Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6622-x Regular Article - Experimental Physics Measurements √ of W and Z boson production in pp collisions at s = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector ATLAS Collaboration CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Received: 22 October 2018 / Accepted: 22 January 2019 / Published online: 11 February 2019 © CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration 2019 Abstract Measurements of fiducial integrated and differ- with measurements at the additional centre-of-mass energy √ ential cross sections for inclusive W + , W − and Z boson s = 5.02 TeV. production are reported. They are based on 25.0 ± 0.5 pb−1 This paper describes measurements of the production √ of pp collision data at s = 5.02 TeV collected with the cross sections times leptonic branching ratios for the inclu- ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Elec- sive W + → + ν, W − → − ν and Z → + − ( = e, μ) tron and muon decay channels are analysed, and the com- processes. Integrated and differential cross sections are mea- bined W + , W − and Z integrated cross sections are found sured in a fiducial phase space defined by detector accep- to be σW + = 2266 ± 9 (stat) ± 29 (syst) ± 43 (lumi) pb, tance and lepton kinematics. For W ± bosons the decay lepton σW − = 1401 ± 7 (stat) ± 18 (syst) ± 27 (lumi) pb, and charge asymmetry is also determined. All measurements are σ Z = 374.5 ± 3.4 (stat) ± 3.6 (syst) ± 7.0 (lumi) pb, in good performed with pp collision data corresponding to an inte- √ agreement with next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD cross- grated luminosity of 25.0 pb−1 , collected at s = 5.02 TeV section calculations. These measurements serve as references with the ATLAS detector. The data were recorded during the √ for Pb+Pb interactions at the LHC at sNN = 5.02 TeV. autumn of 2015. The peak instantaneous luminosity deliv- ered by the LHC was L = 3.8 × 1032 cm−2 s−1 and the mean number of pp interactions per bunch crossing (hard 1 Introduction scattering and pile-up events) was 1.5. Therefore, this dataset is characterised by a relatively low pile-up contribution as Measurements of W ± and Z boson1 production at hadron compared to the measurements of weak-boson production colliders provide a benchmark for the understanding of quan- performed at higher centre-of-mass energies by ATLAS. tum chromodynamics (QCD) and electroweak (EW) pro- In addition, the measurement of W ± and Z boson pro- √ cesses. Predictions for the differential and fiducial cross duction in pp collisions at the centre-of-mass energy s = sections are available up to next-to-next-to-leading-order 5.02 TeV is an important reference for weak-boson produc- (NNLO) accuracy in QCD and include EW corrections at tion in heavy-ion collisions. The LHC has provided both next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy [1–3]. The rapidity proton–lead ( p+Pb) and lead–lead (Pb+Pb) collisions at the √ distribution of EW boson production is sensitive to the under- centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN = 5.02 TeV. lying QCD dynamics and, in particular, to the parton distri- Published results from the ATLAS and CMS collaborations bution functions (PDFs) which define the initial kinematics are currently available for W ± and Z boson production [8– √ of the hard process. Therefore, measurements of weak-boson 11] in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN = 2.76 TeV and Z boson √ production offer an excellent opportunity to test models of production [12,13] in the p+Pb system at sNN = 5.02 TeV. parton dynamics. The ATLAS, CMS and LHCb collaborations have mea- sured W ± and Z boson production in proton–proton ( pp) √ 2 The ATLAS detector collisions at centre-of-mass energies of s = 7, 8 and 13 TeV [4–7]. These measurements provide precision tests of The ATLAS experiment [14] is a multipurpose particle detec- the QCD theory and PDFs, which can be complemented tor with a forward–backward symmetric cylindrical geome- try.2 It consists of an inner tracking detector surrounded by a 1 Throughout this paper, Z /γ ∗ boson production is referred to as Z boson production. 2 ATLAS uses a right-handed coordinate system with its origin at the  e-mail: atlas.publications@cern.ch nominal interaction point (IP) in the centre of the detector and the z-axis 123 128 Page 2 of 29 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 thin superconducting solenoid, electromagnetic and hadronic based high-level trigger which reduces the event rate to about calorimeters, and a muon spectrometer incorporating three 1 kHz. large superconducting air-core toroid magnets with eight coils each. The inner-detector system (ID) is immersed in a 2 T 3 Simulated event samples axial magnetic field and provides charged-particle tracking in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 2.5. At small radii, a Samples of Monte Carlo (MC) simulated events are used high-granularity silicon pixel detector covers the interaction to evaluate the selection efficiency for signal events and the region and typically provides four measurements per track. contribution of several background processes to the analysed It is followed by the silicon microstrip tracker, which usually dataset. All of the samples are processed with the Geant4- provides eight measurement points per track. These silicon based simulation [16,17] of the ATLAS detector. Dedicated detectors are complemented by a gas-filled straw-tube transi- efficiency and calibration studies with data are used to derive tion radiation tracker, which enables track reconstruction up correction factors to account for residual differences between to |η| = 2.0. The transition radiation tracker also provides experiment and simulation, as is subsequently described. electron identification information based on the fraction of The processes of interest, specifically events containing hits (out of ∼ 35 in total) with an energy deposit above a W ± or Z bosons, were generated with the Powheg-Box threshold indicative of transition radiation. v2 MC program [18] interfaced to the Pythia 8.186 par- The calorimeter system covers the pseudorapidity range ton shower model [19]. The CT10 PDF set [20] was used in |η| < 4.9. Within the region |η| < 3.2, electromagnetic (EM) the matrix element, while the CTEQ6L1 PDF set [21] was calorimetry is provided by high-granularity lead/liquid-argon used with the AZNLO [22] set of generator-parameter val- (LAr) calorimeters, with an additional thin LAr presampler ues (tune) for the modelling of non-perturbative effects in covering |η| < 1.8 to correct for upstream energy-loss fluc- the initial-state parton shower. The Photos++ v3.52 pro- tuations. The EM calorimeter is divided into a barrel sec- gram [23] was used for QED radiation from electroweak tion covering |η| < 1.475 and two endcap sections covering vertices and charged leptons. Samples of top-quark pair (t t¯) 1.375 < |η| < 3.2. For |η| < 2.5 it is divided into three lay- and single-top-quark production were generated with the ers in depth, which are finely segmented in η and φ. Hadronic Powheg-Box v2 generator, which uses NLO matrix ele- calorimetry is provided by a steel/scintillator-tile calorime- ment calculations together with the CT10f4 PDF set [24]. ter, segmented into three barrel structures within |η| < 1.7 Top-quark spin correlations were preserved for all top-quark and two copper/LAr hadronic endcap calorimeters covering processes. The parton shower, fragmentation, and underly- 1.5 < |η| < 3.2. The solid-angle coverage is completed ing event were simulated using Pythia 6.428 [25] with the with forward copper/LAr and tungsten/LAr calorimeter mod- CTEQ6L1 PDF set and the corresponding Perugia 2012 tune ules in 3.1 < |η| < 4.9, optimised for electromagnetic and (P2012) [26]. The top-quark mass was set to 172.5 GeV. The hadronic measurements, respectively. EvtGen v1.2.0 program [27] was used to model bottom and The muon spectrometer (MS) comprises separate trigger charm hadron decays for all versions of Pythia. Diboson and high-precision tracking chambers measuring the deflec- processes were simulated using the Sherpa v2.1.1 genera- tion of muons in the magnetic field generated by the toroid tor [28]. They were calculated for up to one (Z Z ) or zero magnets. The precision chamber system covers the region (W W , W Z ) additional partons at NLO QCD accuracy and |η| < 2.7 with three layers of monitored drift tubes, com- up to three additional partons at LO. In addition, the Sherpa plemented by cathode strip chambers in the forward region. diboson sample cross section is scaled to account for the cross The muon trigger system covers the range |η| < 2.4 with section change when the G μ scheme [29] is used instead of resistive plate chambers in the barrel, and thin gap chambers the native one for the EW parameters, resulting in an effective in the endcap regions. value of α ≈ 1/132. Multiple overlaid pp collisions were In 2015, the ATLAS detector had a two-level trigger sys- simulated with the soft QCD processes of Pythia v8.186 tem [15]. The level-1 trigger is implemented in hardware and using the A2 tune [30] and the MSTW2008LO PDF set [31]. uses a subset of detector information to reduce the event rate For the comparison with data in differential distributions and to a value of at most 75 kHz. This is followed by a software- the evaluation of single-boson EW backgrounds for the cross- section calculations, the single-boson simulations are nor- malised to the results of NNLO QCD calculations obtained Footnote 2 continued with a modified version of DYNNLO 1.5 [2,3] optimised for along the beam pipe. The x-axis points from the IP to the centre of the speed of computation, with uncertainties of 3%. The simula- LHC ring, and the y-axis points upward. Cylindrical coordinates (r, φ) are used in the transverse plane, φ being the azimuthal angle around the tions of all other processes are normalised to the predictions z-axis. The pseudorapidity is defined in terms of the polar angle θ as of NLO QCD calculations, with uncertainties of 10% for the η = − ln tan(θ/2), while the rapidity is defined as y = 21 ln E+ pz E− pz . diboson and top-quark processes. 