6e1f6d3f642c383d0a08390126cc6bee pmc_30708937.pdf 40e81f6b01548275dfce71525a1a271aa989aa94 pmc_30708937.pdf 25d19f6a7d99652ec103bb4b2a495766aea32f978c25cec283ba2c4b074c317f pmc_30708937.pdf Title: Single and Double Strand Sperm DNA Damage: Different Reproductive Effects on Male Fertility Subject: Reproductive diseases have become a growing worldwide problem and male factor plays an important role in the reproductive diagnosis, prognosis and design of assisted reproductive treatments. Sperm cell holds the mission of carrying the paternal genetic complement to the oocyte in order to contribute to an euploid zygote with proper DNA integrity. Sperm DNA fragmentation had been used for decades as a male fertility test, however, its usefulness have arisen multiple debates, especially around Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) treatments. In the recent years, it has been described that different types of sperm DNA breaks (single and double strand DNA breaks) cause different clinical reproductive effects. On one hand, single-strand DNA breaks are present extensively as a multiple break points in all regions of the genome, are related to oxidative stress and cause a lack of clinical pregnancy or an increase of the conception time. On the other hand, double-strand DNA breaks are mainly localized and attached to the sperm nuclear matrix as a very few break points, are possibly related to a lack of DNA repair in meiosis and cause a higher risk of miscarriage, low embryo quality and higher risk of implantation failure in ICSI cycles. The present work also reviews different studies that may contribute in the understanding of sperm chromatin as well as treatments to prevent sperm DNA damage. Keywords: sperm DNA damage; DNA fragmentation; infertility; assisted reproduction; miscarriage; implantation Author: Jordi Ribas-Maynou and Jordi Benet Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Thu Jan 31 05:04:18 2019 CET ModDate: Thu Jan 31 05:04:18 2019 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2460560 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YYCCLS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 69 0 EAXHGR+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 70 0 PFASXA+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 71 0 DWOQPI+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 72 0 KORLVE+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 73 0 HIZBRM+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 78 0 KONDUX+EuphemiaUCAS-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi 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