bd00b07ff035a7041cc3a762e1db21b7 animals_a2020v10n12p2383.pdf 99fd3011266013adf7f9aa2191c64ff341a1c4bf animals_a2020v10n12p2383.pdf e16f6ff132a45fb3fd17048b8e47320022c9faadcfa1674de2beba759aed0dd8 animals_a2020v10n12p2383.pdf Title: Effects of Cold Exposure on Some Physiological, Productive, and Metabolic Variables in Lactating Dairy Goats Subject: Low winter temperatures in some regions have a negative impact on animal performance, behavior, and welfare. The objective of this study was to evaluate some physiological, metabolic, and lactational responses of dairy goats exposed to cold temperatures for 3 weeks. Eight Murciano-Granadina dairy goats (41.8 kg body weight, 70 days in milk, and 2.13 kg/day milk) were used from mid-January to mid-March. Goats were divided into 2 balanced groups and used in a crossover design with 2 treatments in 2 periods (21 days each, 14 days adaptation and 7 days for measurements). After the first period, goats were switched to the opposite treatment. The treatments included 2 different controlled climatic conditions with different temperature-humidity index (THI) values. The treatments were: thermoneutral conditions (TN; 15 to 20 C, 45% humidity, THI = 58 to 65), and cold temperature (CT; -3 to 6 C, 63% humidity, THI = 33 to 46). Goats were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration (70% forage and 30% concentrate) and water was freely available. Goats were milked at 0800 and 1700 h. Dry matter intake, water consumption, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate were recorded daily (days 15 to 21). Body weight was recorded at the start and end of each period. Milk samples for composition were collected on 2 consecutive days (days 20 and 21). Insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in blood on d 21. Compared to TN goats, CT goats had similar feed intake, but lower water consumption (-22 3%), respiratory rate (-5 0.8 breaths/min), and rectal temperature (-0.71 0.26 C). Milk yield decreased by 13 3% in CT goats, but their milk contained more fat (+13 4%) and protein (+14 5%), and consequently the energy-corrected milk did not vary between TN and CT goats. The CT goats lost 0.64 kg of body weight, whereas TN goats gained 2.54 kg in 21 days. Blood insulin and cholesterol levels were not affected by CT. However, values of blood glucose, NEFA, hematocrit, and hemoglobin increased or tended to increase by CT, whereas BHB and triglycerides decreased. Overall, CT goats produced less but concentrated milk compared to TN goats. Despite similar feed intake and blood insulin levels CT goats had increased blood glucose and NEFA levels. The tendency of increased blood NEFA indicates that CT goats mobilized body fat reserves to cover the extra energy needed for heat production under cold conditions. Keywords: milk production; metabolism; cold environment; dairy goats Author: Wellington Coloma-García, Nabil Mehaba, Xavier Such, Gerardo Caja and Ahmed A. K. Salama Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Mon Dec 14 05:57:36 2020 CET ModDate: Mon Dec 14 06:01:18 2020 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 313052 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- UEHGBQ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 DCLKBR+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 AOWLSI+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 PQOKRE+Rpxb Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 24 0 UGKPVK+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 OFLXAT+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 32 0 HHMDGK+Pxsy Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 36 0 WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 40 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 48 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 70 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 74 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 78 0 QLBIEB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 100 0 GTYXBH+Rpxbi Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 104 0 LGZKLX+Rpxi Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 124 0 CKBPVA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 131 0 VSHNAE+Rpcxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 135 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 04:23:45 CEST RepresentationInformation: animals_a2020v10n12p2383.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:39:59 CEST Size: 313052 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 329 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Animals Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Experimental Design and Treatments Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Management Conditions Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Sampling and Data Collection Destination: subsection.2.4 Children: Item: Title: Rectal Temperature and Respiratory Rate Destination: subsubsection.2.4.1 Item: Title: Feed Intake and Water Consumption Destination: subsubsection.2.4.2 Item: Title: Body Weight and Energy Balance Calculation Destination: subsubsection.2.4.3 Item: Title: Milk Yield and Milk Composition Destination: subsubsection.2.4.4 Item: Title: Blood Insulin and Metabolites Destination: subsubsection.2.4.5 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Rectal Temperature and Respiratory Rate Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Feed Intake, Water Consumption, and Body Weight Change Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Milk Yield and Milk Composition Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Blood Indicators Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.4 Info: Title: Effects of Cold Exposure on Some Physiological, Productive, and Metabolic Variables in Lactating Dairy Goats Author: Wellington Coloma-García, Nabil Mehaba, Xavier Such, Gerardo Caja and Ahmed A. K. Salama Subject: Low winter temperatures in some regions have a negative impact on animal performance, behavior, and welfare. The objective of this study was to evaluate some physiological, metabolic, and lactational responses of dairy goats exposed to cold temperatures for 3 weeks. Eight Murciano-Granadina dairy goats (41.8 kg body weight, 70 days in milk, and 2.13 kg/day milk) were used from mid-January to mid-March. Goats were divided into 2 balanced groups and used in a crossover design with 2 treatments in 2 periods (21 days each, 14 days adaptation and 7 days for measurements). After the first period, goats were switched to the opposite treatment. The treatments included 2 different controlled climatic conditions with different temperature-humidity index (THI) values. The treatments were: thermoneutral conditions (TN; 15 to 20 C, 45% humidity, THI = 58 to 65), and cold temperature (CT; -3 to 6 C, 63% humidity, THI = 33 to 46). Goats were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration (70% forage and 30% concentrate) and water was freely available. Goats were milked at 0800 and 1700 h. Dry matter intake, water consumption, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate were recorded daily (days 15 to 21). Body weight was recorded at the start and end of each period. Milk samples for composition were collected on 2 consecutive days (days 20 and 21). Insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in blood on d 21. Compared to TN goats, CT goats had similar feed intake, but lower water consumption (-22 3%), respiratory rate (-5 0.8 breaths/min), and rectal temperature (-0.71 0.26 C). Milk yield decreased by 13 3% in CT goats, but their milk contained more fat (+13 4%) and protein (+14 5%), and consequently the energy-corrected milk did not vary between TN and CT goats. The CT goats lost 0.64 kg of body weight, whereas TN goats gained 2.54 kg in 21 days. Blood insulin and cholesterol levels were not affected by CT. However, values of blood glucose, NEFA, hematocrit, and hemoglobin increased or tended to increase by CT, whereas BHB and triglycerides decreased. Overall, CT goats produced less but concentrated milk compared to TN goats. Despite similar feed intake and blood insulin levels CT goats had increased blood glucose and NEFA levels. The tendency of increased blood NEFA indicates that CT goats mobilized body fat reserves to cover the extra energy needed for heat production under cold conditions. Keywords: milk production; metabolism; cold environment; dairy goats Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Mon Dec 14 05:57:36 CET 2020 ModDate: Mon Dec 14 06:01:18 CET 2020 ID: 0x38e686ee2409c5c8114076b1ec640626, 0x38e686ee2409c5c8114076b1ec640626 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: OFLXAT+Rpxr FontSubset: true FirstChar: 11 LastChar: 62 FontDescriptor: FontName: OFLXAT+Rpxr Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -283, 904, 728 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: CKBPVA+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 11 LastChar: 11 FontDescriptor: FontName: CKBPVA+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: HHMDGK+Pxsy FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 14 FontDescriptor: FontName: HHMDGK+Pxsy Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -21, -994, 1292, 912 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: QLBIEB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 110 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: 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