66eee35ada0d0c921bcbfb368d555721 pmc_31671508.pdf 49587c8623d05018c633569e0850b0dfa81c09c9 pmc_31671508.pdf b767f30541bfe7f2df9911c47e8c121c6c6991fa926799d33eeba07b8abf2c38 pmc_31671508.pdf Title: Effectiveness of Integrative Laughter Therapy to Reduce Anxiety, Improve Self-Esteem and Increase Happiness: A Naturalistic Study at a Day Hospital for Addictive Disorders Subject: Little is known about the effectiveness of laughter therapy as an adjunctive treatment for patients with addictive disorders. This study aims to evaluate the benefits of integrative laughter therapy (ILT) on levels of self-esteem, anxiety, and happiness in patients treated for addiction at a day hospital (DH). A prospective, naturalistic study with a pre-post design was conducted. All 185 participants received the standard, multicomponent treatment at the DH (treatment as usual; TAU). The participants were also invited to attend weekly ILT sessions. Upon completion of the 2-month DH treatment program, patients were classified according to their attendance at the ILT sessions: patients who attended 80% constituted the experimental group (TAU + ILT group) while those who attended <80% were considered controls. Although both groups achieved statistically significant increases in self-esteem and happiness with a decrease in trait anxiety, the improvement on these variables was significantly greater in the TAU + ILT group. Subject to the limitations inherent to quasi-experimental research, the findings of the present study suggest that the addition of an ILT module to the standard treatment in a DH for addictive disorders may yield greater improvement in self-esteem, anxiety, and happiness compared to TAU. Keywords: laughter therapy; addictive disorders; day hospital treatment; mental health nursing; self-esteem; happiness; satisfaction with life; anxiety; quasi-experimental design Author: Seyla De Francisco, Cristina Torres, Sandra De Andrés, Ana Millet, M. Teresa Ricart, Elvira Hernández-Martínez-Esparza, Mercedes Abades and Joan Trujols Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Wed Oct 30 04:21:35 2019 CET ModDate: Wed Oct 30 04:21:35 2019 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 341568 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- LUCHJL+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 118 0 MTIJNK+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 119 0 OLPSFN+Rpxb Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 120 0 IOJCNK+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 121 0 GVBTVM+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 122 0 KORLVE+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 123 0 FATHTC+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 124 0 MDLVIU+Pxsy Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 125 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 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Title: ぐづねぢづひぴはのぜ〴ぜ〰えちばばどのづびびぜ〴ぜ〰ぉのつづへぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぐえぉぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぐひはっづつふひづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: ぐひはっづつふひづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: こぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: げづびふぬぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こはっどはつづねはでひちばとどっぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぃぬどのどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぃとちひちっぴづひどびぴどっびぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰こづぬて〭ぅびぴづづねぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰ごひちどぴぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのへどづぴべぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰えちばばどのづびびぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こづのびどぴどぶどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Children: Item: Title: こはっどはつづねはでひちばとどっぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぃぬどのどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぃとちひちっぴづひどびぴどっびぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰こづぬて〭ぅびぴづづねぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰ごひちどぴぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのへどづぴべぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰えちばばどのづびびぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こづのびどぴどぶどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰こづぬて〭ぅびぴづづねぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰ごひちどぴぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのへどづぴべぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰えちばばどのづびびぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こづのびどぴどぶどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰ごひちどぴぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのへどづぴべぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰えちばばどのづびびぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こづのびどぴどぶどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: ぃとちのでづびぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰えちばばどのづびびぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづぬどのづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰ごひづちぴねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰うどのちぬどぺちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぢべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇひはふばぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こづのびどぴどぶどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: こづのびどぴどぶどぴべぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: いどびっふびびどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴふつべぜ〴ぜ〰がどねどぴちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うふぴふひづぜ〴ぜ〰ぉねばぬどっちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Children: Item: Title: こぴふつべぜ〴ぜ〰がどねどぴちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うふぴふひづぜ〴ぜ〰ぉねばぬどっちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: うふぴふひづぜ〴ぜ〰ぉねばぬどっちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: ぃはのっぬふびどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: げづてづひづのっづび Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: FPWQRR+VnURWPalladioL-Italic FontSubset: true 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LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: KORLVE+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: WYANLJ+Rpxi FontSubset: true FirstChar: 61 LastChar: 61 FontDescriptor: FontName: WYANLJ+Rpxi Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -162, -280, 856, 733 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: FATHTC+Rpxr FontSubset: true FirstChar: 11 LastChar: 61 FontDescriptor: FontName: FATHTC+Rpxr Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -283, 904, 728 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: MDLVIU+Pxsy FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 21 FontDescriptor: FontName: MDLVIU+Pxsy Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -21, -994, 1292, 912 FontFile: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 75, 757, 221, 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 757, 519, 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 181, 621, 192, 634 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 337, 607, 348, 621 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 157, 594, 168, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 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Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 172, 264, 210, 274 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 216, 264, 252, 274 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 198, 239, 236, 249 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 242, 239, 278, 249 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 171, 212, 208, 223 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 212, 250, 223 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 136, 148, 173, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 422, 70, 460, 81 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 345, 727, 383, 738 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 389, 727, 425, 738 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 701, 516, 712 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 689, 136, 699 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 136, 573, 174, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 180, 573, 216, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 533, 374, 544 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 180, 470, 217, 480 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 223, 470, 259, 480 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 395, 443, 433, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 439, 443, 475, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 136, 418, 174, 428 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 391, 516, 402 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 379, 136, 389 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 353, 363, 364 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 369, 353, 405, 364 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 194, 315, 231, 325 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 237, 315, 273, 325 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 76, 273, 166, 304 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 234, 267, 407, 278 Checksum: c3ed8335 Type: CRC32 Checksum: 66eee35ada0d0c921bcbfb368d555721 Type: MD5 Checksum: 49587c8623d05018c633569e0850b0dfa81c09c9 Type: SHA-1