fb25b2787b4c12d6220143ca02ff54b0 forests_a2020v11n12p1280.pdf 7a3ef6175d7d58ce96513a5dc32ad3fea08becfd forests_a2020v11n12p1280.pdf 4f6cfbcfcc5e0920937dad6f19e8a9dcd828c01255ffb66d9b1c213a14bc0ad4 forests_a2020v11n12p1280.pdf Title: The Additions of Nitrogen and Sulfur Synergistically Decrease the Release of Carbon and Nitrogen from Litter in a Subtropical Forest Subject: Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition in subtropical forests has increased rapidly and the current level is very high, thus seriously affecting nutrient (e.g., N and phosphorus (P)) release from litter. However, the specific effects of S addition and its interaction with N on the release of carbon (C), N, and P from litter in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests are unclear. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was performed using a litterbag method in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in western China to examine the responses of litter decomposition and nutrient release to the control (CK), added N (+N), added S (+S), and added N and S (+NS) treatments. The results showed that the remaining litter mass, lignin, cellulose, C, N, P, and litter N/P ratio were higher, whereas the litter C/N ratio and soil pH were lower in the fertilization treatments than in CK. The annual decomposition coefficients (k-values) in the +N, +S, and +NS treatments were 0.384 0.002, 0.378 0.002, and 0.374 0.001 year-1, respectively, which were significantly lower than the k-values in CK (0.452 0.005 year-1, p < 0.05). The remaining mass, lignin, cellulose, C, and litter N/P ratio were higher, whereas the soil pH was lower in the +NS treatment than in the +N and +S. The interactive effects of N addition and S addition on the remaining litter lignin, cellulose, C, N, and P; the litter C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios; and the soil pH were significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of N and S synergistically decreased the degradation of lignin and cellulose and the release of C and N and increased the litter N/P ratio, suggesting that external N and S inputs synergistically slowed the release of C and N from litter and exacerbated litter P limitation during decomposition in this forest. Keywords: acid deposition; litter decomposition; C, N and P cycles; subtropical forest; nutrient limitation Author: Liehua Tie, Rao Fu, Josep Peñuelas, Jordi Sardans, Shibin Zhang, Shixing Zhou, Junxi Hu and Congde Huang Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Mon Nov 30 15:10:31 2020 CET ModDate: Mon Nov 30 15:19:40 2020 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3614082 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- QKZKVH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JMAXTT+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 PVRUXF+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 RTIJXJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 OFLXAT+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 28 0 DFIRNB+Pxsy Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 32 0 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ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 257 0 ABCDEE+Calibri TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 262 0 ABCDEE+Calibri,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 266 0 Times New Roman,Italic TrueType WinAnsi no no no 270 0 Times New Roman TrueType WinAnsi no no no 273 0 VSHNAE+Rpcxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 298 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2021-05-21 02:33:01 CEST RepresentationInformation: forests_a2020v11n12p1280.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2020-12-04 12:59:06 CET Size: 3614082 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 566 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Study Site Description Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Experimental Design Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Children: Item: Title: Leaf Collecting and Bagging Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Plot Design and Fertilization Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Litter and Soil Sampling and Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Children: Item: Title: Litter and Soil Sampling Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Sample Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Calculation of the Litter’s Stoichiometry, Remaining Mass, and Remaining Nutrients Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Children: Item: Title: Remaining Litter Mass and Decomposition Coefficient Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Remaining Litter Lignin and Cellulose Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Remaining Nutrients in Litter Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Litter Stoichiometry Ratios and Soil pH Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Release of Nutrient Elements and Degradation of Lignin and Cellulose Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Children: Item: Title: Rate of Litter Decomposition Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Degradation of Cellulose and Lignin Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: Release of C, N, and P from Litter Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: Interactive Effects of the Addition of N and S Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@11758f2a Info: Title: The Additions of Nitrogen and Sulfur Synergistically Decrease the Release of Carbon and Nitrogen from Litter in a Subtropical Forest Author: Liehua Tie, Rao Fu, Josep Peñuelas, Jordi Sardans, Shibin Zhang, Shixing Zhou, Junxi Hu and Congde Huang Subject: Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition in subtropical forests has increased rapidly and the current level is very high, thus seriously affecting nutrient (e.g., N and phosphorus (P)) release from litter. However, the specific effects of S addition and its interaction with N on the release of carbon (C), N, and P from litter in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests are unclear. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was performed using a litterbag method in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in western China to examine the responses of litter decomposition and nutrient release to the control (CK), added N (+N), added S (+S), and added N and S (+NS) treatments. The results showed that the remaining litter mass, lignin, cellulose, C, N, P, and litter N/P ratio were higher, whereas the litter C/N ratio and soil pH were lower in the fertilization treatments than in CK. The annual decomposition coefficients (k-values) in the +N, +S, and +NS treatments were 0.384 0.002, 0.378 0.002, and 0.374 0.001 year-1, respectively, which were significantly lower than the k-values in CK (0.452 0.005 year-1, p < 0.05). The remaining mass, lignin, cellulose, C, and litter N/P ratio were higher, whereas the soil pH was lower in the +NS treatment than in the +N and +S. The interactive effects of N addition and S addition on the remaining litter lignin, cellulose, C, N, and P; the litter C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios; and the soil pH were significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of N and S synergistically decreased the degradation of lignin and cellulose and the release of C and N and increased the litter N/P ratio, suggesting that external N and S inputs synergistically slowed the release of C and N from litter and exacerbated litter P limitation during decomposition in this forest. Keywords: acid deposition; litter decomposition; C, N and P cycles; subtropical forest; nutrient limitation Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Mon Nov 30 15:10:31 CET 2020 ModDate: Mon Nov 30 15:19:40 CET 2020 ID: 0x0418e4220afad47cc2c6c864318a3458, 0x0418e4220afad47cc2c6c864318a3458 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: DFIRNB+Pxsy FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 48 FontDescriptor: FontName: DFIRNB+Pxsy Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -21, -994, 1292, 912 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: CZKGAS+CMR10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 61 FontDescriptor: FontName: CZKGAS+CMR10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -250, 1009, 750 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: RVSKOX+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 82 LastChar: 107 FontDescriptor: FontName: RVSKOX+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: 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