dc32be9489281d90ab16537cf0a9a20d pmc_30682848.pdf 4660867c503a837d73445ceb958f179acab7ddb4 pmc_30682848.pdf 8ea97b5e3dde9f774bb65dfc494c8de624b102169d13db3ec7b7fb2acdfe804a pmc_30682848.pdf Title: Dairy Product Consumption and Metabolic Diseases in the Di@bet.es Study Subject: To date it is not clear what the role of dairy products is in metabolic diseases like diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the association between dairy product consumption and those pathologies. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5081 adults included in the di@bet.es study, from 100 health centers around Spain. Food frequency questionnaires were carried out concerning consumption habits, which included dairy product consumption. Logistic regression models were used for the association analyses between the variables controlling confounding variables. Women had a higher consumption of milk, cheese, or yogurt than men (p < 0.0001), but men consumed more sugar dairy products (p < 0.001). People who live in the North of Spain consume more dairy products than those who live in the East. Dairy product consumption was inversely associated with the presence of hypertension regardless of age, sex, geographical region, and body mass index (BMI) (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.743; p = 0.022). The presence of obesity was inversely associated with dairy consumption regardless of age, sex, and geographical region (OR 0.61; p < 0.001). Milk consumption was not associated with diabetes. Our results show that consuming dairy products is associated with a better metabolic profile in the Spanish population. Keywords: dairy; yogurt; milk; diabetes; obesity; hypertension Author: Ana Lago-Sampedro, Eva García-Escobar, Elehazara Rubio-Martín, Nuria Pascual-Aguirre, Sergio Valdés, Federico Soriguer, Albert Goday, Alfonso Calle-Pascual, Conxa Castell, Edelmiro Menéndez, Elías Delgado, Elena Bordiú, Luis Castaño, Josep Franch-Nadal, Juan Girbés, Felipe Javier Chaves, Sonia Gaztambide, Gemma Rojo-Martínez and Gabriel Olveira Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Thu Jan 24 13:34:59 2019 CET ModDate: Thu Jan 24 13:34:59 2019 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 275127 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- NUFIJW+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 63 0 FBMIKN+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 64 0 NBDQEL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 65 0 ZDGFKH+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 66 0 WGMUKG+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 67 0 HGMNRX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 72 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 89 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 90 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 91 0 AHSHLD+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 154 0 CKBPVA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 166 0 QLBIEB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 173 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2020-08-10 12:58:27 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_30682848.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2020-07-06 04:16:03 CEST Size: 275127 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: ぉのぴひはつふっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸲ Item: Title: きちぴづひどちぬびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰きづぴとはつびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぐはばふぬちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ざちひどちぢぬづびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづつふひづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こぴふつべぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Children: Item: Title: ぐはばふぬちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ざちひどちぢぬづびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづつふひづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こぴふつべぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: ざちひどちぢぬづびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづつふひづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こぴふつべぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こぴふつべぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: げづびふぬぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: いどびっふびびどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: ぃはのっぬふびどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⹁⸩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いど぀ぢづぴ〮づびぜ〴ぜ〰こぴふつべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⹁⸩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げづてづひづのっづび Item: Title: いど぀ぢづぴ〮づびぜ〴ぜ〰こぴふつべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⹁⸩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げづてづひづのっづび Item: Title: げづてづひづのっづび Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: FBMIKN+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: FBMIKN+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: NBDQEL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 178 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: NBDQEL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: ZDGFKH+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZDGFKH+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: WGMUKG+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 145 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: WGMUKG+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: CKBPVA+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 11 LastChar: 11 FontDescriptor: FontName: CKBPVA+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: AHSHLD+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 21 FontDescriptor: FontName: AHSHLD+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: QLBIEB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 110 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: QLBIEB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: NUFIJW+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: NUFIJW+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 75, 757, 210, 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 757, 519, 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 314, 660, 325, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 443, 633, 454, 647 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 429, 606, 440, 620 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 193, 595, 204, 606 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 201, 518, 220 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 170, 38, 244, 50 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 393, 38, 519, 50 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 161, 552, 168, 561 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 525, 172, 534 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 252, 498, 259, 507 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 117, 471, 124, 480 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 124, 471, 131, 480 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 444, 203, 453 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 152, 430, 159, 439 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 376, 110, 385 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 467, 349, 474, 358 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 