0b5ec43750423c8ffc475ea56f6969b5 publications_a2020v8n4p48.pdf e94e140a35ba14bd32001838697923bdc63da538 publications_a2020v8n4p48.pdf 5148d0055823d0cdb90a7fff7ba4b0004f097a3072909ff1d76366d0022678cd publications_a2020v8n4p48.pdf Title: Digital Literacy and Higher Education during COVID-19 Lockdown: Spain, Italy, and Ecuador Subject: Digital literacy constitutes the basis for citizenship in order to be effective and efficient in the 21st Century in professional and personal lives. The set of skills and competences integrating digital literacy are expected to be guaranteed in higher education. During the lockdown globally imposed for the COVID-19 pandemic, educational systems worldwide had to face many disruptive changes. The aim of this research is to present a comparative study of three countries’ higher education institutions (Spain, Italy, and Ecuador), analyzing how they have faced the global lockdown situation, focusing on the development of digital literacy. The methodological approach followed in this study was quantitative with an exploratory-correlational scope using a questionnaire designed ad hoc and applied in a sample of 376 students. Results point the necessity of enhancing the main aspects such as the teacher’s digital skills, sources for learning that may be adapted, communication between universities and students, and teaching methodologies that should be appropriate to the current context. Conclusions may suggest rethinking higher education learning and reinforcing main issues for this transformation, mainly: communication, teaching, and digital competences. Otherwise, digital literacy is not being guaranteed, which means higher education is not accomplishing one of its main objectives. Keywords: digital literacy; COVID-19; generation Z; students; lockdown; higher education; communication Author: Santiago Tejedor, Laura Cervi, Ana Pérez-Escoda and Fernanda Tusa Jumbo Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Fri Nov 6 04:50:01 2020 CET ModDate: Fri Nov 6 04:50:01 2020 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1724339 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- NDBVVO+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 86 0 IMBUXK+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 87 0 BTFGED+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 88 0 OZAVBA+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 89 0 WDLIVJ+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 90 0 JUKURE+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT 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