1d73c43d74f869e7ef904888cb94dffd ijenvrespubhea_a2020v17p7600.pdf eaea121e84c22da6fd79abdc7052ec1859a088fe ijenvrespubhea_a2020v17p7600.pdf a396714764e09224d50d17b014285f76f16c6344aa266e88f0914ac052760551 ijenvrespubhea_a2020v17p7600.pdf Title: The Role of Sleep Quality, Trait Anxiety and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Measures in Cognitive Abilities of Healthy Individuals Subject: Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive processes. Sleep and wake memory consolidation seem to be regulated by glucocorticoids, pointing out the potential role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive abilities. Trait anxiety is another factor that is likely to moderate the relationship between sleep and cognition, because poorer sleep quality and subtle HPA axis abnormalities have been reported in people with high trait anxiety. The current study aimed to explore whether HPA axis activity or trait anxiety moderate the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive abilities in healthy individuals. We studied 203 healthy individuals. We measured verbal and visual memory, working memory, processing speed, attention and executive function. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Trait anxiety was assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. HPA axis measures included the cortisol awakening response (CAR), diurnal cortisol slope and cortisol levels during the day. Multiple linear regression analyses explored the relationship between sleep quality and cognition and tested potential moderating effects by HPA axis measures and trait anxiety. Poor sleep quality was associated with poorer performance in memory, processing speed and executive function tasks. In people with poorer sleep quality, a blunted CAR was associated with poorer verbal and visual memory and executive functions, and higher cortisol levels during the day were associated with poorer processing speed. Trait anxiety was a moderator of visual memory and executive functioning. These results suggest that subtle abnormalities in the HPA axis and higher trait anxiety contribute to the relationship between lower sleep quality and poorer cognitive functioning in healthy individuals. Keywords: sleep quality; memory; cortisol; trait anxiety Author: Javier Labad, Neus Salvat-Pujol, Antonio Armario, Ángel Cabezas, Aida de Arriba-Arnau, Roser Nadal, Lourdes Martorell, Mikel Urretavizcaya, José Antonio Monreal, José Manuel Crespo, Elisabet Vilella, Diego José Palao, José Manuel Menchón and Virginia Soria Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Thu Oct 22 09:35:36 2020 CEST ModDate: Thu Oct 22 09:41:28 2020 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 431439 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MIDETX+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 QTOFRP+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 MYQURQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 DXKEYI+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 SBLSUZ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 FATHTC+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 32 0 LWQXII+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 40 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 43 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 69 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 73 0 TGMEOR+Rpcxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 86 0 ZMDQGW+Pxsy Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 90 0 NAOUCR+Rpxb Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 103 0 FAECIJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 107 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 117 0 ZYYJXI+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 124 0 GBLQZB+Rpxi Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 141 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 04:24:49 CEST RepresentationInformation: ijenvrespubhea_a2020v17p7600.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:39:33 CEST Size: 431439 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 420 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Sample Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Clinical Assessment Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Neuropsychological Assessment Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: HPA Axis Measures Destination: subsection.2.4 Children: Item: Title: CAR Destination: subsubsection.2.4.1 Item: Title: Diurnal Cortisol Slope Destination: subsubsection.2.4.2 Item: Title: Cortisol Levels over the Day Destination: subsubsection.2.4.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Univariate Analyses Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Exploratory Analysis by Gender and Age Range Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Multiple Linear Regression Analyses Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: The Role of Sleep Quality, Trait Anxiety and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Measures in Cognitive Abilities of Healthy Individuals Author: Javier Labad, Neus Salvat-Pujol, Antonio Armario, Ángel Cabezas, Aida de Arriba-Arnau, Roser Nadal, Lourdes Martorell, Mikel Urretavizcaya, José Antonio Monreal, José Manuel Crespo, Elisabet Vilella, Diego José Palao, José Manuel Menchón and Virginia Soria Subject: Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive processes. Sleep and wake memory consolidation seem to be regulated by glucocorticoids, pointing out the potential role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive abilities. Trait anxiety is another factor that is likely to moderate the relationship between sleep and cognition, because poorer sleep quality and subtle HPA axis abnormalities have been reported in people with high trait anxiety. The current study aimed to explore whether HPA axis activity or trait anxiety moderate the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive abilities in healthy individuals. We studied 203 healthy individuals. We measured verbal and visual memory, working memory, processing speed, attention and executive function. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Trait anxiety was assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. HPA axis measures included the cortisol awakening response (CAR), diurnal cortisol slope and cortisol levels during the day. Multiple linear regression analyses explored the relationship between sleep quality and cognition and tested potential moderating effects by HPA axis measures and trait anxiety. Poor sleep quality was associated with poorer performance in memory, processing speed and executive function tasks. In people with poorer sleep quality, a blunted CAR was associated with poorer verbal and visual memory and executive functions, and higher cortisol levels during the day were associated with poorer processing speed. Trait anxiety was a moderator of visual memory and executive functioning. These results suggest that subtle abnormalities in the HPA axis and higher trait anxiety contribute to the relationship between lower sleep quality and poorer cognitive functioning in healthy individuals. 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