123 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Page 3 of 29 128 4 Object definitions and event selection didate events are selected by requiring E Tmiss > 25 GeV and m T > 40 GeV. These event selection requirements are This section describes the reconstruction of electrons, muons optimised to reduce background contributions from multi-jet and hadronic recoil objects, and the selection of W and Z processes. bosons. Candidate events are required to have at least one pri- The general structure of the algorithm used for hadronic mary vertex reconstructed from at least three tracks with pT > recoil reconstruction is introduced in Ref. [35], where 400 MeV and to pass a trigger selection, which requires a sin- three-dimensional topological clusters [36] calibrated at the gle electron or muon candidate with a pT threshold of 15 GeV hadronic scale are used as inputs to the algorithm. In this or 14 GeV, respectively. In addition, a loose likelihood-based measurement, the hadronic recoil is reconstructed using par- identification requirement [32,33] is applied in the electron ticle flow objects [37] as inputs. The ATLAS particle flow trigger. algorithm provides an improved E Tmiss resolution compared Electron candidates are required to have pT > 20 (25) to the algorithm using only topological clusters, and makes GeV in the Z (W ) boson analysis and |η| < 2.47. Candi- the measurement less sensitive to pile-up by separating the dates within the transition region between barrel and endcap charged-hadron contribution from the neutral hadronic activ- calorimeters (1.37 < |η| < 1.52) are rejected. In addition, ity [37]. The charged activity is measured by the ID and the medium likelihood-based identification and tight isolation related tracks from charged hadrons can be matched to a requirements are applied [32,33]. Muon candidates must sat- vertex. From all charged hadrons, only calorimetric clusters isfy pT > 20 (25) GeV in the Z (W ) boson analysis and associated with a track originating from the reconstructed |η| < 2.4 and pass the requirements of medium identifica- primary vertex are retained as input to the hadronic recoil tion and tight isolation [34]; both criteria were optimised for algorithm. The neutral hadronic activity is represented by 2015 analysis conditions. clusters without an associated track, and is also used in the Additional requirements are imposed on the significance recoil algorithm. of the transverse impact parameter, d0 , such that |d0 |/σd0 < 5 (3) for electron (muon) candidates. To ensure that lepton candidates originate from the primary vertex, a requirement is also placed on the longitudinal impact parameter, z 0 , mul- 5 Detector performance corrections tiplied by the sine of the track polar angle, θ , such that the absolute value is smaller than 0.5 mm. 5.1 Lepton calibration and efficiency Events with Z boson candidates are selected by requiring exactly two opposite-charge electrons or muons, at least one The electron energy calibration is primarily obtained from the of which is matched to a lepton selected at trigger level. The simulation by employing multivariate techniques [38]. The dilepton invariant mass must satisfy the fiducial requirement signal Z → ee MC simulation is used for deriving the data 66 < m  < 116 GeV. energy scale calibration and resolution corrections for the Events with W boson candidates are selected by requir- simulation. The energy resolution is corrected with additional ing exactly one electron or muon that is matched to a lepton factors no larger than about 1% in the barrel and up to 2% selected at trigger level. The (anti-)neutrinos from W ± → in the endcap region of the detector in order to account for ± ν decays escape direct detection. A measure of the neu- a slightly worse resolution observed in the data. The energy trino transverse momentum, pTν , can be inferred from infor- scale is corrected by applying a per-electron energy scale mation about the hadronic system recoiling against the W factor to the data derived from a comparison of the electron- boson. The hadronic recoil is the vector sum of all calorime- pair invariant mass between the simulation and the data. This ter energy clusters excluding the deposits from the decay procedure was found to be sensitive to the pile-up distribution muon or electron, and is further described below. The trans- in data due to different settings used for the signal readout verse projection of the recoil onto the r –φ plane, uT , is used from the EM calorimeters [39]. Therefore, a special set of together with the decay lepton transverse momentum pT for scale correction factors was derived for this dataset. the calculation of the missing transverse momentum vector, Measurements of muon momenta can be biased by the   detector alignment and resolution, distortions of the mag- ETmiss = − uT + pT , netic field or imprecise estimates of the amount of passive material in the detector. Corrections of the muon momentum whose magnitude is denoted E Tmiss . The transverse mass of scale and resolution, which are applied to the simulation, are the lepton-E Tmiss system is defined as m T = derived as a function of the muon η and φ using Z → μ+ μ−    events [34]. The correction factors are chosen such that they 2 pT E Tmiss 1 − cos φ,E miss where φ,E miss is the T T minimise the χ 2 between the muon-pair invariant mass dis- azimuthal angle between pT and ETmiss . The W boson can- tributions in data and simulation. 123 128 Page 4 of 29 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Fig. 1 Efficiencies of 1.05 Efficiency Efficiency reconstruction, identification, 1 1 isolation and trigger 0.9 requirements as a function of 0.95 lepton pseudorapidity for 0.8 0.9 a electrons and b muons 0.7 0.85 measured using the 0.8 0.6 tag-and-probe method. The Reconstruction Reconstruction efficiency of each selection is 0.5 and identification 0.75 Identification ATLAS Isolation ATLAS defined with respect to leptons Isolation pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 0.4 pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 0.7 selected in the previous step Trigger Z → e+e- tag-and-probe Trigger Z → μ+μ- tag-and-probe 0.65 0.3 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 ηe ημ (a) (b) Electron candidates used for the analysis are required to value by more than 3%. Therefore, the pT dependence of the satisfy selection criteria related to reconstruction, identifica- scale factors is neglected, and they are evaluated only as a tion, isolation and trigger. For each of these requirements, function of muon η. the efficiency of the selection is measured in data with the The muon trigger efficiency in the endcap region of the tag-and-probe method in Z → e+ e− events, as described detector (1.05 < |η| < 2.4) is measured to be around 90%, in Ref. [33], and compared with the simulation. Data-to- and the values obtained in data and simulation agree well. simulation ratios of efficiencies are used as scale factors to However, in the barrel region (|η| < 1.05) the trigger effi- correct the simulation for the observed differences. Measure- ciency determined in the simulation varies from 70 to 85%, ments are performed as a function of the electron pT and η while the efficiency measured in data is lower by 5–15%, for electrons selected in the analysis. All uncertainties related which results in sizeable scale factors. The combined recon- to efficiency are classified as either correlated or uncorre- struction and identification efficiency for medium-quality lated, and are propagated accordingly to the final measure- muons typically exceeds 99% in both the data and simulation ment uncertainty. with good agreement between the two measurements. The The electron reconstruction efficiency is in the range 95– efficiency of the isolation selection is found to be 97–98% 99% both in the data and simulation and is typically mea- in the MC simulation and it differs from the efficiency mea- sured with a precision of 2%. The data-to-simulation ratio sured in the data by about 2% in the most central (|η| < 0.6) is up to 2% (5%) different from unity in the barrel (endcap) and most forward detector regions (1.74 < |η| < 2.4). calorimeter and is measured typically with 2% precision for All measurements of lepton efficiency corrections are lim- pT in the range ∼30 to 50 GeV and 5% for pT > 60 GeV. ited in their precision by the number of Z → + − candi- √ The efficiency of an electron to further pass the medium iden- dates available in the s = 5.02 TeV dataset. tification definition varies from 85 to 95% and is measured Figure 1 summarises the reconstruction, identification, with 2% precision. This efficiency differs from the efficiency isolation and trigger efficiencies for electron and muon can- measured in the MC simulation by up to 5%. The isolation didates obtained from the tag-and-probe method. efficiency is measured with a precision of 5% and agrees Figure 2 shows the invariant mass distribution of the with the simulated value within 2%. Data-to-simulation cor- dilepton system for electron and muon candidates from rection factors for identification and isolation efficiencies Z → + − boson decays after applying scale factors to