regions to encompass the DY prediction energy scale and resolution [9]. Uncertainties in the based on the alternative NNPDF30 PDF set if this pre- muon trigger, reconstruction, identification, and isolation diction lies outside the range from the CT14 NNLO 052013-6 SEARCH FOR A HEAVY CHARGED BOSON IN EVENTS … PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) eigenvector variations. A smaller PDF choice uncertainty is The diboson cross-section uncertainty is neglected due to its obtained in the muon channel at high mT values than in the small impact on the analysis. However, the extrapolation electron channel because the significantly worse muon pT uncertainty for the diboson background is included in the resolution causes migration of events from low mT values statistical analysis as it grows to become significant at higher (where the PDF uncertainty is small) to high mT values. mT values. This uncertainty is estimated by varying the The uncertainty in the mass-dependent K factors used to range of mT values over which the fit is performed and by correct the mass distributions to predictions at NNLO changing the functional form. The extrapolation uncertainty accuracy in αs is evaluated by simultaneously varying for the top-quark background is neglected due to its small the renormalization and factorization scales up and down impact. by factors of 2. The largest change (up or down) at each The uncertainty in the integrated luminosity is 1.7% [63]. mass value is then applied as a symmetric scale uncertainty. Table II summarizes the systematic uncertainties for the The EW correction uncertainty is taken to be the difference total background and signal in the electron and muon between the predictions obtained with either the multipli- channels at mT values near 2 and 6 TeV. The values in cative scheme ½ð1 þ δEW Þ × ð1 þ δQCD Þ or the additive Table II correspond to the uncertainties that are incorpo- scheme ð1 þ δEW þ δQCD Þ for the combination of higher- rated as input to the statistical analysis described in order EW (δEW ) and QCD (δQCD ) effects. The DY cross- Sec. VII. Large uncertainties in the background yields section prediction accounts for varying the strong coupling near mT values of 6 TeV are obtained but those have little constant according to αs ðmZ Þ ¼ 0.118  0.002, a variation impact on the statistical analysis due to the small back- that corresponds to a 90% C.L. uncertainty range [25] that ground expectation at such high mT values (e.g., the nevertheless has a small impact on the analysis. Although number of background events for mT > 5.1 TeV is 0.02 the tt̄ cross-section uncertainty is only about 6% [62] and in the electron channel and 0.11 in the muon channel). the corresponding impact on the total background is small, it is accounted for in the statistical analysis due the character- VII. RESULTS istic mT distribution shape for this background source. An mT -dependent uncertainty in the tt̄ shape is also included. The mT distributions in the electron and muon channels It corresponds to the remaining level of disagreement (Fig. 1) provide the input data to the statistical analysis. between the data and the simulation after the correction This analysis proceeds as a multibin counting experiment described in Sec. III. This uncertainty is evaluated in a with a likelihood accounting for the Poisson probability to control region consisting of events with both an electron and observe a number of events in data given the expected a muon candidate, which is a region dominated by tt̄ events. number of background and signal events in each bin. TABLE II. Systematic uncertainties in the expected number of events for the total background and for a W 0 boson with a mass of 2 (6) TeV. The uncertainties are estimated with the binning shown in Fig. 1 at mT ¼ 2 (6) TeV for the background and in a three-bin window around mT ¼ 2 (6) TeV for the signal. Uncertainties that are not applicable are denoted “N/A,” and “negl.” means that the uncertainty is not included in the statistical analysis because its impact on the result is negligible at any mT value. Small uncertainties that appear in the table (e.g., those listed as <0.5%) are not negligible at mT values lower than 2 TeV and are thus listed. Sources of uncertainty not included in the table are neglected in the statistical analysis. Electron channel Muon channel Background Signal Background Signal Source mT ¼ 2ð6Þ TeV mT ¼ 2ð6Þ TeV mT ¼ 2ð6Þ TeV mT ¼ 2ð6Þ TeV Trigger negl. (negl.) negl. (negl.) 1.1% (1.0%) 1.2% (1.2%) Lepton reconstruction and identification 4.1% (1.4%) 4.3% (4.3%) 8.9% (37%) 6.6% (38%) Lepton momentum scale and resolution 3.9% (2.7%) 2.7% (4.5%) 12% (47%) 13% (20%) Emiss T resolution and scale <0.5% (<0.5%) <0.5% (<0.5%) <0.5% (<0.5%) <0.5% (<0.5%) Jet energy resolution <0.5% (<0.5%) <0.5% (<0.5%) <0.5% (0.6%) <0.5% (<0.5%) Multijet background 4.4% (420%) N/A (N/A) 0.8% (1.5%) N/A (N/A) Top-quark background 0.8% (1.9%) N/A (N/A) 0.7% (<0.5%) N/A (N/A) Diboson extrapolation 1.5% (47%) N/A (N/A) 1.3% (9.7%) N/A (N/A) PDF choice for DY 1.0% (10%) N/A (N/A) <0.5% (1.0%) N/A (N/A) PDF variation for DY 8.1% (13%) N/A (N/A) 7.4% (14%) N/A (N/A) EW corrections for DY 4.2% (4.5%) N/A (N/A) 3.7% (7.0%) N/A (N/A) Luminosity 1.6% (1.1%) 1.7% (1.7%) 1.7% (1.7%) 1.7% (1.7%) Total 12% (430%) 5.4% (6.4%) 17% (62%) 15% (43%) 052013-7 G. AAD et al. PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) 10 The uncertainties are taken into account via nuisance ATLAS parameters implemented as log-normal constraints on the Expected limit 1 s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 expected event yields. The