ec4914f7670c3cbae75367e7074972e2 pmc_30577586.pdf f410c81b9d7b2f09d3a12b6dbe6c390d354e0da4 pmc_30577586.pdf d1a4880d4f7ca90d6c24969818fb30344cf7781c9ccaa7a8e9a13377a6f9872f pmc_30577586.pdf Title: Lgr5 Does Not Vary Throughout the Menstrual Cycle in Endometriotic Human Eutopic Endometrium Subject: Endometriosis is characterized by the abnormal presence of endometrium outside of the uterus, resulting in pelvic pain and infertility. The leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has been postulated to be a marker of stem cells in the endometrium. However, LGR5+ cells have a macrophage-like phenotype in this tissue, so it is unclear what role LGR5+ cells actually play in the endometrium. Macrophages serve an important function in the endometrium to maintain fertility, while LGR5+ cells generally have a role in tumor progression and are involved in invasion in some cancers. We sought to determine whether LGR5+ cells vary across the menstrual cycle in women with endometriosis and whether there are implications for LGR5 in the aggressiveness of endometriosis and reproductive outcomes. We performed immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and primary culture in vitro experiments on eutopic and ectopic endometrium from healthy and endometriosis patients and observed that neither LGR5+ cells nor LGR5 expression varied throughout the cycle. Interestingly, we observed that LGR5+ cell percentage overexpressing CD163 (anti-inflammatory marker) was higher in healthy endometrium, suggesting that in endometriosis, endometrium presents a more pro-inflammatory phenotype that likely leads to poor obstetric outcomes. We also observed higher levels of LGR5+ cells in ectopic lesions compared to eutopic endometrium and specifically in deep infiltrating endometriosis, indicating that LGR5 could be involved in progression and aggressiveness of the disease. Keywords: LGR5; endometrium; endometriosis; menstrual cycle; macrophages Author: Júlia Vallvé-Juanico, Cristian Barón, Elena Suárez-Salvador, Josep Castellví, Agustín Ballesteros, Antonio Gil-Moreno and Xavier Santamaria Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Fri Dec 21 06:54:53 2018 CET ModDate: Fri Dec 21 06:54:53 2018 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2668881 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MCESNB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 90 0 NNPFXO+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 91 0 DGBDNV+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 92 0 QCMBVF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 93 0 CIQLLF+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 94 0 CKUPDE+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 99 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 100 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 119 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 120 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 121 0 CIDFont+F1 CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 199 0 CIDFont+F2 CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 200 0 CIDFont+F3 CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 201 0 CIDFont+F4 CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 202 0 CIDFont+F1 CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 250 0 CIDFont+F2 CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 251 0 CIDFont+F3 CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 252 0 CIDFont+F3 CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 253 0 CIDFont+F1 CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 254 0 BEYLUV+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 318 0 IAFOCY+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 351 0 PXEKZD+CMBSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 358 0 java.lang.ClassCastException: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject cannot be cast to edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfDictionary at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.PdfModule.readDocCatalogDict(PdfModule.java:1284) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.PdfModule.parse(PdfModule.java:525) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.processFile(JhoveBase.java:825) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.process(JhoveBase.java:614) at edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.JhoveBase.dispatch(JhoveBase.java:465) at Jhove.main(Jhove.java:296) Jhove (Rel. 1.6, 2011-01-04) Date: 2019-05-17 04:58:21 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_30577586.pdf ReportingModule: BYTESTREAM, Rel. 1.3 (2007-04-10) LastModified: 2019-05-06 03:37:50 CEST Size: 2668881 Format: bytestream Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/octet-stream Checksum: 1fdbd677 Type: CRC32 Checksum: ec4914f7670c3cbae75367e7074972e2 Type: MD5 Checksum: f410c81b9d7b2f09d3a12b6dbe6c390d354e0da4 Type: SHA-1