bdcd63b96215f0fb40d2e6e8c7cbc01a pmc_31569607.pdf 89fab489e258449eb882503f207ff1a653fffdd1 pmc_31569607.pdf d6296339448c55668903d1682933f2041c8b2f19d996435d639bff99ed68a99e pmc_31569607.pdf Title: What Difference Does it Make? Risk-Taking Behavior in Obesity after a Loss is Associated with Decreased Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity Subject: Altered activity in decision-making neural circuitry may underlie the maladaptive food choices found in obesity. Here, we aimed to identify the brain regions purportedly underpinning risk-taking behavior in individuals with obesity. Twenty-three adult women with obesity and twenty-three healthy weight controls completed the Risky Gains Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This task allows participants to choose between a safe option for a small, guaranteed monetary reward and risky options with larger rewards. fMRI analyses comparing losing trials to winning trials found that participants with obesity presented decreased activity in the left anterior insula in comparison to controls (p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected). Moreover, left insula activation during losses vs. wins was negatively correlated with UPPS-P questionnaire sensation seeking scores. During safe vs. risky trials following a loss, the control group exhibited increased activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected) in comparison to the OB group. Moreover, vmPFC response in the obesity group during post-loss trials was negatively correlated with risky choices on the task overall. As a whole, our findings support that diminished tuning of the insula towards interoceptive signals may lead to a lack of input to the vmPFC when weighing the costs and benefits of risky choices. Keywords: obesity; fMRI; risk; reward; sensation seeking; impulsivity Author: Trevor Steward, Asier Juaneda-Seguí, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Nuria Vilarrasa, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Jose A Fernández-Formoso, Misericordia Veciana de las Heras, Nuria Custal, Nuria Virgili, Rafael Lopez-Urdiales, Amador García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela, José M Menchón, Carles Soriano-Mas and Fernando Fernandez-Aranda Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Fri Sep 27 05:42:03 2019 CEST ModDate: Fri Sep 27 05:42:03 2019 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 943069 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- VXWSEL+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 109 0 ZJFKWU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 110 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WinAnsi yes yes no 261 0 EPIDGD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 262 0 EPIDOB+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 263 0 EPICPA+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 308 0 EPIDBB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 309 0 EPIDGB+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 310 0 EPIDGD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 311 0 EPIDOB+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 312 0 VSHNAE+Rpcxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 429 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2020-08-10 12:25:56 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_31569607.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2020-07-13 03:39:46 CEST Size: 943069 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: ぉのぴひはつふっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸲ Item: Title: きづぴとはつびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぐちひぴどっどばちのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉねばふぬびどぶどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰さぐぐこ〭ぐぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぁのぴとひはばはねづぴひどっぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰てきげぉぜ〴ぜ〰げどびにべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇちどのびぜ〴ぜ〰ごちびにぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉの〭こっちののづひぜ〴ぜ〰あづとちぶどはひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㘩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁっぱふどびどぴどはの〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづ〭ばひはっづびびどので〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸶⸱ Children: Item: Title: ぐちひぴどっどばちのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉねばふぬびどぶどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰さぐぐこ〭ぐぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぁのぴとひはばはねづぴひどっぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰てきげぉぜ〴ぜ〰げどびにべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇちどのびぜ〴ぜ〰ごちびにぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉの〭こっちののづひぜ〴ぜ〰あづとちぶどはひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㘩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁっぱふどびどぴどはの〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづ〭ばひはっづびびどので〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸶⸱ Item: Title: ぉねばふぬびどぶどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰さぐぐこ〭ぐぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぁのぴとひはばはねづぴひどっぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰てきげぉぜ〴ぜ〰げどびにべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇちどのびぜ〴ぜ〰ごちびにぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉの〭こっちののづひぜ〴ぜ〰あづとちぶどはひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㘩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁっぱふどびどぴどはの〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづ〭ばひはっづびびどので〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸶⸱ Item: Title: ぁのぴとひはばはねづぴひどっぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰てきげぉぜ〴ぜ〰げどびにべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇちどのびぜ〴ぜ〰ごちびにぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉの〭こっちののづひぜ〴ぜ〰あづとちぶどはひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㘩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁっぱふどびどぴどはの〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづ〭ばひはっづびびどので〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸶⸱ Item: Title: てきげぉぜ〴ぜ〰げどびにべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇちどのびぜ〴ぜ〰ごちびにぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉの〭こっちののづひぜ〴ぜ〰あづとちぶどはひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㘩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁっぱふどびどぴどはの〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづ〭ばひはっづびびどので〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸶⸱ Item: Title: ぉの〭こっちののづひぜ〴ぜ〰あづとちぶどはひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㘩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁっぱふどびどぴどはの〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづ〭ばひはっづびびどので〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸶⸱ Item: Title: ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁっぱふどびどぴどはの〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづ〭ばひはっづびびどので〬ぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸶⸱ Children: Item: Title: てきげぉぜ〴ぜ〰ぉねちでづぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづばひはっづびびどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸶⸲ Item: Title: うどひびぴ〭がづぶづぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸶⸳ Item: Title: こづっはのつ〭がづぶづぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸲⸶⸴ Item: Title: こどでのどてどっちのっづぜ〴ぜ〰ごとひづびとはぬつどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㜩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびづびぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぎはの〭ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびづびぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぎはの〭ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: げづびふぬぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃぬどのどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰あづとちぶどはひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸳⸲⸱ Children: Item: Title: ぃぬどのどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰あづとちぶどはひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸳⸲⸱ Item: Title: ぉねちでどのでぜ〴ぜ〰いちぴちぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸳⸲⸱ Children: Item: Title: がはびびづびぜ〴ぜ〰ぶび〮ぜ〴ぜ〰しどのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獵扳散瑩潮⸳⸲⸲ Item: Title: こちてづぜ〴ぜ〰ぃとはどっづびぜ〴ぜ〰ぶび〮ぜ〴ぜ〰げどびにべぜ〴ぜ〰ぃとはどっづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃはひひづぬちぴどはのびぜ〴ぜ〰ぢづぴぷづづのぜ〴ぜ〰あひちどのぜ〴ぜ〰ぁっぴどぶちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぐちぴぴづひのびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰あづとちぶどはひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: ぃはひひづぬちぴどはのびぜ〴ぜ〰ぢづぴぷづづのぜ〴ぜ〰あひちどのぜ〴ぜ〰ぁっぴどぶちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぐちぴぴづひのびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰あづとちぶどはひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰きづちびふひづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: いどびっふびびどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: ぃはのっぬふびどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: げづてづひづのっづび Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: QTLELQ+Pxbsy FontSubset: true FirstChar: 121 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: QTLELQ+Pxbsy Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 5, -978, 1382, 913 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