parameter of interest is the cross W’ → eν Expected ± 1σ σ(pp→W’→eν) [pb] section σðpp → W 0 → lνÞ. The combined fits to the 95% CL Expected ± 2σ electron and muon channels are performed taking correla- 10−1 tions between the two channels into account. Observed limit The compatibility of the observed data with the back- 10−2 SSM ground-only model is tested by computing a frequentist p value based on the profile likelihood ratio as the test 10−3 statistic [64]. The p value corresponds to the probability for the background to yield an excess equal to or larger 10−4 than that observed in data. In the electron channel, the lowest p value is obtained for mðW 0 Þ ¼ 625 GeV with a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 local significance of 2.8 standard deviations, correspond- m(W’) [TeV] ing to a global significance of 1.3 standard deviations when taking the look-elsewhere effect into account. In the muon channel, the lowest p value is obtained for mðW 0 Þ ¼ 10 200 GeV with local and global significances of 2.1 and ATLAS Expected limit 0.4 standard deviations, respectively. For the combination 1 s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 of the two channels, the lowest p value occurs for W’ → μν Expected ± 1σ σ(pp→W’→μν) [pb] mðW 0 Þ ¼ 625 GeV with local significance of 1.8 standard 10−1 95% CL Expected ± 2σ deviations, and the corresponding global significance is Observed limit −0.5 standard deviations (i.e., the fluctuation in the data is −2 10 SSM smaller than the median of the distribution obtained with background-only pseudoexperiments). In all cases, the interpretation is performed in the context of the SSM. 10−3 Given that no significant deviation from the back- ground expectation is observed, upper limits are set on 10−4 σðpp → W 0 → lνÞ following a Bayesian approach with a uniform and positive prior for the cross section. This 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 choice of prior is the same as that used in previous m(W’) [TeV] searches [7,8]. The marginalization of the posterior probability is performed using Markov chain sampling 10 with the Bayesian Analysis Toolkit [65]. Upper limits set ATLAS at the 95% C.L. in the context of the SSM are presented in Expected limit 1 s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 Fig. 2 for the electron and muon channels individually as W’ → lν Expected ± 1σ σ(pp→W’→lν) [pb] well as for their combination, assuming universal W 0 95% CL Expected ± 2σ boson couplings to leptons. The combined results are 10−1 provided in terms of W 0 boson decays into leptons of a Observed limit single generation. The corresponding lower limits on the 10−2 SSM W 0 boson mass are summarized in Table III. Weaker limits are obtained in the muon channel due to the lower signal 10−3 acceptance times efficiency and the worse momentum resolution at high pT . 10−4 The lower panels of Fig. 1 show the ratio of the data to the background prediction before (middle panel) and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 after (lower panel) marginalization of the nuisance param- m(W’) [TeV] eters, with the latter resulting from the combined fit to the electron and muon channels. A difference in event yields is FIG. 2. Observed and expected upper limits at the 95% observed at low mT values for both the electron and muon C.L. on the pp → W 0 → lν cross section in the electron channels, although it remains within the range of uncer- (top), muon (middle), and combined (bottom) channels as a function of W 0 mass in the sequential Standard Model. The tainty before marginalization. This difference decreases dashed lines surrounding the SSM cross-section curve (solid after marginalization, with the largest deviations from line) correspond to the combination of PDF, αs , renor- nominal values occurring for the jet energy resolution malization, and factorization scale uncertainties (for illustration and Emiss T track soft term nuisance parameters. The latter only). 052013-8 SEARCH FOR A HEAVY CHARGED BOSON IN EVENTS … PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) TABLE III. Observed and expected 95% C.L. lower limits on integrated luminosity. The visible cross section corresponds the W 0 mass in the electron and muon channels and their to the product of cross section times acceptance times combination for the sequential Standard Model. efficiency and the observed 95% C.L. upper limits vary mðW 0 Þ lower limit [TeV] T ¼ 130 (110) GeV to 22 (22) ab at from 4.6 (15) pb at mmin Decay Observed Expected W 0 → eν 6.0 5.7 10 W 0 → μν 5.1 5.1 ATLAS Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.15 s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.10 W 0 → lν 6.0 5.8 1 W’ → eν Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.05 σ(pp→W’→eν) [pb] Observed limits at 95% CL Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.02 −1 10 meν > 0.3 m(W’) Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.01 includes a significant model dependence found by compar- −2 ing the predictions from the POWHEG-BOX, MADGRAPH5_ 10 aMC@NLO [66], and SHERPA event generators, with the first two interfaced with PYTHIA 8 for parton showering and 10−3 hadronization. The results displayed in Fig. 2 are obtained with the full 10−4 signal line shape from the SSM with no interference between the W 0 signal and the SM DY background. If 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 the signal line shape is restricted to the W 0 peak region by m(W’) [TeV] the requirement mlν > 0.85 × mðW 0 Þ, the interference 10 effects in the low-mass tail of the distributions are largely ATLAS Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.15 suppressed and the observed (expected) mass limits s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 1 Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.10 become weaker by 270 (100) GeV in the electron channel W’ → μν Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.05 σ(pp→W’→μν) [pb] and 30 (90) GeV in the muon channel, relative to the Observed limits at 95% CL Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.02 −1 mass limits shown in Table III. The mlν > 0.85 × mðW 0 Þ 10 mμν > 0.3 m(W’) Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.01 requirement is applied at the event generator level, con- sidering charged leptons before final-state radiation. 