46706f779a321e945269f8a0bdf5991f pmc_31427607.pdf 8ccfc83efff3eab41f9578fb696dd0ad15e22826 pmc_31427607.pdf 2226a7531783e46c0211775ccc1b6c50ad0a36f0b1da687ade152f2ed93ac2d6 pmc_31427607.pdf Title: Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit analysis Subject: Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47647-x Keywords: Creator: Springer Producer: iText® 5.3.5 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (AGPL-version) CreationDate: Sat Aug 10 12:03:25 2019 CEST ModDate: Tue Aug 13 12:33:42 2019 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: AcroForm JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 782.362 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 1772153 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.4 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MYMPUF+Corbel-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 73 0 BHPYRY+Corbel-BoldItalic Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 475 0 MinionPro-Regular Type 1C Custom yes no yes 75 0 SUCHKB+Corbel-Bold2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 76 0 CUVWMC+Corbel2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 78 0 SRNEAT+Corbel CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 79 0 MyriadPro-It Type 1C WinAnsi yes no yes 80 0 ZFYRPF+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 476 0 MinionPro-It Type 1C Custom yes no yes 74 0 EuclidSymbol Type 1C Custom yes no yes 77 0 CUVWMC+Corbel2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 407 0 FLIXVT+STIXGeneral-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 147 0 MinionPro-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes no yes 170 0 EuclidSymbol-Bold Type 1C Custom yes no yes 187 0 MinionPro-BoldIt Type 1C WinAnsi yes no yes 263 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2020-08-10 12:32:36 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_31427607.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2020-03-16 03:43:10 CET Size: 1772153 Format: PDF Version: 1.4 Status: Well-Formed, but not valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 1. Aboveground biomass was harvested in six different times (68, 139, 207, 269, 361 and 454 days after planting). Left panels (a,c) show the yield in each of the harvests, and the right panels (b,d) show the total yield of the exp:70' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 1. Aboveground biomass was harvested in six different times (68, 139, 207, 269, 361 and 454 days after planting). Left panels (a,c) show the yield in each of the harvests, and the right panels (b,d) show the total yield of the ex:75' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 2. Aboveground biomass was harvested in two or three different times (42 and 75 days after planting for Brachiaria, and 42, 90 and 116 after planting for Panicum) in the field trial. Left panels (a,c) show the yield in each of the:77' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 3. Left panel: Principal Components Analysis of foliar nutrient concentration, measured in a pot experiment with two forage grasses (Brachiaria and Panicum). Foliar nutrient concentration was measured in six different times (harvests):78' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 3. Left panel: Principal Components Analysis of foliar nutrient concentration, measured in a pot experiment with two forage grasses (Brachiaria and Panicum). Foliar nutrient concentration was measured in six different times (harvests:79' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 3. Left panel: Principal Components Analysis of foliar nutrient concentration, measured in a pot experiment with two forage grasses (Brachiaria and Panicum). Foliar nutrient concentration was measured in six different times (harvest:80' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 3. Left panel: Principal Components Analysis of foliar nutrient concentration, measured in a pot experiment with two forage grasses (Brachiaria and Panicum). Foliar nutrient concentration was measured in six different times (harves:81' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 2. Aboveground biomass was harvested in two or three different times (42 and 75 days after planting for Brachiaria, and 42, 90 and 116 after planting for Panicum) in the field trial. Left panels (a,c) show the yield in each of th:82' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 4. Principal Components Analysis of soil chemical parameters measured in a greenhouse experiment with two forage grasses (Panicum and Brachiaria). Each point in the figure represents a replicate (pot), and their colors indicate the di:83' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 3. Left panel: Principal Components Analysis of foliar nutrient concentration, measured in a pot experiment with two forage grasses (Brachiaria and Panicum). Foliar nutrient concentration was measured in six different times (harve:84' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 4. Principal Components Analysis of soil chemical parameters measured in a greenhouse experiment with two forage grasses (Panicum and Brachiaria). Each point in the figure represents a replicate (pot), and their colors indicate the d:85' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 4. Principal Components Analysis of soil chemical parameters measured in a greenhouse experiment with two forage grasses (Panicum and Brachiaria). Each point in the figure represents a replicate (pot), and their colors indicate the :87' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_47647.indd:Figure 5. Comparison of the costs, in US$, of each treatment used in the experiment associated with forage grasses Brachiaria. For each treatment, represented in each bar of the graph, the cost in dollars was estimated considering that 15t of :90' cannot be found Offset: 1428257 MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 559 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: false CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseOutlines Language: EN Outlines: Item: Title: Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit analysis Children: Item: Title: Methods Children: Item: Title: Study site. Item: Title: Experimental design and pasture management. Item: Title: Biochar production. Item: Title: Biomass analysis. Item: Title: Soil sampling and analysis. Item: Title: Statistical analysis. Item: Title: Cost-benefit analysis and ecosystem services valuation. Item: Title: Results Children: Item: Title: Forage productivity and nutrient content. Item: Title: Soil properties. Item: Title: Cost-benefit analysis and ecosystem services valuation. Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Acknowledgements Item: Title: Figure 1 Aboveground biomass was harvested in six different times (68, 139, 207, 269, 361 and 454 days after planting). Item: Title: Figure 2 Aboveground biomass was harvested in two or three different times (42 and 75 days after planting for Brachiaria, and 42, 90 and 116 after planting for Panicum) in the field trial. Item: Title: Figure 3 Left panel: Principal Components Analysis of foliar nutrient concentration, measured in a pot experiment with two forage grasses (Brachiaria and Panicum). Item: Title: Figure 4 Principal Components Analysis of soil chemical parameters measured in a greenhouse experiment with two forage grasses (Panicum and Brachiaria). Item: Title: Figure 5 Comparison of the costs, in US$, of each treatment used in the experiment associated with forage grasses Brachiaria. Item: Title: Table 1 Results of mixed effect models with six repeated measures on the effects of Biochar, Fertilizer and Inoculant (for Brachiaria only) (and their interactions) on the dry and fresh biomass of Brachiaria and Panicum forage grasses in a pot experiment. Item: Title: Table 2 Percent differences between treatments and control regarding dry and fresh matter of two forage grasses (Brachiaria and Panicum) in the pot experiment in a full factorial design. Item: Title: Table 3 Results of generalized linear models showing the effects of biochar, fertilizer and inoculant (and their interactions) on soil chemical parameters measured in a greenhouse experiment with two forage grasses (Panicum and Brachiaria). 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