447f9a0cf467f4f8f514c8aee4a499e7 animals_a2020v10n12p2440.pdf bcd41852211481cd8e41348f66b823dc945caeda animals_a2020v10n12p2440.pdf 79e14697e0277f927f13a2e88592d58f42064b33dcd99a7c9b431fcf25af709e animals_a2020v10n12p2440.pdf Title: Animal Welfare and Meat Quality Assessment in Gas Stunning during Commercial Slaughter of Pigs Using Hypercapnic-Hypoxia (20% CO2 2% O2) Compared to Acute Hypercapnia (90% CO2 in Air) Subject: This study assessed aversion, stunning effectiveness, and product quality of nitrogen and carbon dioxide (CO2) mixtures used for stunning pigs. A total of 1852 slaughter pigs divided into two similar batches was assessed during routine slaughter in a Swedish commercial abattoir using either hypercapnic-hypoxia (20% CO2 and less than 2% O2; 20C2O) or hypercapnia (90% CO2; 90C) gas mixtures. Behavioral indicators of aversion and discomfort were recorded. After exposure, the stunning quality was assessed through brainstem reflexes. After slaughter, the pH and electric conductivity of carcasses were assessed to estimate the incidence of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) pork, and the presence of ecchymosis were inspected. Compared to 90C, pigs exposed to 20C2O showed a later (p < 0.05) onset of behaviors indicative of aversion, and a lower (p < 0.01) incidence of breathlessness. However, unconsciousness (i.e., losing posture) appeared earlier (p < 0.01) in 90C compared to 20C2O. In 90C, all (100%) pigs were adequately stunned, whereas in 20C2O a 7.4% of pigs showed signs of poor stunning, especially when oxygen concentrations were >2% (p < 0.001). The percentage of PSE carcasses was higher (p < 0.01) in 20C2O than 90C. In conclusion, compared to 90C, 20C2O reduced aversion and discomfort but showed lower stun effectiveness, especially when O2 was above 2%, and a slightly poorer pork quality.24pt Keywords: animal welfare; carbon dioxide; hypercapnia; hypercapnic-hypoxia; meat quality; nitrogen; pigs; slaughter; stunning Author: Sophie Atkinson, Bo Algers, Joaquim Pallisera, Antonio Velarde and Pol Llonch Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sun Dec 20 05:14:54 2020 CET ModDate: Sun Dec 20 05:14:54 2020 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 971853 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- LTTZBE+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 101 0 GFCXZM+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes 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NEBDLJ+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 280 0 NEAOOO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 281 0 NEAPDO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 282 0 NEAPFA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 283 0 NEBCPM+Calibri CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 284 0 QLBIEB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 308 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 318 0 GBLQZB+Rpxi Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 438 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 04:23:22 CEST RepresentationInformation: animals_a2020v10n12p2440.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:40:09 CEST Size: 971853 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 2 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: 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