10−2 Limits are provided for the production of a generic resonance with a fixed Γ=m value. For these results, 10−3 fiducial cross-section limits are obtained with a requirement that removes the low-mass tail: mlν > 0.3 × mðW 0 Þ. The 10−4 region below 0.3 × mðW 0 Þ coincides with the lower-mT region where the background is large and the sensitivity to 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 signal contributions is reduced. The observed 95% C.L. m(W’) [TeV] upper limits on the fiducial cross section for pp → W 0 → 10 lν with different choices of Γ=m from 1% to 15% are ATLAS Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.15 shown in Fig. 3. Less stringent limits are obtained for larger s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.10 1 resonance widths since a larger fraction of the signal occurs W’ → lν Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.05 σ(pp→W’→lν) [pb] in the low-mT tail where the background is higher. The Observed limits at 95% CL Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.02 10−1 mlν > 0.3 m(W’) cross-section upper limits obtained in the fiducial region are Γ(W’) / m(W’) = 0.01 lower than the ones obtained in the full phase space, in particular at high mðW 0 Þ where the total cross section has a 10−2 large contribution from outside the fiducial region due to the low-mT tail. The lower values of the cross-section limits 10−3 do not indicate that the fiducial limits exclude a broader set of models, as corresponding theoretical predictions are also 10−4 lower in the fiducial than in the total phase space. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 To facilitate further interpretations of the results, model- independent upper limits are also provided for the number of m(W’) [TeV] signal events N sig in single-bin signal regions obtained by FIG. 3. Observed upper limits at the 95% C.L. on the fiducial varying the minimum mT value mmin T in the range between cross section for pp → W 0 → lν in the electron (top), muon 130 (110) GeVand 5127 (5127) GeV in the electron (muon) (middle), and combined (bottom) channels as a function of W 0 channel. These limits are translated into limits on the visible mass for a number of different choices of ΓðW 0 Þ=mðW 0 Þ ranging cross section σ vis computed as N sig =L, where L is the between 1% and 15%. 052013-9 G. AAD et al. PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) 10 The observed mT distributions are found to be consistent ATLAS Expected limit with the background expectations, and upper limits are set s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 1 W’ → eν selection Expected ± 1σ on the cross section for pp → W 0 → lν, where the charged 95% CL lepton is either an electron or a muon. Limits are also 10−1 mT > mmin Expected ± 2σ provided for the combination of the electron and muon σvis [pb] channels. Lower limits of 6.0 and 5.1 TeV on the W 0 boson T Observed limit 10−2 mass are set at 95% C.L. in the electron and muon channels, respectively, in the context of the sequential Standard 10−3 Model. Fiducial cross-section limits are set on the pro- 10−4 duction of resonances with different Γ=m values ranging from 1% to 15%. To allow for further interpretations of the 10−5 results, a set of model-independent upper limits are 0 1 2 3 4 5 presented for the number of signal events and for the mmin T [TeV] visible cross section above a given transverse mass thresh- T ¼ 130 (110) GeV old. These vary from 4.6 (15) pb at mmin min 10 ATLAS to 22 (22) ab at high mT in the electron (muon) channel. Expected limit s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 1 W’ → μν selection Expected ± 1σ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 95% CL 10−1 Expected ± 2σ We thank CERN for the very successful operation of mT > mmin σvis [pb] T the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions Observed limit 10−2 without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, 10−3 Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, 10−4 Brazil; NSERC, NRC, and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST, and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, 10−5 0 1 2 3 4 5 Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR, and VSC CR, Czech mmin T [TeV] Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, FIG. 4. Observed and expected model-independent upper limits HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong at the 95% C.L. on the visible cross section in the electron (top) Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, and muon (bottom) channels as a function of the mT threshold Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, mmin T . The limits are obtained at discrete mT min values and are Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; connected by a straight line for illustration purposes. FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, high mmin T in the electron (muon) channel as shown in Fig. 4. Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Further details about these model-independent limits are Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, available in the Appendix. Sweden; SERI, SNSF, and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United VIII. CONCLUSION Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received A search for a heavy resonance decaying into a charged support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC, and Compute lepton and a neutrino is carried out in events with an isolated Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and electron or muon and missing transverse momentum. Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Thepffiffidata ffi sample corresponds to 139 fb−1 of pp collisions Investissements d’ Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; at s ¼ 13 TeV collected in 2015–2018 with the ATLAS DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and detector at the LHC. Events are selected with single-electron Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek and single-muon triggers, and the transverse mass computed NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA from the lepton pT and the missing transverse momentum Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal is used as the discriminating variable between signal and Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial background contributions. The latter is dominated by Drell- computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged Yan production of W bosons. Monte Carlo simulation is gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 used to estimate the normalization and shape of the mT facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, distributions for signal and background events, except for the Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), multijet background, which is derived from the data. INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), 052013-10 SEARCH FOR A HEAVY CHARGED BOSON IN EVENTS … PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK), and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 regions defined by the minimum mT value mmin T in the facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource range between 130 (110) GeV and 5127 (5127) GeV, in providers. Major contributors of computing resources are the electron (muon) channel. These minimum values listed in Ref. [67]. correspond to the bin boundaries of the mT distributions shown in Fig. 1. The single-bin signal regions are defined APPENDIX in Tables IV and V. These tables also show the numbers of Model-independent upper limits are derived by apply- events observed in data and the expected numbers of ing the full event selection in a set of single-bin signal background events. TABLE IV. Observed and expected electron-channel model-independent limits at 95% C.L. on the number of signal events N sig and corresponding visible cross section σ vis after full event selection for different mT thresholds mmin T . Also shown are the ingredients to the limit calculation, namely the number of observed events, the expected number of background events b, and the corresponding uncertainty Δb. Upper limit at 95% C.L. mmin T [GeV] N obs b Δb N obs sig N exp sig σ obs vis [pb] σ exp vis [pb] 130 3582164 3360000 250000 6.4 × 105 4.6 × 105 4.6 3.3 139 3018934 2850000 200000 5.1 × 105 3.8 × 105 3.7 2.7 149 2345269 2240000 150000 3.6 × 105 2.8 × 105 2.6 2.0 159 1784938 1720000 110000 2.5 × 105 2.0 × 105 1.8 1.4 170 1352988 1310000 80000 1.7 × 105 1.4 × 105 1.3 1.0 182 1028353 1000000 60000 1.2 × 105 1.1 × 105 0.90 0.76 194 784509 770000 40000 9.1 × 104 7.7 × 104 0.66 0.55 208 599989 588000 31000 6.7 × 104 5.8 × 104 0.48 0.42 222 459843 451000 23000 5.0 × 104 4.4 × 104 0.36 0.31 237 352825 347000 18000 3.8 × 104 3.4 × 104 0.27 0.24 254 270299 267000 14000 2.9 × 104 2.6 × 104 0.21 0.19 271 207728 204000 11000 2.3 × 104 2.0 × 104 0.16 0.15 290 159319 157000 8000 1.7 × 104 1.6 × 104 0.13 0.11 310 122150 120000 6000 1.4 × 104 1.2 × 104 0.10 0.088 331 93335 92000 5000 1.1 × 104 9.5 × 103 0.078 0.069 354 71416 70000 4000 8.6 × 103 7.4 × 103 0.062 0.053 379 54642 53500 3100 6.6 × 103 5.8 × 103 0.048 0.042 405 41745 40800 2400 5.3 × 103 4.5 × 103 0.038 0.033 433 31792 31100 1900 4.1 × 103 3.6 × 103 0.030 0.026 463 24257 23600 1500 3.3 × 103 2.8 × 103 0.023 0.020 495 18484 18000 1200 2.6 × 103 2.2 × 103 0.019 0.016 529 13937 13600 900 1.9 × 103 1.7 × 103 0.014 0.012 565 10548 10300 700 1.5 × 103 1.3 × 103 0.011 0.0096 604 7938 7800 500 1.1 × 103 1.0 × 103 0.0080 0.0074 646 5926 5900 400 7.8 × 102 8.0 × 102 0.0056 0.0057 691 4469 4470 330 6.2 × 102 6.2 × 102 0.0044 0.0044 739 3342 3360 250 4.6 × 102 4.8 × 102 0.0033 0.0034 790 2499 2510 190 3.6 × 102 3.7 × 102 0.0026 0.0026 844 1876 1850 140 3.0 × 102 2.8 × 102 0.0022 0.0020 902 1358 1370 110 2.1 × 102 2.2 × 102 0.0015 0.0016 965 1021 1010 80 1.8 × 102 1.7 × 102 0.0013 0.0012 1031 727 740 60 1.2 × 102 1.3 × 102 0.00088 0.00093 1103 495 540 50 74 1.0 × 102 0.00053 0.00072 1179 354 390 40 56 78 0.00040 0.00056 1260 260 278 27 48 60 0.00035 0.00043 1347 175 198 20 33 47 0.00024 0.00034 1441 113 140 15 21 37 0.00015 0.00027 (Table continued) 052013-11 G. AAD et al. PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) TABLE IV. (Continued) Upper limit at 95% C.L. mmin T [GeV] N obs b Δb N obs sig N exp sig σ obs vis [pb] σ exp vis [pb] 1540 74 98 11 16 29 0.00011 0.00021 1647 55 68 8 15 24 0.00011 0.00017 1760 39 46 6 14 19 9.9 × 10−5 0.00013 1882 23 31 5 9.6 15 6.9 × 10−5 0.00011 2012 17 20.9 3.4 9.4 12 6.8 × 10−5 8.9 × 10−5 2151 8 13.7 2.5 6.0 