43d60bdf735018f84adf2b994b0099fa animals_a2020v10n11p2083.pdf 5ff6474710ba5a705784da0993a4204d776bcb24 animals_a2020v10n11p2083.pdf eb04a4f748d26f85f33647cadbaf3e6f719d934a6ffe9c00a6f14564ddd0d72d animals_a2020v10n11p2083.pdf Title: Carbon Footprint Assessment of Spanish Dairy Cattle Farms: Effectiveness of Dietary and Farm Management Practices as a Mitigation Strategy Subject: Greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint (CF) were estimated in twelve Spanish dairy farms selected from three regions (Mediterranean, MED; Cantabric, CAN; and Central, CEN) using a partial life cycle assessment through the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM). The functional unit was 1 kg of energy corrected milk (ECM). Methane emissions accounted for the largest contribution to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The average CF (kg CO2-eq/kg of ECM) was 0.84, being the highest in MED (0.98), intermediate in CEN (0.84), and the lowest in CAN (0.67). Two extreme farms were selected for further simulations: one with the highest non-enteric methane (MED1), and another with the highest enteric methane (CAN2). Changes in management scenarios (increase milk production, change manure collection systems, change manure-type storage method, change bedding type and installation of an anaerobic digester) in MED1 were evaluated with the IFSM model. Changes in feeding strategies (reduce the forage: concentrate ratio, improve forage quality, use of ionophores) in CAN2 were evaluated with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model. Results indicate that changes in management (up to 27.5% reduction) were more efficient than changes in dietary practices (up to 3.5% reduction) in reducing the carbon footprint. Keywords: greenhouse gas; carbon footprint; dairy farm; methane Author: Ridha Ibidhi and Sergio Calsamiglia Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Tue Nov 10 08:51:47 2020 CET ModDate: Tue Nov 10 08:51:47 2020 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 391040 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PXMHFB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 97 0 KSXQWT+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 98 0 WOZBHT+Rpxb Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 99 0 EHSPRG+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 100 0 HKBJPQ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 101 0 SVVJCD+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 102 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 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