the are measured with a precision of 2–6%. Finally, the trigger MC simulation. The data points are compared with simula- efficiency data-to-simulation ratio is found to deviate from tion including Z boson signal and background components. unity by 0.5–3% and is measured with a precision of up to The electron candidates in the data, shown on the left panel, 2%. are calibrated using calorimeter settings and calibration cor- Various selection requirements related to muon trigger, rection factors optimised for low-pile-up conditions. Good reconstruction, identification and isolation are imposed on agreement between the data and the simulation is found for muon candidates used in the analysis. The efficiency of the both channels. selection criteria is measured in data with the tag-and-probe method in Z → μ+ μ− events [15,34] and compared with the simulation. Ratios of the efficiencies determined in data 5.2 Recoil calibration and simulation are applied as scale factors to correct the sim- ulated events. For muons with pT > 20 GeV, the correction In events with W or Z boson production, the hadronic factors measured as a function of muon pT have typically recoil gives a measure of the boson transverse momentum. an uncertainty of 1–2% and do not deviate from a constant The calibration of the recoil is performed using dilepton 123 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Page 5 of 29 128 Fig. 2 Detector-level invariant Events/GeV Events/GeV ATLAS 1000 ATLAS mass distribution of a dielectron 600 pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 Data pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 Data Z → ee Z → μμ and b dimuon pairs from Z Z → e+e- Z → μ+μ- boson decays together with EW background contributions. 400 Background contributions are 500 too small to be visible on a linear scale. Only the statistical 200 uncertainties of the data are shown Data/Pred. Data/Pred. 2 2 1 1 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 mee [GeV] mμμ [GeV] (a) (b) Fig. 3 Distributions of Events / Bin width Events / Bin width a u  + pTZ and b u ⊥ in data and 450 ATLAS 450 ATLAS pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 Z → μ+ μ− MC simulation 400 Z → μ+ μ- 400 Z → μ+ μ - before (squares) and 350 MC uncalibrated 350 MC uncalibrated after (circles) recoil calibration. 300 MC calibrated 300 MC calibrated The shaded band in the ratio Data Data 250 250 panels represents the statistical uncertainty of the data sample, 200 200 while the error bars represent 150 150 the systematic uncertainty 100 100 associated with the calibration 50 50 procedure Data/Pred. Data/Pred. 1.5 1.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 −30 −20 −10 0 10 20 30 −30 −20 −10 0 10 20 30 u + pZ [GeV] u [GeV] T (a) (b)  data  MC   events from decays of Z bosons produced in pp collisions √ u W,corr = u Z + pTZ − u Z + pTZ + u Z ,data at s = 5.02 TeV, as information about the Z boson trans-    σ data verse momentum can be obtained with high precision from + u W,MC − u Z ,data · MC u⊥ ; (1) the measurements of lepton momenta and compared with σu ⊥ the measurement from hadronic recoil. The recoil resolution σudata W,corr W,MC ⊥ is studied using u ⊥ , the projection of uT onto the axis – in u⊥ = u⊥ · . (2) σuMC the transverse plane – perpendicular to the Z boson pT . The ⊥ resolution is given by the standard deviation of the u ⊥ distri- bution, σu ⊥ . The transverse momentum scale response of the Equation (1) describes corrections applied to the recoil recoil can be studied using the bias defined as u  + pTZ , where response in simulation. It includes a shift which brings the u  is the projection of uT onto the axis defined by pTZ , and average value of u  in the simulation closer to the one in data, is quantified via the average of the bias distribution. Differ- taking into account differences in the bias. In addition, it cor- ences between the responses in data and simulation are less rects the response distribution for resolution differences (last than ∼2 GeV, while up to ∼20% differences in the resolution term in the equation). The resolution correction is directly are observed. described by Eq. (2) where it is applied to the u ⊥ distribu- Following the procedure described in Ref. [35], in situ tion in the simulation. The impact of the calibration on the corrections to the resolution and the scale of u T are obtained scale and resolution in events where a Z boson decays to a in Z events and are applied to the W boson event candidates, dimuon pair is shown in Fig. 3. The distributions are shown as a function of pTW . The corrections applied to the simulation for the simulation before and after applying the corrections are obtained as a function of pTZ : and for data. Agreement of the distributions from simulation with data distributions is improved after applying the calibra- 123 128 Page 6 of 29 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 tion, and residual differences are covered by the systematic events in data with non-isolated leptons selected by inverting uncertainties described in Sect. 8. the isolation requirement described in Sect. 4. The normal- isation factors of template distributions for signal, EW and top-quark backgrounds, as well as the multi-jet background, 6 Background determination are extracted from a fit to the data. The fits are repeated with multi-jet background templates constructed from different 6.1 W channels intervals in a track-based (muon channel) or calorimeter- based (electron channel) isolation variable. Finally, a lin- The reported cross-section measurements correspond to ear extrapolation to the signal region is performed as a inclusive Drell–Yan production of single vector bosons function of the selected isolation variable, accounting also which decay leptonically. Background processes that con- for the difference in kinematic selections between the fit tribute to the W ± boson production measurement are EW region and the signal region. Examples of post-fit tem- processes producing W ± → τ ± ν, Z → + − , Z → τ + τ − plate E Tmiss distributions, which are used to extract multi-jet decays, EW diboson (W W , W Z , Z Z ) production, as well as yields in the electron and muon channels, are presented in top-quark production and multi-jet processes. The multi-jet Fig. 4. background includes various processes such as semileptonic Following this procedure, multi-jet background processes decays of heavy-flavour hadrons or in-flight decays of kaons are estimated to contribute around 0.9% of the W + → and pions for the muon channel, as well as photon conver- e+ ν sample and 1.4% of the W − → e− ν sample, while sions or misidentified hadrons for the electron channel. The in the muon channel they represent around 0.1% of the background contributions from EW and top-quark produc- W + → μ+ ν sample and 0.2% of the W − → μ− ν sam- tion are evaluated using simulated event samples, while the ple. multi-jet contribution is estimated with a data-driven method The largest background contributions to the decay modes similar to the one described in Ref. [5]. studied come from the production of single EW bosons Although multi-jet background events are well rejected decaying via other decay channels. The Z → e+ e− back- by the lepton isolation requirements, their contribution to the ground represents 0.1% of the W + → e+ ν sample and 0.2% signal region is still sizeable because of the very large produc- of the W − → e− ν sample, while the Z → μ+ μ− back- tion cross sections for multi-jet processes. This contribution ground amounts to 2.8% and 3.8% in the W + → μ+ ν and is estimated from template fits to data in kinematic distribu- W − → μ− ν samples, respectively. The W ± → τ ± ν back- tions: lepton pT , E Tmiss and m T . The fits are performed in a ground contributes around 1.8% to the samples selected in phase-space region defined by the full event selection with both channels and the Z → τ + τ − background contributes a looser lepton pT requirement of pT > 20 GeV and with approximately 0.1%. Contributions from top-quark produc- the requirements on E Tmiss and m T removed. An additional tion (t t¯ and single top quarks) are estimated to be at the requirement on the transverse component of the hadronic level of 0.1–0.2% in both channels. Similarly, diboson pro- recoil, u T < 30 GeV, is placed to ensure better agreement cesses represent approximately 0.1% of the selected event of the event kinematics between the fit region and the signal samples. region. Figures 5 and 6 show detector-level lepton pseudorapid- Template distributions for signal, EW and top-quark back- ity distributions for positive and negative electron and muon ground processes are constructed by applying the fit-region candidates from W boson decays. Good agreement is found selection to samples of simulated events. Templates enriched between the data and the sum of signal and background con- in contributions from multi-jet processes are built using tributions. Fig. 4 Distributions of E Tmiss Entries / 2 GeV Entries / 2.5 GeV used to extract multi-jet yields 4000 ATLAS ATLAS in the a electron and b muon pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 5000 pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 3500 + + W → e+ν W → μ+ν channels after performing the 3000 4000 Data template fits. Only the statistical Data 2500 W → μν uncertainties of the data are W → eν 3000 Multi-jet 2000 Multi-jet shown Z → μμ Z → ee 1500 W → τν W → τν 2000 Z → ττ 1000 Top quarks Top quarks Dibosons 1000 500 Dibosons 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 miss miss ET [GeV] ET [GeV] (a) (b) 123 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Page 7 of 29 128 Fig. 5 Distribution of e dN/dηe dN/dη 10000 7000 