10 4.3 × 10−5 7.4 × 10−5 2300 1 8.9 1.8 3.4 8.4 2.4 × 10−5 6.1 × 10−5 2458 0 5.7 1.4 3.0 7.3 2.2 × 10−5 5.2 × 10−5 2628 0 3.6 1.0 3.0 5.3 2.2 × 10−5 3.8 × 10−5 2810 0 2.2 0.8 3.0 4.9 2.2 × 10−5 3.5 × 10−5 3004 0 1.3 0.6 3.0 4.1 2.2 × 10−5 2.9 × 10−5 3212 0 0.8 0.5 3.0 4.2 2.2 × 10−5 3.1 × 10−5 3434 0 0.5 0.4 3.0 3.0 2.2 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 3671 0 0.28 0.28 3.0 3.0 2.2 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 3924 0 0.16 0.22 3.0 3.0 2.2 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 4196 0 0.09 0.17 3.0 3.0 2.2 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 4485 0 0.05 0.13 3.0 3.0 2.2 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 4795 0 0.03 0.10 3.0 3.0 2.2 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 5127 0 0.02 0.08 3.0 3.0 2.2 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 TABLE V. Observed and expected muon-channel model-independent limits at 95% C.L. on the number of signal events N sig and corresponding visible cross section σ vis after full event selection for different mT thresholds mmin T . Also shown are the ingredients to the limit calculation, namely the number of observed events, the expected number of background events b, and the corresponding uncertainty Δb. Upper limit at 95% C.L. mmin T [GeV] N obs b Δb N obs sig N exp sig σ obs vis [pb] σ exp vis [pb] 110 8783359 7800000 700000 2.1 × 106 1.3 × 106 15 9.1 120 6589361 5900000 500000 1.5 × 106 9.8 × 105 11 7.0 130 4353441 3900000 400000 9.9 × 105 6.5 × 105 7.1 4.7 141 2820607 2590000 220000 5.9 × 105 4.1 × 105 4.3 2.9 154 1840357 1720000 140000 3.5 × 105 2.5 × 105 2.5 1.8 167 1227452 1160000 80000 2.0 × 105 1.5 × 105 1.5 1.1 182 837724 800000 50000 1.2 × 105 9.3 × 104 0.88 0.67 197 581304 562000 32000 7.5 × 104 6.0 × 104 0.54 0.43 215 409019 398000 21000 4.8 × 104 4.0 × 104 0.35 0.29 233 289557 284000 15000 3.2 × 104 2.8 × 104 0.23 0.20 254 206096 202000 10000 2.3 × 104 2.0 × 104 0.16 0.14 276 146653 144000 7000 1.6 × 104 1.4 × 104 0.12 0.10 300 104516 103000 5000 1.1 × 104 1.0 × 104 0.083 0.073 326 74371 73000 4000 8.3 × 103 7.4 × 103 0.059 0.053 354 52871 52100 2900 6.1 × 103 5.5 × 103 0.044 0.039 385 37630 37100 2200 4.5 × 103 4.1 × 103 0.032 0.030 419 26878 26300 1600 3.5 × 103 3.1 × 103 0.025 0.022 455 19035 18700 1200 2.6 × 103 2.3 × 103 0.018 0.017 495 13578 13200 900 2.0 × 103 1.7 × 103 0.014 0.012 (Table continued) 052013-12 SEARCH FOR A HEAVY CHARGED BOSON IN EVENTS … PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) TABLE V. (Continued) Upper limit at 95% C.L. mmin T [GeV] N obs b Δb N obs sig N exp sig σ obs vis [pb] σ exp vis [pb] 538 9565 9400 700 1.4 × 103 1.3 × 103 0.010 0.0093 585 6804 6600 500 1.1 × 103 9.6 × 102 0.0080 0.0069 635 4754 4600 400 8.0 × 102 7.1 × 102 0.0058 0.0051 691 3353 3250 280 6.1 × 102 5.3 × 102 0.0044 0.0038 751 2297 2240 210 4.3 × 102 3.9 × 102 0.0031 0.0028 816 1624 1520 150 3.6 × 102 2.8 × 102 0.0026 0.0020 887 1093 1020 110 2.6 × 102 2.0 × 102 0.0018 0.0014 965 754 700 80 1.9 × 102 1.5 × 102 0.0014 0.0011 1049 517 470 60 1.4 × 102 1.1 × 102 0.0010 0.00078 1140 367 320 40 1.2 × 102 80 0.00086 0.00057 1239 262 215 29 1.0 × 102 60 0.00073 0.00043 1347 166 143 21 64 44 0.00046 0.00032 1465 113 95 15 49 33 0.00035 0.00024 1592 77 63 11 38 26 0.00027 0.00018 1731 48 41 8 25 19 0.00018 0.00014 1882 30 27 6 18 15 0.00013 0.00011 2046 21 18 4 15 13 0.00011 9.0 × 10−5 2224 16 11.4 3.1 14 9.5 0.00010 6.8 × 10−5 2418 8 7.4 2.2 8.6 7.7 6.2 × 10−5 5.5 × 10−5 2628 5 4.7 1.6 6.9 6.9 5.0 × 10−5 5.0 × 10−5 2857 3 3.0 1.1 5.6 5.6 4.1 × 10−5 4.1 × 10−5 3106 2 1.9 0.8 5.0 5.0 3.6 × 10−5 3.6 × 10−5 3377 2 1.2 0.5 5.3 4.1 3.8 × 10−5 2.9 × 10−5 3671 1 0.8 0.4 4.2 4.2 3.1 × 10−5 3.1 × 10−5 3990 1 0.47 0.25 4.4 3.0 3.2 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 4338 1 0.29 0.16 4.5 3.0 3.2 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 4716 1 0.18 0.11 4.6 3.0 3.3 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 5127 0 0.11 0.07 3.0 3.0 2.2 × 10−5 2.2 × 10−5 [1] R. 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Zwalinski36 (ATLAS Collaboration) 1 Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 2 Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, New York, USA 3 Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 4a Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 4b Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey 4c Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey 5 LAPP, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy, France 6 High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA 7 Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA 8 Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA 9 Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 10 Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece 11 Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA 12a Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey 12b Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey 052013-23 G. AAD et al. PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) 12c Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey 12d Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey 13 Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan 14 Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain 15a Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 15b Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 15c Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 15d University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, China 16 Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 17 Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 