f9335ae3c9876c42482d76ed1dc36537 animals_a2020v10n1p173.pdf 4d0f751641c3d3ae708cafea2c30e8391efc4e68 animals_a2020v10n1p173.pdf dd6341194e269520abfaf54623f21f31085f625410d2a5a5d8a4474427d3e22a animals_a2020v10n1p173.pdf Title: Exploring Additive, Synergistic or Antagonistic Effects of Natural Plant Extracts on In Vitro Beef Feedlot-Type Rumen Microbial Fermentation Conditions Subject: Six Essential oils (EO) (tea tree oil—TeTr, oregano oil—Ore, clove bud oil—Clo, thyme oil—Thy, rosemary oil—Ros, and sage oil—Sag) in Experiment 1; and different combinations of selected oils in Experiment 2, were evaluate at four doses in an in vitro microbial fermentation system using ruminal fluid from beef cattle fed a 10:90 straw: Concentrate diet. In Experiment 1, TeTr, Ore, Clo and Thy improved rumen fermentation profile in a direction consistent with better feed utilization. In Experiment 2, TeTr mixed with Thy, Ore, Thy + Ore or Clo at 200 and 400 mg/L increased the molar proportion of propionate and decreased that of acetate, and the acetate to propionate ratio. However, the size of the effect was similar to that obtained with TeTr alone, suggesting that effects were not additive. When Thy, Ore or Thy + Ore where mixed with Clo, most effects on rumen fermentation profile disappeared, suggesting an antagonistic interaction of Clo with Thy and Ore. Results do not support the hypothesis of additivity among the EO tested, and antagonistic effects of Clo mixed with Thy or Ore were demonstrated at least in a low pH, beef-type fermentation conditions. Keywords: essential oils; rumen microbial fermentation; synergies Author: Ignacio Fandiño, Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren, Alfred Ferret, Diego Moya, Lorena Castillejos and Sergio Calsamiglia Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Mon Jan 20 10:52:37 2020 CET ModDate: Mon Jan 20 10:52:37 2020 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 235136 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JRITJM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 83 0 UNIRFI+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 84 0 WOZBHT+Rpxb Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 QTLELQ+Pxbsy Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 86 0 FEKHYF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 87 0 MZCZTZ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 88 0 OFLXAT+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes 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げづびふぬぴびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅへばづひどねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰〱ぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぉのつどぶどつふちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぅびびづのぴどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰くどぬびぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅへばづひどねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰〲ぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぃはねぢどのちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぅびびづのぴどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰くどぬびぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Children: Item: Title: ぅへばづひどねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰〱ぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぉのつどぶどつふちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぅびびづのぴどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰くどぬびぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅへばづひどねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰〲ぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぃはねぢどのちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぅびびづのぴどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰くどぬびぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: ぅへばづひどねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰〲ぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぃはねぢどのちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぅびびづのぴどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰くどぬびぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: いどびっふびびどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅへばづひどねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰〱ぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぉのつどぶどつふちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぅびびづのぴどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰くどぬびぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅへばづひどねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰〲ぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぃはねぢどのちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぅびびづのぴどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰くどぬびぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Children: Item: Title: ぅへばづひどねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰〱ぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぉのつどぶどつふちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぅびびづのぴどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰くどぬびぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㐮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぅへばづひどねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰〲ぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぃはねぢどのちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぅびびづのぴどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰くどぬびぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: ぅへばづひどねづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰〲ぜ〴ぜ〰ぜ〵ぜ〰ぃはねぢどのちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぅびびづのぴどちぬぜ〴ぜ〰くどぬびぜ〵ㅜ〰ぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: 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