detector-level lepton pseudorapidity for 6000 8000 Data Data a W + → e+ ν and W → eν 5000 W → eν b W − → e− ν. Only the Multi-jet Multi-jet 6000 Z → ee 4000 Z → ee statistical uncertainties of the W → τν W → τν data are shown 4000 Top quarks 3000 Top quarks Dibosons Dibosons 2000 2000 ATLAS ATLAS pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 1000 pp- s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 + W → e+ν W → e-ν −2.5 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 −2.5 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 ηe ηe (a) (b) Fig. 6 Distribution of dN/dημ dN/dημ detector-level lepton 10000 6000 pseudorapidity for a W + → μ+ ν and 8000 5000 b W − → μ− ν. Only the Data W → μν 4000 Data W → μν statistical uncertainties of the 6000 Multi-jet Multi-jet data are shown Z → μμ 3000 Z → μμ 4000 W → τν ATLAS W → τν ATLAS Z → ττ pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 2000 Z → ττ pp- s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 + Top quarks W → μ+ν Top quarks W → μ-ν 2000 Dibosons 1000 Dibosons −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 ημ ημ (a) (b) Fig. 7 Detector-level dN/dyee dN/dyμμ ATLAS Data 2500 ATLAS Data lepton-pair rapidity distributions pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 Z → ee pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 Z → μμ in the a electron and b muon Z → e+e- Z → μ+μ- 1500 2000 channels. Background contributions are negligible using a linear scale. Only the 1500 1000 statistical uncertainties of the data are shown 1000 500 6620 GeV 500 p >20 GeV T T |ηe|<2.47 |ημ|<2.4 −2 −1 0 1 2 −2 −1 0 1 2 yee yμμ (a) (b) 6.2 Z channels The contribution of the multi-jet background in the muon channel is estimated from samples that simulate bb̄ and cc̄ Background contributions to the Z boson sample are expected production. The study yields an estimate at the level of < √ from Z → τ + τ − , diboson and W boson decay pro- 0.01%. A previous ATLAS measurement at s = 7 TeV [4] cesses, top-quark pair production, and the multi-jet back- estimated the multi-jet contribution at the level of 0.02– ground. The EW and top-quark contributions are evalu- 0.15% for the electron channel and 0.09% for the muon chan- ated from dedicated simulation samples, whereas the upper nel. As it is expected that this contribution increases with limit on the amount of the multi-jet background is esti- pile-up and since that measurement was done with higher mated. pile-up than the current analysis, the multi-jet background is Diboson background contributes 0.08% in the muon chan- considered to be negligible in this analysis. nel and 0.14% in the electron channel. The Z → τ + τ − back- Figure 7 shows detector-level dilepton rapidity distribu- ground is found to be at the level of 0.07% in both decay tions for electron and muon candidates from Z boson decays. channels. The top-quark background is at the level of 0.06% Good agreement is found between the data and the sum of in the electron channel and 0.08% in the muon channel. The signal and background contributions. W boson background is found to be below 0.01% in both Table 1 summarises background contributions to the W + , channels. − W and Z boson candidate samples. 123 128 Page 8 of 29 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Table 1 Background contributions as a percentage of the total for the W + , W − and Z candidate samples in the electron (muon) channels Background W + → e+ ν (W + → μ+ ν) W − → e− ν (W − → μ− ν) Z → e+ e− (Z → μ+ μ− ) [%] [%] [%] Z → + − ,  = e, μ 0.1 (2.8) 0.2 (3.8) – W± → ± ν,  = e, μ – – <0.01 (<0.01) W ± → τ ±ν 1.8 (1.8) 1.8 (1.8) <0.01 (<0.01) Z → τ +τ − 0.1 (0.1) 0.1 (0.1) 0.07 (0.07) Multi-jet 0.9 (0.1) 1.4 (0.2) <0.01 (<0.01) Top quark 0.1–0.2 (0.1–0.2) 0.1–0.2 (0.1–0.2) 0.06 (0.08) Diboson 0.1 (0.1) 0.1 (0.1) 0.14 (0.08) 7 Measurement procedure The procedure described above is extended to the mea- surement of differential cross sections as a function of the The integrated and differential W and Z boson production decay lepton pseudorapidity in W boson production, and as cross sections are measured within a fiducial phase space a function of the lepton-pair rapidity in Z boson production. defined as follows: The dependence of cross sections on these kinematic vari- ables is particularly sensitive to the choice of PDFs. For the • for W production: pT > 25 GeV, pTν > 25 GeV, |η | < measurement of differential cross sections, the formula given 2.5, m T > 40 GeV. in Eq. (3) is adjusted so that the cross sections are divided • for Z production: pT > 20 GeV, |η | < 2.5, 66 < m  < by the width of the corresponding interval in absolute pseu- 116 GeV. dorapidity or rapidity. For W production, following Ref. [4], the lepton |η| boundaries are defined as: Integrated fiducial cross sections in the electron and muon channels are calculated using: • 0 – 0.21 – 0.42 – 0.63 – 0.84 – 1.05 – 1.37 – 1.52 – 1.74 N W [Z ] − BW [Z ] – 1.95 – 2.18 – 2.50; σW fid ± →± ν[Z →+ − ] = , (3) C W [Z ] · L int for Z boson production, the lepton-pair |y | boundaries are where N W [Z ] and BW [Z ] are the number of selected events in defined as: data and the expected number of background events, respec- tively. The integrated luminosity of the sample is L int = 25.0 ± 0.5 pb−1 , determined with the method described in • 0 – 0.5 – 1.0 – 1.5 – 2.0 – 2.5. Ref. [40]. A correction for the event detection efficiency is applied with the factor C W [Z ] , which is obtained from the For the measurement of these cross sections, the C W [Z ] fac- signal simulation described in Sect. 3 as: tors are computed separately for each lepton |η| or |y | MC,sel interval by applying the corresponding requirements on the NW [Z ] C W [Z ] = MC,fid . reconstructed lepton kinematics in the numerator, and on the NW [Z ] generator-level kinematics in the denominator. Migrations between rapidity intervals are negligible due to the very good MC,sel Here, N W [Z ] is the number of events which pass the sig- angular resolution with which charged-particle tracks asso- nal selection at the detector level, corrected for the observed ciated with leptons are reconstructed, and the good lepton differences between data and simulation such as in recon- momentum and energy resolutions. The C W [Z ] factors for struction, identification, isolation, and trigger efficiencies. the measurements of integrated and differential cross sec- MC,fid The denominator N W [Z ] is computed applying the fiducial tions are summarised in Table 2. requirements to the generator-level leptons originating from The uncertainty associated with the C W [Z ] correction is W and Z boson decays. The measurement is corrected for dominated by experimental systematic uncertainties, QED final-state radiation effects by applying these require- described in Sect. 8. For the differential C W factors, the rel- ments to the lepton momenta before photon radiation. The ative size of statistical and systematic uncertainties added C W [Z ] factors also account for the difference in acceptance in quadrature varies in the range 1.1–2.5% (1.7–3%), while between detector-level requirements on lepton |η| and the the uncertainties in differential C Z factors are in the range fiducial selection of |η | < 2.5. 1.6–3.5% (0.9–1.2%) in the electron (muon) channel. 123 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Page 9 of 29 128 Table 2 Correction factors C W [Z ] used to calculate integrated and dif- systematic uncertainties. For the differential C W [Z ] factors, the spread ferential W and Z boson production cross sections. The integrated of values across lepton |η| or |y | intervals is shown, while their uncer- C W [Z ] factors are shown with the sum in quadrature of statistical and tainties are described in the text Channel C W (W + → + ν) C W (W − → − ν) CZ Integrated cross-section measurements Electron channel 0.657 ± 0.006 0.667 ± 0.005 0.522 ± 0.007 Muon channel 0.723 ± 0.011 0.720 ± 0.010 0.780 ± 0.007 Differential cross-section measurements Electron channel 0.55–0.80 0.52–0.62 Muon channel 0.55–0.85 0.60–0.82 Uncertainties in C W [Z ] of theoretical origin comprise in the modelling of the electron charge identification are at uncertainties induced by the PDFs, by the description of the the level of 0.1%, and neglected for the cross section mea- W and Z boson transverse momentum distributions, by the surements. Their impact on the asymmetry measurements is implementation of the NLO QCD matrix element and its however sizeable and included in the final results. matching to the parton shower, and by the modelling of the In the muon channels, the statistical components of the parton shower, hadronisation and underlying event. These scale factor uncertainties are propagated to the measurements uncertainties are discussed in Ref. [4], where they are eval- via MC pseudo-experiments, while systematic components uated to be smaller than 0.2% and thus are negligible at the are propagated as a single variation fully correlated across all present level of precision. The size of acceptance corrections muon |η| intervals. The single largest contribution to the sys- included in the integrated correction factors is 7% (3%) for tematic uncertainty of fiducial cross-section measurements in the W boson measurements and 14% (5%) for the Z boson the W ± → μ± ν channels is 1.4% and comes from the deter- measurements in the electron (muon) channel. In the case mination of the muon trigger efficiency. For measurements in of differential W boson measurements, only the C W factor the Z → μ+ μ− channel the largest systematic uncertainty in the interval 2.18 < |η | < 2.5 includes an acceptance is contributed by the muon isolation efficiency measurement correction of 9% for W ± → e± ν processes and 40% for and amounts to 0.7%. Uncertainties coming from the muon W ± → μ± ν processes. On the other hand, all differential pT scale and resolution are below 0.2% for both W ± → μ± ν C Z factors include an acceptance correction which varies channels and the Z → μ+ μ− channel. from 6% to 28% for the Z → e+ e− channel and up to 53% for the Z → μ+ μ− channel. 