18 Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA 19 Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany 20 Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 21 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 22 Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogota, Colombia 23a INFN Bologna and Universita’ di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy 23b INFN Sezione di Bologna, Italy 24 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany 25 Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 26 Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA 27a Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania 27b Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania 27c Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania 27d National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 27e University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania 27f West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania 28a Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 28b Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic 29 Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA 30 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 31 California State University, California, USA 32 Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 33a Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 33b Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa 33c School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa 34 Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 35a Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies—Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco 35b Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn-Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco 35c Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Morocco 35d Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco 35e Faculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco 36 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 37 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA 38 LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France 39 Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, New York, USA 40 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 41a Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy 41b INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy 42 Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA 43 Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA 44 National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, Greece 45a Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden 45b Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden 052013-24 SEARCH FOR A HEAVY CHARGED BOSON IN EVENTS … PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) 46 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany 47 Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany 48 Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 49 Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA 50 SUPA—School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 51 INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy 52 Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany 53 II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 54 Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland 55a Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy 55b INFN Sezione di Genova, Italy 56 II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany 57 SUPA—School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom 58 LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France 59 Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 60a Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China 60b Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, China 60c School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, KLPPAC-MoE, SKLPPC, Shanghai, China 60d Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China 61a Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 61b Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 62 Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan 63a Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China 63b Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China 63c Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China 64 Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 65 Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA 66a INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy 66b ICTP, Trieste, Italy 66c Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy 67a INFN Sezione di Lecce, Italy 67b Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy 68a INFN Sezione di Milano, Italy 68b Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy 69a INFN Sezione di Napoli, Italy 69b Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy 70a INFN Sezione di Pavia, Italy 70b Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy 71a INFN Sezione di Pisa, Italy 71b Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy 72a INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy 72b Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy 73a INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy 73b Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy 74a INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Italy 74b Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy 75a INFN-TIFPA, Italy 75b Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy 76 Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria 77 University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA 78 