77a384fa565452fc1dfc4f94464e6918 pmc_31744128.pdf 472fb03aee0296cc722b094c2560b9cd4aaa77b6 pmc_31744128.pdf 5547de2d4e25307e4d13f3b5fc24f2b3e5f1a09e8158613ffb558aed15db8dc3 pmc_31744128.pdf Title: Voltammetric Electronic Tongue for the Simultaneous Determination of Three Benzodiazepines Subject: The presented manuscript reports the simultaneous detection of a ternary mixture of the benzodiazepines diazepam, lorazepam, and flunitrazepam using an array of voltammetric sensors and the electronic tongue principle. The electrodes used in the array were selected from a set of differently modified graphite epoxy composite electrodes; specifically, six electrodes were used incorporating metallic nanoparticles of Cu and Pt, oxide nanoparticles of CuO and WO3, plus pristine electrodes of epoxy-graphite and metallic Pt disk. Cyclic voltammetry was the technique used to obtain the voltammetric responses. Multivariate examination using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) justified the choice of sensors in order to get the proper discrimination of the benzodiazepines. Next, a quantitative model to predict the concentrations of mixtures of the three benzodiazepines was built employing the set of voltammograms, and was first processed with the Discrete Wavelet Transform, which fed an artificial neural network response model. The developed model successfully predicted the concentration of the three compounds with a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.034 and 0.106 for the training and test subsets, respectively, and coefficient of correlation R 0.938 in the predicted vs. expected concentrations comparison graph. Keywords: electronic tongue; nanoparticle modifiers; diazepam; lorazepam; flunitrazepam; artificial neural networks Author: Anna Herrera-Chacón, Farzad Torabi, Farnoush Faridbod, Jahan B. Ghasemi, Andreu González-Calabuig and Manel del Valle Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.19 CreationDate: Sat Nov 16 10:57:55 2019 CET ModDate: Sat Nov 16 10:57:55 2019 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2486177 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- EFYVHU+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 101 0 TOMMCL+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 102 0 ENXZUH+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 103 0 DLDKCB+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 104 0 OHKNFJ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 105 0 SVVJCD+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 106 0 OXATSO+Pxsy Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 107 0 RVSEMT+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 112 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular 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false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: ぉのぴひはつふっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸲ Item: Title: きちぴづひどちぬびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰きづぴとはつび〮ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぃとづねどっちぬびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰げづちでづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰きはつどてどづつぜ〴ぜ〰ぅぬづっぴひはつづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅぬづっぴひはのどっぜ〴ぜ〰ごはのでふづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きはつづぬぜ〴ぜ〰いづびどでのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Children: Item: Title: ぃとづねどっちぬびぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰げづちでづのぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰きはつどてどづつぜ〴ぜ〰ぅぬづっぴひはつづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅぬづっぴひはのどっぜ〴ぜ〰ごはのでふづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きはつづぬぜ〴ぜ〰いづびどでのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとづぜ〴ぜ〰きはつどてどづつぜ〴ぜ〰ぅぬづっぴひはつづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅぬづっぴひはのどっぜ〴ぜ〰ごはのでふづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きはつづぬぜ〴ぜ〰いづびどでのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: ぅぬづっぴひはのどっぜ〴ぜ〰ごはのでふづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰きはつづぬぜ〴ぜ〰いづびどでのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: きはつづぬぜ〴ぜ〰いづびどでのぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こちねばぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひづばちひちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㔩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: げづびふぬぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ざはぬぴちねねづぴひどっぜ〴ぜ〰ぁひひちべぜ〴ぜ〰げづびばはのびづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰けふちのぴどぴちぴどぶづぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどび〺ぜ〴ぜ〰ぁひぴどてどっどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづふひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづぴぷはひにぜ〴ぜ〰きはつづぬどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Children: Item: Title: ざはぬぴちねねづぴひどっぜ〴ぜ〰ぁひひちべぜ〴ぜ〰げづびばはのびづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰けふちのぴどぴちぴどぶづぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどび〺ぜ〴ぜ〰ぁひぴどてどっどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづふひちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぎづぴぷはひにぜ〴ぜ〰きはつづぬどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: 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