8.2 Hadronic recoil corrections The uncertainty assigned to the hadronic recoil calibration is 8 Measurement uncertainties conservatively defined from the full size of the corrections, which are derived using events with Z boson production. 8.1 Lepton calibration and efficiency corrections In these events, the impact of the correction on the u ⊥ and u  + pTZ distributions varies between a few percent and ∼20% Uncertainties in the determination of lepton trigger, recon- in the range [−15, +15] GeV, which dominates the reported struction, identification and isolation efficiency scale fac- cross-section measurements. After applying this correction tors affect the measurements through the correction factors to events with W + and W − production, the resulting uncer- C W [Z ] . tainties on the cross-section measurements are at the level of The uncertainties of the electron efficiency measurements 0.5% for both the muon and electron channels. are divided into contributions correlated across electron η and pT intervals and uncorrelated ones, and are propa- 8.3 Background evaluation gated to the cross-section measurements accordingly. For the W ± → e± ν channels the efficiency determination con- Uncertainties in the evaluation of EW and top-quark back- tributes a systematic uncertainty of 0.8% to the fiducial cross- grounds in the W ± → e± ν and W ± → μ± ν channels section measurements, while for the Z → e+ e− channel this are estimated by varying the respective normalisation cross contribution is 1.3%. Systematic effects related to the elec- sections. For single-boson production, the size of the cross- tron pT scale and resolution are subdominant, yielding an section variations is obtained from higher-order QCD cal- uncertainty at the level of 0.3% for the W ± → e± ν channels culations, while for diboson and top-quark processes the and less than 0.2% for the Z → e+ e− channel. Uncertainties uncertainty in the cross sections is conservatively taken as 123 128 Page 10 of 29 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Table 3 Measured fiducial W + → + ν differential and integrated cross sections for electron and muon channels |η |min |η |max W + → e+ ν W + → μ+ ν dσ/d|η | [pb] δσstat [pb] δσsyst [pb] δσlumi [pb] dσ/d|η | [pb] δσstat [pb] δσsyst [pb] δσlumi [pb] 0.00 0.21 448 8 10 8 473 9 15 9 0.21 0.42 463 8 10 9 472 8 11 9 0.42 0.63 453 8 10 9 493 8 11 9 0.63 0.84 460 8 10 9 460 9 12 9 0.84 1.05 466 9 11 9 478 9 13 9 1.05 1.37 469 7 10 9 478 6 10 9 1.37 1.52 – – – – 482 9 12 9 1.52 1.74 460 9 14 9 482 7 10 9 1.74 1.95 454 9 14 8 472 8 10 9 1.95 2.18 453 9 14 8 443 7 10 9 2.18 2.50 370 7 14 7 371 7 9 7 0.00 2.50 2243 13 27 42 2303 12 36 44 10%. The resulting uncertainties in the measurements in for W − boson production and Table 5 for Z boson pro- both the W ± → e± ν and W ± → μ± ν channels are below duction. In these tables, the statistical uncertainty is defined 0.2%. Uncertainties related to the multi-jet background eval- from the variance of the background-subtracted number of uation arise from the statistical precision of the multi-jet observed events, and the systematic uncertainty includes templates and uncertainty in the normalisations of the sub- all uncertainty components described above, except for the tracted EW and top-quark contamination. These contribu- luminosity uncertainty, which is given separately. The sys- tions are propagated through linear extrapolations over the tematic uncertainties coming from lepton efficiency correc- isolation variables to the signal region. The related uncer- tions are measured as a function of lepton η and pT , and tainties in the measurements are evaluated to be 0.7–0.8% include a significant statistical component due to the number in the W ± → e± ν channels and not more than 0.2% in the of Z events used to derive the corrections. This statistical W ± → μ± ν channels. component is substantially reduced for the integrated cross In both the Z → μ+ μ− and Z → e+ e− channels, the sections compared to the differential ones. uncertainty associated with the background subtraction is The data tables provided in this paper contain compact negligible, since all individual background contributions are summaries of the measurement uncertainties. A complete below 0.2% of the selected data sample. breakdown of systematic uncertainties and their correlated components is provided in HEPData [42]. 8.4 Luminosity calibration The electron and muon channel measurements are com- bined using the Best Linear Unbiased Estimate (BLUE) Luminosity measurements in ATLAS are calibrated using method [43], accounting for the correlations of the systematic dedicated van der Meer scans [40]. The analysis of data from uncertainties across the channels and measurement bins. The √ |η | and |y | distributions for the electron channel, muon the scan performed in pp collisions at s = 5.02 TeV, which uses the LUCID-2 detector for the baseline luminosity channel and combined results are shown in Figs. 8 and 9 measurements [41], yields a relative systematic uncertainty for W and Z bosons, respectively, and the results are listed of 1.9% in the measured luminosity. The largest sources of in Tables 6, 7 and 8. In the interval 1.37 < |η | < 1.52, uncertainty are systematic effects related to the van der Meer only the muon channel measurements for W boson produc- scan procedure and the long-term stability of the luminosity tion are used. The combination yields χ 2 /d.o.f= 19.3/10 calibration for the W + boson results, χ 2 /d.o.f= 15.1/10 for the W − boson results, and χ 2 /d.o.f= 3.0/5 for the Z boson results. A simultaneous combination of all measurements, accounting for the correlation of the experimental systematic uncertain- 9 Results ties between the W and Z measurement results for a given lepton flavour, gives χ 2 /d.o.f = 37.5/25, corresponding to 9.1 Channel combination a probability of 5.2%. In view of this remaining discrepancy and of the general trend of the muon channel cross sections Results of measurements in the electron and muon channels to be higher than the electron channel ones, the systematic are summarised in Table 3 for W + boson production, Table 4 123 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Page 11 of 29 128 Table 4 Measured fiducial W − → − ν differential and integrated cross sections for electron and muon channels |η |min |η |max W − → e− ν W − → μ− ν dσ/d|η | [pb] δσstat [pb] δσsyst [pb] δσlumi [pb] dσ/d|η | [pb] δσstat [pb] δσsyst [pb] δσlumi [pb] 0.00 0.21 322 7 7 6 341 8 10 6 0.21 0.42 316 7 7 6 314 7 6 6 0.42 0.63 303 7 7 6 327 7 6 6 0.63 0.84 294 7 7 6 303 7 7 6 0.84 1.05 300 7 7 6 306 7 8 6 1.05 1.37 280 5 6 5 290 5 5 6 1.37 1.52 – – – – 276 7 6 5 1.52 1.74 270 7 9 5 272 6 5 5 1.74 1.95 260 7 9 5 245 6 5 5 1.95 2.18 255 7 9 5 253 5 5 5 2.18 2.50 220 6 10 4 219 5 5 4 0.00 2.50 1393 10 17 26 1412 9 22 28 Table 5 Measured fiducial Z → + − differential and integrated cross sections for electron and muon channels |y |min |y |max Z → e+ e− Z → μ+ μ− dσ/d|y | [pb] δσstat [pb] δσsyst [pb] δσlumi [pb] dσ/d|y | [pb] δσstat [pb] δσsyst [pb] δσlumi [pb] 0.0 0.5 99.9 2.5 1.6 1.9 105.2 2.4 1.1 2.0 0.5 1.0 100.3 2.7 1.6 1.9 101.9 2.3 1.0 1.9 1.0 1.5 89.2 2.7 1.4 1.7 89.8 2.1 0.8 1.7 1.5 2.0 59.6 2.4 1.2 1.1 61.0 1.8 0.6 1.1 2.0 2.5 19.6 1.3 0.7 0.4 20.3 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 2.5 369.0 5.3 4.7 6.9 377.9 4.4 3.4 7.1 dσ/d|η | [pb] dσ/d|η | [pb] 550 ATLAS 350 ATLAS pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 l l 500 300 450 250 - W + → l+ν - 400 W → lν W → lν W → lν pl,ν >25 GeV pl,ν >25 GeV T mT>40 GeV W → μν W → μν T mT>40 GeV 350 |η |<2.5 W → eν 200 W → eν |η |<2.5 l l Combined Combined 1.1 1.1 Channel Channel 1 1 0.9 0.9 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 |η | |η | l l (a) (b) Fig. 8 Differential a W + and b W − boson production cross sections bined differential cross section in each bin. In the lower panel, error as a function of absolute decay lepton pseudorapidity, for the electron, bars represent statistical uncertainties in the ratio, while the shaded muon and combined results. Statistical and systematic errors are shown band represents systematic uncertainties in the combined differential as corresponding bars and shaded bands. The luminosity uncertainty is cross sections not included. The lower panel shows the ratio of channels to the com- uncertainties in the efficiency corrections are scaled such that 8 include this scaling. The measured ratio of fiducial W + χ 2 /d.o.f = 1; the correction uncertainties are scaled by a and W − production cross sections, as well as ratios of fidu- common factor, preserving the uncertainty correlations as a cial W ± and Z production cross sections, are summarised in function of lepton pT and η for this source. Tables 6, 7 and Table 9. 