453, 322, 460, 331 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 289, 295, 301, 304 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 409, 282, 421, 291 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 421, 282, 433, 291 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 450, 255, 457, 264 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 380, 228, 392, 237 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 395, 228, 407, 237 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 214, 478, 223 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 214, 490, 223 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 203, 201, 215, 210 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 106, 330, 115 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 504, 106, 516, 115 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 504, 93, 516, 102 ActionDest: 285 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 292, 188, 304, 197 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 341, 120, 353, 129 ActionDest: 285 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 156, 621, 168, 630 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 484, 411, 491, 423 ActionDest: 170 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 398, 371, 405, 383 ActionDest: 170 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 330, 408, 342 ActionDest: 170 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 367, 317, 374, 329 ActionDest: 170 Page: Sequence: 5 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 713, 160, 725 ActionDest: 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 686, 455, 698 ActionDest: 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 437, 351, 444, 363 ActionDest: 180 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 138, 713, 145, 725 ActionDest: 199 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 504, 321, 516, 330 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 451, 240, 463, 249 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 240, 478, 249 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 383, 200, 395, 209 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 398, 200, 410, 209 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 173, 240, 182 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 386, 146, 393, 155 ActionDest: 255 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 260, 742, 272, 751 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 419, 742, 431, 751 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 702, 208, 711 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 702, 221, 711 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 661, 223, 670 ActionDest: 297 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 250, 621, 262, 630 ActionDest: 297 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 526, 515, 535 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 139, 486, 151, 495 ActionDest: 255 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 154, 486, 166, 495 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 386, 378, 398, 387 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 176, 364, 188, 373 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 189, 364, 200, 373 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 490, 364, 502, 373 ActionDest: 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 502, 364, 514, 373 ActionDest: 285 Page: Sequence: 9 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 313, 623, 351, 633 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 357, 623, 393, 633 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 596, 516, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 584, 136, 594 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 532, 306, 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 493, 451, 504 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 457, 493, 493, 504 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 442, 137, 452 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 403, 137, 413 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 259, 364, 296, 375 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 364, 338, 375 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 338, 385, 349 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 338, 427, 349 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 287, 258, 297 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 348, 247, 386, 258 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 223, 516, 233 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 210, 136, 220 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 170, 420, 181 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 170, 462, 181 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 144, 516, 155 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 132, 136, 142 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 172, 106, 209, 116 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 216, 106, 252, 116 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 393, 715, 430, 725 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 715, 473, 725 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 162, 663, 200, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 206, 663, 242, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 219, 625, 256, 635 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 625, 298, 635 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 598, 516, 609 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 586, 136, 596 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 560, 451, 570 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 508, 137, 519 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 352, 469, 389, 480 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 279, 431, 316, 441 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 437, 391, 474, 402 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 480, 391, 516, 402 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 302, 136, 312 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 276, 248, 286 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 255, 276, 291, 286 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 387, 249, 425, 260 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 249, 467, 260 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 212, 137, 222 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 185, 486, 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 147, 318, 157 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 120, 447, 131 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 185, 94, 222, 105 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 94, 265, 105 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 172, 69, 208, 80 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 149, 715, 187, 725 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 675, 516, 686 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 663, 136, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 76, 621, 166, 652 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 234, 616, 424, 627 Checksum: b8ec1b0a Type: CRC32 Checksum: dc32be9489281d90ab16537cf0a9a20d Type: MD5 Checksum: 4660867c503a837d73445ceb958f179acab7ddb4 Type: SHA-1