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA 79 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia 80a Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil 80b Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 80c Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei, Brazil 052013-25 G. AAD et al. PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) 80d Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 81 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan 82 Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 83a AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland 83b Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland 84 Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland 85 Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 86 Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan 87 Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 88 Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina 89 Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom 90 Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom 91 Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 92 School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom 93 Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom 94 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom 95 Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA 96 Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden 97 Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France 98 Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 99 Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany 100 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom 101 CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France 102 Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA 103 Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec , Canada 104 School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 105 Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 106 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA 107 B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus 108 Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk, Belarus 109 Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 110 P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 111 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia 112 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia 113 D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 114 Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany 115 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany 116 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan 117 Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan 118 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA 119 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands 120 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands 121 Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA 122a Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and NSU, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 122b Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk, Russia 123 Institute for High Energy Physics of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Protvino, Russia 124 Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York, USA 125 Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan 126 Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 127 Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan 128 Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA 129 Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA 052013-26 SEARCH FOR A HEAVY CHARGED BOSON IN EVENTS … PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) 130 Palacký University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc, Czech Republic 131 Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA 132 LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 133 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 134 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 135 Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom 136 LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France 137 Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 138 Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, PNPI, St. Petersburg, Russia 139 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 140a Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP, Portugal 140b Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 140c Departamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 140d Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 140e Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal 140f Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain 140g Dep Física and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal 141 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic 142 Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 143 Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic 144 Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom 145 IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 146 Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA 147a Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 147b Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile 148 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 149 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom 150 Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan 151 Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany 152 Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby British Columbia, Canada 153 