123 128 Page 12 of 29 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 120 Table 7 Combined fiducial W − → − ν differential and integrated dσ/d|y | [pb] ATLAS pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 cross sections ll 100 |η |min |η |max W − → − ν 80 dσ/d|η | [pb] δσstat [pb] δσsyst [pb] δσlumi [pb] 60 0.00 0.21 329 5 8 6 +- 40 Z →ll 0.21 0.42 315 5 6 6 Z → ll 6620 GeV 20 Z → ee T |η |<2.5 l 0.63 0.84 298 5 6 6 0.84 1.05 303 5 7 6 Combined 1.1 Channel 1 1.05 1.37 286 4 5 6 0.9 1.37 1.52 276 7 7 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 |y | 1.52 1.74 272 4 6 5 ll 1.74 1.95 249 4 5 5 Fig. 9 Differential Z boson production cross section as a function 1.95 2.18 253 4 6 5 of absolute lepton-pair rapidity, for the electron, muon and combined 2.18 2.50 219 4 6 4 results. Statistical and systematic errors are shown as corresponding 0.00 2.50 1401 7 18 27 bars and shaded bands. The luminosity uncertainty is not included. The lower panel shows the ratio of channels to the combined differen- tial cross section in each bin. In the lower panel, error bars represent statistical uncertainties in the ratio, while the shaded band represents Table 8 Combined fiducial Z → + − differential and integrated systematic uncertainties in the combined differential cross sections cross sections |y |min |y |max Z → + − Table 6 Combined fiducial W+ → + ν differential and integrated dσ/d|y | [pb] δσstat [pb] δσsyst [pb] δσlumi [pb] cross sections 0.0 0.5 103.0 1.7 1.2 1.9 |η |min |η |max W + → + ν 0.5 1.0 101.3 1.8 1.1 1.9 dσ/d|η | [pb] δσstat [pb] δσsyst [pb] δσlumi [pb] 1.0 1.5 89.6 1.7 0.9 1.7 0.00 0.21 456 6 11 9 1.5 2.0 60.5 1.4 0.7 1.1 0.21 0.42 467 6 9 9 2.0 2.5 20.0 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.42 0.63 471 6 9 9 0.0 2.5 374.5 3.4 3.6 7.0 0.63 0.84 460 6 10 9 0.84 1.05 471 6 11 9 1.05 1.37 474 5 9 9 Table 9 Ratios of integrated W and Z production cross sections 1.37 1.52 482 9 15 9 fid RW + /W − 1.617 ± 0.012 (stat) ± 0.003 (syst) 1.52 1.74 474 6 11 9 fid RW/Z 9.81 ± 0.13 (stat) ± 0.01 (syst) 1.74 1.95 465 6 11 9 fid RW + /Z 6.06 ± 0.08 (stat) ± 0.01 (syst) 1.95 2.18 446 6 10 9 fid RW − /Z 3.75 ± 0.05 (stat) ± 0.01 (syst) 2.18 2.50 371 5 10 7 0.00 2.50 2266 9 29 43 sented in Fig. 10 together with the combined values, while The measurements of differential W + and W − production the combined results are summarised with the corresponding cross sections allow the extraction of the W boson charge uncertainties in Table 10. Good agreement between the two asymmetry, as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of channels is found. the decay lepton: 9.2 Comparison with theoretical predictions dσ + /d|η | − dσW − /d|η | A (|η |) = W . dσW + /d|η | + dσW − /d|η | The measured cross sections are compared with theo- retical predictions obtained using a modified version of Uncertainties in A are calculated considering all sources of DYNNLO 1.5 [2,3] optimised for speed of computation. The correlated and uncorrelated systematic uncertainties in the calculation is performed at O(αS2 ) in QCD and at leading differential cross sections. The resulting dependence of A order in the EW theory, with parameters set according to the on |η | measured in the electron and muon channels is pre- G μ scheme [29]. The input parameters (the Fermi constant 123 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Page 13 of 29 128 0.34 are rescaled from 90% confidence level to 68% confidence Al 0.32 ATLAS pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 level). Scale uncertainties are defined by the envelope of 0.3 W → lν the variations obtained by changing μr and μf by a fac- 0.28 pl,ν >25 GeV tor of two with respect to their nominal values and imposing T 0.26 mT>40 GeV 0.24 |η |<2.5 0.5 ≤ μr /μf ≤ 2. The uncertainty induced by the strong l 0.22 coupling constant is estimated by varying αS by ±0.001 0.2 W →eν around the central value of αS (m Z ) = 0.118, following W →μν the prescription of Ref. [45]; the effect of these variations 0.18 W →lν 0.16 is estimated by comparing the CT14nnlo_as_0117 and 1.2 CT14nnlo_as_0119 PDF sets to CT14nnlo. Finally, intrin- Combined Channel 1 sic limitations of the NNLO calculations for fiducial cross- 0.8 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 section predictions lead to systematic differences between |ηl| results from different programs, as explained in Ref. [50]. Therefore, an additional uncertainty of 0.7%, estimated from Fig. 10 Charge asymmetry for W bosons as a function of absolute a comparison of predictions calculated with Fewz 3.1 and decay lepton pseudorapidity, for the electron, muon and combined DYNNLO, is assigned. Theory uncertainties are dominated results. Statistical and systematic errors are shown as corresponding by our knowledge of the proton PDFs. bars and shaded bands (not visible for most points). The lower panel shows the ratio of channels to the combined charge asymmetry in each The uncertainty of the LHC proton beam energy is esti- bin. In the lower panel, error bars represent statistical uncertainties in mated to be 0.1% [51] and induces typically an uncertainty the ratio, while the shaded band represents systematic uncertainties in of 0.1% in the cross-section predictions, which is negligible the combined charge asymmetry compared to other theoretical uncertainties discussed above. Differential cross sections for W and Z boson produc- Table 10 Charge asymmetry for W bosons as a function of absolute tion are shown in Figs. 11 and 12 as a function of |η | and pseudorapidity of the decay lepton |y |, respectively. The cross sections are compared for the |η |min |η |max A δ Astat δ Asyst combined measurement and theoretical predictions calcu- 0.00 0.21 0.163 0.010 0.001 lated with the CT14nnlo, NNPDF3.1, MMHT14nnlo68cl, 0.21 0.42 0.195 0.009 0.001 HERAPDF2.0 and ABMP16 PDF sets, with uncertainties 0.42 0.63 0.201 0.009 0.001 assigned as described above. In some regions of phase space, a comparison of the differential cross sections shows system- 0.63 0.84 0.213 0.010 0.001 atic deviations of the predictions obtained with recent PDF 0.84 1.05 0.218 0.010 0.001 sets from the measured values. These deviations are largest 1.05 1.37 0.248 0.008 0.001 for W + boson production and at central rapidity for Z boson 1.37 1.52 0.272 0.014 0.002 production. 1.52 1.74 0.271 0.009 0.001 The measured lepton charge asymmetry for W bosons 1.74 1.95 0.300 0.010 0.001 shown in Fig. 13 is compared with predictions calculated 1.95 2.18 0.276 0.010 0.001 with the PDF sets mentioned previously. In most of the |η | 2.18 2.50 0.256 0.010 0.001 range considered, the predictions from all PDF sets tend to underestimate the measured asymmetry by a few percent. G F , the masses and widths of W and Z bosons, and the CKM matrix elements) are taken from Ref. [44]. The DYNNLO 10 Summary predictions are calculated using the NNLO PDF sets from CT14nnlo [45], NNPDF3.1 [46], MMHT14nnlo68cl [47], Fiducial cross sections are reported for inclusive W + , W − HERAPDF2.0 [48] and ABMP16 [49]. All considered PDF and Z boson production in pp collisions at the centre-of- √ sets except HERAPDF2.0 are evaluated from global fits mass energy s = 5.02 TeV. The measurement is based on which include to varying extents the LHC measurements of data taken by the ATLAS detector at the LHC correspond- W/Z boson, Drell–Yan, top-quark and inclusive jet produc- ing to an integrated luminosity of 25.0 pb−1 . Cross sections tion. The renormalisation and factorisation scales, respec- are reported in the electron and muon decay channels, inte- tively denoted as μr and μf , are set equal to the decay lepton- grated over the fiducial regions and differentially. The fidu- pair invariant mass, m ν or m  . cial region is defined using lepton kinematics and detector Uncertainties in these predictions are derived as fol- acceptance. The differential cross sections for W ± → ± ν lows. PDF uncertainties are evaluated from the variations boson production are measured as a function of absolute lep- of the NNLO PDFs (the PDF uncertainties of CT14nnlo ton pseudorapidity while for Z → + − bosons they are 123 128 Page 14 of 29 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 dσ/d|η | [pb] dσ/d|η | [pb] ATLAS 350 ATLAS pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 l l 500 300 450 Data Data 400 NNLO QCD 250 NNLO QCD - W + → l+ν - CT14 NNLO CT14 NNLO W → lν pl,ν >25 GeV MMHT2014 MMHT2014 pl,ν >25 GeV T T mT>40 GeV NNPDF3.1 NNPDF3.1 mT>40 GeV 350 |η |<2.5 HERAPDF2.0 200 HERAPDF2.0 |η |<2.5 l l ABMP16 ABMP16 NNLO QCD NNLO QCD 1.1 1.1 1 1 Data Data 0.9 0.9 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 |η | |η | l l (a) (b) Fig. 11 Differential cross sections for a W + and b W − boson produc- is displayed for the theory. The lower panel shows the ratio of predic- tion as a function of absolute decay lepton pseudorapidity compared tions to the measured differential cross section in each bin, and the with theoretical predictions. Statistical and systematic errors are shown shaded band shows the sum in quadrature of statistical and systematic as corresponding bars and shaded bands on the data points. The lumi- uncertainties of the data nosity uncertainty is not included. Only the dominant uncertainty (PDF) 120 0.32 dσ/d|y | [pb] Al ATLAS ATLAS pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 0.3 pp s=5.02 TeV 25 pb-1 100 ll 0.28 W → lν 80 0.26 pl,ν >25 GeV T mT>40 GeV 0.24 |η |<2.5 60 Data l Data 0.22 NNLO QCD - NNLO QCD 40 Z → l+l CT14 NNLO 0.2 CT14 NNLO MMHT2014 6620 GeV 0.18 NNPDF3.1 20 HERAPDF2.0 T |η |<2.5 HERAPDF2.0 ABMP16 l 0.16 ABMP16 1.1 NNLO QCD 1.2 NNLO QCD 1 1 Data Data 0.9 0.8 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 |y | |η | ll l Fig. 12 Differential cross section for Z boson production as a func- Fig. 13 Charge asymmetry for W bosons as a function of absolute tion of absolute lepton-pair rapidity compared with theoretical predic- decay lepton pseudorapidity compared with theoretical predictions. tions. Statistical and systematic errors are shown as corresponding bars Statistical and systematic errors are shown as corresponding bars and and shaded bands on the data points. The luminosity uncertainty is not shaded bands on the data points. Only the dominant uncertainty (PDF) included. Only the dominant uncertainty (PDF) is