d534c9d068f796a2f1c50de1eedb80be pmc_31671597.pdf 18a9218299e865706a375f50a571f63608f7d3a8 pmc_31671597.pdf 7b72b56157fed12bcf1ebb005cc0f4195ea657f02fb69bef014e0ad268898bdf pmc_31671597.pdf Title: Machine Learning Techniques Applied to Multiband Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios Subject: In this work, three specific machine learning techniques (neural networks, expectation maximization and k-means) are applied to a multiband spectrum sensing technique for cognitive radios. All of them have been used as a classifier using the approximation coefficients from a Multiresolution Analysis in order to detect presence of one or multiple primary users in a wideband spectrum. Methods were tested on simulated and real signals showing a good performance. The results presented of these three methods are effective options for detecting primary user transmission on the multiband spectrum. These methodologies work for 99% of cases under simulated signals of SNR higher than 0 dB and are feasible in the case of real signals. Keywords: cognitive radios; multiband spectrum sensing; machine learning; neural networks Author: Yanqueleth Molina-Tenorio, Alfonso Prieto-Guerrero, Rafael Aguilar-Gonzalez and Silvia Ruiz-Boqué Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Wed Oct 30 10:49:19 2019 CET ModDate: Wed Oct 30 10:49:19 2019 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 22 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 12152914 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ADNPRT+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 89 0 JTSFXK+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 90 0 BTFGED+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 91 0 NZFOWL+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 92 0 PLOLAK+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 93 0 WDLIVJ+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 94 0 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HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: ぉのぴひはつふっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸲ Item: Title: ごとづはひづぴどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰あちびづびぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰ぉねばぬづねづのぴづつぜ〴ぜ〰きがぜ〴ぜ〰ごづっとのどぱふづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぎづふひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづぴぷはひにびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰か〭きづちのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅへばづっぴちぴどはの〭きちへどねどぺちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Children: Item: Title: ぎづふひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづぴぷはひにびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰か〭きづちのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅへばづっぴちぴどはの〭きちへどねどぺちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: か〭きづちのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅへばづっぴちぴどはの〭きちへどねどぺちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: ぅへばづっぴちぴどはの〭きちへどねどぺちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: きが〭あちびづつぜ〴ぜ〰きづぴとはつはぬはでべぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぎづふひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづぴぷはひにぜ〴ぜ〰ぷどぴとぜ〴ぜ〰きちのふちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ごとひづびとはぬつぜ〴ぜ〰こづぴぴどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぎづふひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづぴぷはひにぜ〴ぜ〰ぷどぴとぜ〴ぜ〰ちのぜ〴ぜ〰ぅきぜ〴ぜ〰ごとひづびとはぬつぜ〴ぜ〰こづぴぴどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きづぴとはつはぬはでべぜ〴ぜ〰さびどのでぜ〴ぜ〰ちぜ〴ぜ〰か〭きづちのびぜ〴ぜ〰ぃぬちびびどてどづひぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Children: Item: Title: ぎづふひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづぴぷはひにぜ〴ぜ〰ぷどぴとぜ〴ぜ〰きちのふちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ごとひづびとはぬつぜ〴ぜ〰こづぴぴどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぎづふひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづぴぷはひにぜ〴ぜ〰ぷどぴとぜ〴ぜ〰ちのぜ〴ぜ〰ぅきぜ〴ぜ〰ごとひづびとはぬつぜ〴ぜ〰こづぴぴどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きづぴとはつはぬはでべぜ〴ぜ〰さびどのでぜ〴ぜ〰ちぜ〴ぜ〰か〭きづちのびぜ〴ぜ〰ぃぬちびびどてどづひぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: ぎづふひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづぴぷはひにぜ〴ぜ〰ぷどぴとぜ〴ぜ〰ちのぜ〴ぜ〰ぅきぜ〴ぜ〰ごとひづびとはぬつぜ〴ぜ〰こづぴぴどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きづぴとはつはぬはでべぜ〴ぜ〰さびどのでぜ〴ぜ〰ちぜ〴ぜ〰か〭きづちのびぜ〴ぜ〰ぃぬちびびどてどづひぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: きづぴとはつはぬはでべぜ〴ぜ〰さびどのでぜ〴ぜ〰ちぜ〴ぜ〰か〭きづちのびぜ〴ぜ〰ぃぬちびびどてどづひぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: げづびふぬぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こどねふぬちぴづつぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こどでのちぬびぜ〴ぜ〰くぢぴちどのづつぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰ぅのぶどひはのねづのぴぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げづびふぬぴびぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰げづちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Children: Item: Title: こどねふぬちぴづつぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こどでのちぬびぜ〴ぜ〰くぢぴちどのづつぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰ぅのぶどひはのねづのぴぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げづびふぬぴびぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰げづちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: こどでのちぬびぜ〴ぜ〰くぢぴちどのづつぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰ぅのぶどひはのねづのぴぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げづびふぬぴびぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰げづちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: げづびふぬぴびぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰げづちぬぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: ぃはのっぬふびどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: げづてづひづのっづび Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: VSHNAE+Rpcxr FontSubset: true FirstChar: 169 LastChar: 169 FontDescriptor: FontName: VSHNAE+Rpcxr Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -212, -286, 1344, 973 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: ADNPRT+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 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