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California, USA 154 Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 155 Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA 156 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom 157 School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 158 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 159a E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 159b High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 160 Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 161 Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 162 Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 163 International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 164 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan 165 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan 166 Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 167 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 168a TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 168b Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 169 Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan 170 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA 171 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA 172 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden 173 Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA 174 Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia—CSIC, Valencia, Spain 175 Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 052013-27 G. AAD et al. PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) 176 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada 177 Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany 178 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom 179 Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan 180 Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 181 Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 182 Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany 183 Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 184 Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia a Deceased. b Also at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom. c Also at Istanbul University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, Turkey. d Also at Instituto de Fisica Teorica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain. e Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. f Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. g Also at Physics Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. h Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno, USA. i Also at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. j Also at Physics Dept, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. k Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. l Also at Tomsk State University, Tomsk, and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia. m Also at The Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter (CICQM), Beijing, China. n Also at Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. o Also at Universita di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy. p Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Canada. q Also at Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. r Also at Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia. s Also at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece. t Also at Department of Physics, California State University, East Bay, USA. u Also at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. v Also at Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. w Also at LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France. x Also at Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. y Also at Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. z Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan. aa Also at Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands. bb Also at Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. cc Also at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. dd Also at Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. ee Also at Manhattan College, New York, New York, USA. ff Also at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. gg Also at Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece. hh Also at The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA. ii Also at Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. jj Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento, USA. kk Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia. ll Also at Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. mm Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. nn Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA. oo Also at School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. pp Also at Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria. qq Also at Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. rr Also at Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. ss Also at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. tt Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France. uu Also at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia. vv Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary. 052013-28 SEARCH FOR A HEAVY CHARGED BOSON IN EVENTS … PHYS. REV. D 100, 052013 (2019) ww Also at Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun, Turkey. xx Also at Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. yy Also at LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France. zz Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. 052013-29