displayed for the the- is displayed for the theory. The lower panel shows the ratio of pre- ory. The lower panel shows the ratio of predictions to the measured dictions to the measured differential cross section in each bin, and the differential cross section in each bin, and the shaded band shows the shaded band shows the sum in quadrature of statistical and systematic sum in quadrature of statistical and systematic uncertainties of the data uncertainties of the data reported as a function of absolute dilepton rapidity in the leading-order QCD calculations using various PDF sets. A mass window 66 < m  < 116 GeV. For W ± bosons the comparison of the differential cross sections shows 1–2σ decay lepton charge asymmetry as a function of absolute deviations from the predictions obtained with many of the lepton pseudorapidity is also measured. recent PDF sets. The electron and muon channel results are found to agree These results provide the first measurement of W ± and Z within the measurement precision, and are therefore com- boson production cross sections at the centre-of-mass energy √ bined considering all sources of correlated and uncorrelated s = 5.02 TeV and complement previous measurements √ uncertainties. The combined fiducial W + , W − , and Z cross at s = 7, 8 and 13 TeV. They constitute a reference for sections are measured with a precision of 1.2–1.7%, exclud- measurements of W ± and Z boson production in heavy-ion √ ing the luminosity uncertainty. Both the integrated and dif- collisions collected at sNN = 5.02 TeV by the LHC exper- ferential cross sections are compared with next-to-next-to- iments. 123 Eur. Phys. J. 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Zwalinski35 1 Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 2 Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY, USA 3 Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada 4 (a) Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; (b) Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey; (c) Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey 5 LAPP, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy, France 6 High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA 7 Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 8 Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA 9 Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 10 Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece 11 Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA 12 (a) Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey; (b) Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey; (c) Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey; (d) Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey 13 Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan 14 Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain 15 (a) Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; (b) Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; (c) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; (d) University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, China 16 Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 17 Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 18 Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA 19 Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany 20 Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 21 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK 22 Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia 23 (a) Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; (b) INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 24 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany 25 Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA 26 Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA 27 (a) Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania; (b) Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; (c) Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania; (d) Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (e) University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; (f) West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania 123 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Page 25 of 29 128 28 (a) Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; (b) Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic 29 Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA 30 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 31 Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 32 (a) Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; (b) Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; (c) School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa 33 Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada 34 (a) Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies-Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco; (b) Centre National de l’Energie des Sciences Techniques Nucleaires (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco; (c) Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco; (d) Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco; (e) Faculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco 35 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 36 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 37 LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France 38 Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY, USA 39 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 40 (a) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy; (b) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy 41 Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA 42 Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA 43 (a) Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; (b) Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden 44 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany 45 Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany 46 Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 47 Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 48 SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 49 INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy 50 Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany 51 II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 52 Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland 53 (a) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; (b) INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy 54 II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany 55 SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK 56 LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France 57 Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 58 (a) Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; (b) Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, China; (c) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, KLPPAC-MoE, SKLPPC, Shanghai, China; (d) Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China 59 (a) Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; (b) Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 60 Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan 61 (a) Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong; (b) Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (c) Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China 62 Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 63 Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA 64 (a) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy; (b) ICTP, Trieste, Italy; (c) Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy 123 128 Page 26 of 29 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 65 (a) INFN Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy; (b) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy 66 (a) INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy 67 (a) INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy 68 (a) INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy 69 (a) INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy 70 (a) INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy 71 (a) INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy 72 (a) INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy; (b) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy 73 (a) INFN-TIFPA, Povo, Italy; (b) Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy 74 Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria 75 University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 76 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA 77 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia 78 (a) Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil; (b) Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (c) Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei, Brazil; (d) Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 79 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan 80 Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 81 (a) Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland; (b) Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland 82 Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland 83 Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 84 Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan 85 Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 86 Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina 87 Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK 88 Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK 89 Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 90 School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK 91 Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK 