292176500948e55efe267c192de2cf5e pmc_31500371.pdf 0f050e251ac970e016827386b1a622228b8b3ccb pmc_31500371.pdf bcb990a6b46b3d11e19c5e086c452fbd1537bb5e8f969e3aa9df96bcf6bc6cda pmc_31500371.pdf Title: Assessment of Inner Retinal Layers and Choroidal Thickness in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study Subject: Recent studies have shown that retinal neurodegeneration may precede visible vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR). In addition, the relationship of choroidal thickness (CT) with DR stage is not well defined. To assess the inner retinal and choroidal structural changes in type 1 diabetic subjects (T1D), a cross-sectional study was conducted in 242 T1D patients and in 69 age-matched, non-diabetic individuals. The nasal retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness was lower in T1D patients without DR (p < 0.001), with mild DR (p < 0.001), and with advanced DR (p < 0.001) compared to control subjects. The ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness was lower in T1D patients with advanced DR compared to those with mild DR (p = 0.003) and without DR (p < 0.001) and compared to the control subjects (p < 0.001). T1D subjects with no DR and mild DR had higher CT than the control subjects, but the CT in T1D patients with advanced DR was lower (p = 0.038) than that in T1D subjects with mild DR and was not significantly different from that of the control subjects. In conclusion, T1D subjects showed a significant thinning of the nasal RNFL in the early stages of the disease, even before any vascular changes in the retina. A decrease in the GCL thickness during advanced DR stages was observed. Choroidal thickness was higher in T1D subjects without DR and in early DR stages but decreased in advanced stages. Keywords: type 1 diabetes; diabetic retinopathy; retinal nerve fibre layer; ganglion cell layer; choroid Author: Marc Carbonell, Núria Alonso, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Jordi Real, Anna Ramírez-Morros, Rafael Simó, Cristina Hernández, Carme Jurjo, Alícia Traveset, Xavier Valldeperas and Dídac Mauricio Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.15 CreationDate: Sun Sep 8 11:52:10 2019 CEST ModDate: Sun Sep 8 11:52:10 2019 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2308056 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- UMNYIM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 90 0 GTGEYE+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 91 0 QTLELQ+Pxbsy Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 92 0 JCYIDT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 93 0 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PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: ぉのぴひはつふっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸲ Item: Title: ぅへばづひどねづのぴちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こづっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぐちぴどづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃぬどのどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁびびづびびねづのぴぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰くばとぴとちぬねどっぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへちねどのちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Children: Item: Title: ぐちぴどづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃぬどのどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁびびづびびねづのぴぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰くばとぴとちぬねどっぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへちねどのちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: ぃぬどのどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁびびづびびねづのぴぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰くばとぴとちぬねどっぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへちねどのちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: くばとぴとちぬねどっぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへちねどのちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: げづびふぬぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰くばとぴとちぬねはぬはでどっぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへちねどのちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰くばとぴとちぬねはぬはでどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁびびはっどちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Children: Item: Title: くばとぴとちぬねはぬはでどっぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへちねどのちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰くばとぴとちぬねはぬはでどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁびびはっどちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: くばとぴとちぬねはぬはでどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁびびはっどちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: いどびっふびびどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げぎうがぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぇぃがぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとはひはどつぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴふつべぜ〴ぜ〰こぴひづのでぴとびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰がどねどぴちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Children: Item: Title: げぎうがぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぇぃがぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとはひはどつぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴふつべぜ〴ぜ〰こぴひづのでぴとびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰がどねどぴちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: ぃとはひはどつぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴふつべぜ〴ぜ〰こぴひづのでぴとびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰がどねどぴちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: こぴふつべぜ〴ぜ〰こぴひづのでぴとびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰がどねどぴちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: ぃはのっぬふびどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: げづてづひづのっづび Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: OFLXAT+Rpxr FontSubset: true FirstChar: 11 LastChar: 62 FontDescriptor: FontName: OFLXAT+Rpxr Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -283, 904, 728 FontFile: true 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