9d5d53a50f4eff260660b09f93e80620 EES_2-1_43-74_Special_Section_Elenora_PRINT_07ii19.pdf 8106c18b8c482ced23f7c85583d2fa9a2f02ff95 EES_2-1_43-74_Special_Section_Elenora_PRINT_07ii19.pdf 52c91f4be18746e454e58742ad6649e802182e7f69f5411745c27daedc36263a EES_2-1_43-74_Special_Section_Elenora_PRINT_07ii19.pdf Author: dell Creator: Microsoft Word CreationDate: Fri Mar 5 10:06:06 2021 CET ModDate: Fri Mar 5 10:06:06 2021 CET Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 33 Encrypted: no Page size: 432 x 648 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 393474 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- BCDEEE+Garamond-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 5 0 BCDFEE+Garamond-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 9 0 BCDGEE+Garamond TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 14 0 BCDHEE+Garamond CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 16 0 BCDIEE+Garamond-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 21 0 SymbolMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 23 0 BCDJEE+Calibri TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 28 0 TimesNewRomanPSMT TrueType WinAnsi no no no 100 0 ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi no no no 102 0 TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT TrueType WinAnsi no no no 144 0 Arial-ItalicMT TrueType WinAnsi no no no 146 0 TimesNewRomanPSMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 179 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2021-03-19 02:27:47 CET RepresentationInformation: EES_2-1_43-74_Special_Section_Elenora_PRINT_07ii19.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2021-03-05 10:06:50 CET Size: 393474 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf Profile: ISO PDF/A-1, Level B PDFMetadata: Objects: 1507 FreeObjects: 1231 IncrementalUpdates: 1 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: false CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: true NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Language: en-US Outlines: Item: Title: Conservation of biodiversity is going through a significant challenge as the cost and benefit for the creation of protected areas are not equally shared, bringing the issues of displacement and dispossession at the pick of the problem. Although displa... Destination: 1 Item: Title: This paper provides an overview of conservation conflicts in India. It uses legal framework to explore the relocation policy as a mean to environmental protection, and also as a source of violence. It is the result of one-year research conducted in In... Destination: 1 Item: Title: Some of the biodiversity conservation conflicts in India are recorded and explained in the EJAtlas, a project at the ICTA UAB with which the author has been working. The EJAtlas has registered nearly 300 ecological distribution conflicts in India as o... Destination: 1 Item: Title: 3. THE INDIAN SCENARIO Destination: 1 Item: Title: In India, the first relocation drive started in pre-independence time, when two small villages were removed from the Kaziranga reserve in Assam in 1908. This was followed by relocations in Kashmir from Shikar reserve, and then the Baigas were relocate... Destination: 1 Item: Title: The number of people relocated from Protected Areas in the entire Indian subcontinent—according to a study conducted in the mid-1980s—was estimated to be around 100,000 (Langerscoix and Kothari 2009). According to Langerscoix and Kothari (2009), the e... Destination: 1 Item: Title: The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (FRA) was enacted to counterbalance the historical injustices propagated under forest and conservation laws, policies and practices against the forest ... Destination: 1 Item: Title: 3.2. In the name of Tiger Conservation Destination: 1 Item: Title: The global attention to Tiger Conservation has further added to the number of conservation conflict refugees in India. In this regard, the government of India has strengthened its measure to protect the tigers, and since 2008 the number of such reserv... Destination: 1 Item: Title: 3.3. Relocation as a violation of FRA Destination: 1 Item: Title: According to the analyses, evidences of relocation being planned were found for 23 PAs, either in Tiger Reserve management plan or in local newspaper reports. Of these, in 22 there was evidence of relocation already being carried out for last 10 years... Destination: 1 Item: Title: 3.3.1. Prior informed consent Destination: 1 Item: Title: 3.3.2. Misuse of FRA Destination: 1 Item: Title: Indeed, the villages of Jamungarh and Kabathgai were relocated in 2015 just after receiving the CFRs. The families in the core area continued to face coercion, harassment and obstruction of activities (Deo 2016). This clearly shows the lack of commitm... Destination: 1 Item: Title: 3.3.3. Absence of scientific studies Destination: 1 Item: Title: While the communities continue to be discriminated from the conservation management activities, no studies and no expert-committee reports were available with the forest officials. This means that at the time of our field research there were no scient... Destination: 1 Item: Title: 3.3.4. Relocation from tiger reserve buffer areas and wildlife sanctuaries Destination: 1 Item: Title: According to available evidence, relocation has been taking place not only from the CTH, as it should be per law, after the free and informed consent is obtained by the gram sabha, but also from buffer areas, where co-existence is expected to be prior... Destination: 1 Item: Title: 3.4. The threat of the NTCA Destination: 1 Item: Title: The disposal of money instead of supporting people has created a situation in which plans of “voluntary relocation” were prioritized and cautiously planned in every state instead of implementing Forest Rights Act for the benefit of the forest communit... Destination: 1 Item: Title: 3.5. Relocation from Wildlife Sanctuaries Destination: 1 Item: Title: As explained above, the relocation guidelines are regulated by the NTCA, which has the task to manage the voluntary relocation from the tiger reserves. While in respect to the Wildlife Sanctuaries, the guidelines for the relocation were not yet approv... Destination: 1 Item: Title: As per MoEF website, between 2011 and 2014 a total of INR 2,838 lakh was released under the “Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats” scheme for the relocation from Wayanad and Malabar WLS in Kerala, Barnawapara WLS in Chattisgarh and Thoranghtlan... Destination: 1 Item: Title: It was reported that the forest authorities were using the same NTCA package for the relocation of people from these non-Tiger reserves. This brings leads to evictions which are coerced and denigrating for the affected people, often evicted without an... Destination: 1 Item: Title: The general conflict in the idea of “relocation” is born from the contested nature of the problems and solutions. Indeed, as Sundar (2012) argues, “while the forest department defines the problem in terms of the villagers’ use of forests as the cause ... Destination: 1 Item: Title: However, if we look at the international eco-political context this would not appear so surprising. But in India, the discourse around biodiversity has moved from “protection” to “offset”, a compensation measure that portrays nature as something measu... Destination: 1 Item: Title: Moreover, in a socio-cultural milieu as in India, which is already ruled by a strong hierarchical power, the neoliberal policies have contributed in reaffirming this power of submission by redefining the power of violence, which continues to be based ... Destination: 1 Item: Title: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Destination: 1 Item: Title: Tiger Link. 2009. “TigerLink: NEWS.” Tiger Link, December, 2009. http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/docs/Tiger_Link_Magazine_2009_Final.pdf Destination: 1 Info: Author: dell Creator: Microsoft Word CreationDate: Fri Mar 05 10:06:06 CET 2021 ModDate: Fri Mar 05 10:06:06 CET 2021 ID: 0xc96131b7396e7045b58b9a2c45415847, 0xc96131b7396e7045b58b9a2c45415847 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type0: Font: BaseFont: BCDHEE+Garamond Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: TimesNewRomanPSMT Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: SymbolMT Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: BCDFEE+Garamond-Italic Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true TrueType: Font: Name: F10 BaseFont: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 53 FontDescriptor: FontName: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -498, -216, 1333, 694 Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: Name: F11 BaseFont: 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