92 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK 93 Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA 94 Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden 95 Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France 96 Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 97 Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany 98 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK 99 CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France 100 Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA 101 Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada 102 School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia 103 Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 104 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA 105 B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus 106 Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk, Belarus 107 Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada 108 P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 109 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia 110 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia 111 D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 123 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Page 27 of 29 128 112 Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany 113 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Munich, Germany 114 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan 115 Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan 116 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA 117 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 118 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 119 Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL, USA 120 (a) Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and NSU, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; (b) Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 121 Institute for High Energy Physics of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Protvino, Russia 122 Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA 123 Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 124 Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan 125 Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA 126 Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA 127 Palacký University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc, Czech Republic 128 Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA 129 LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 130 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 131 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 132 Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK 133 LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France 134 Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 135 Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, PNPI, St. Petersburg, Russia 136 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 137 (a) Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal; (b) Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; (c) Departamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; (d) Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; (e) Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal; (f) Departamento de Física Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; (g) Dep Física and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal 138 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic 139 Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 140 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic 141 Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK 142 IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 143 Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA 144 (a) Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; (b) Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile 145 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 146 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK 147 Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan 148 Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany 149 Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada 150 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA, USA 151 Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 152 Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA 153 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK 154 School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 155 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 123 128 Page 28 of 29 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 156 (a) E.Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia; (b) High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 157 Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 158 Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 159 Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece 160 International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 161 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan 162 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan 163 Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 164 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 165 (a) TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada; (b) Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada 166 Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan 167 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA 168 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA 169 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden 170 Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA 171 Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain 172 Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 173 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada 174 Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany 175 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK 176 Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan 177 Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 178 Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 179 Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany 180 Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA 181 Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia a Also at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, NY, USA b Also at California State University, East Bay, USA c Also at Centre for High Performance Computing, CSIR Campus, Rosebank, Cape Town, South Africa d Also at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland e Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France f Also at Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland g Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain h Also at Departamento de Física Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain), Spain i Also at Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal j Also at Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates k Also at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece l Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA m Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK n Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA o Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA p Also at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, UK q Also at Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia r Also at Department of Physics, Stanford University, USA s Also at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland t Also at Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA u Also at Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy v Also at Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun, Turkey w Also at Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 123 Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:128 Page 29 of 29 128 x Also at Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece y Also at Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania z Also at II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany aa Also at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain ab Also at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany ac Also at Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ad Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary ae Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Canada af Also at Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ag Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan ah Also at Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia ai Also at Instituto de Física Teórica de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain aj Also at Istanbul University, Dept. of Physics, Istanbul, Turkey ak Also at LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France al Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA am Also at LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France an Also at Manhattan College, New York, NY, USA ao Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia ap Also at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia aq Also at Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ar Also at School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China as Also at The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA at Also at The Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter (CICQM), Beijing, China au Also at Tomsk State University, Tomsk, and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia av Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada aw Also at Universita di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy ∗ Deceased 123