50addbeacac2ea7cfe0a09ddc2ac67e2 241317.pdf 5f0ad864a6b2902dd2fbc4721756c4651fb5daed 241317.pdf 03eacf3dcbb0e4c55e0836d6a2dca532b9675913d07cf385e49b278e1f53a9d9 241317.pdf Title: Understanding MAPK Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis Subject: MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs’ behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using Xenopus oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions. Keywords: apoptosis; protein kinases; caspases; signaling; MAPK; p38; JNK; ERK; oocytes; feedback loops Author: Jicheng Yue and José M. 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16:56:22 CET Size: 1451091 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 19 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: ぁぜ〴ぜ〰こどねばぬづぜ〴ぜ〰ぉのぴひはつふっぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰きぁぐかぜ〴ぜ〰ぃちびっちつづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸲ Item: Title: あはぴとぜ〴ぜ〰おぎかぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ば〳〸ぜ〴ぜ〰きぁぐかぜ〴ぜ〰ぃちびっちつづびぜ〴ぜ〰きづつどちぴづぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひは〭ぁばはばぴはぴどっぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ごひちのびっひどばぴどはのちぬぜ〴ぜ〰げづでふぬちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぐはびぴ〭ごひちのびっひどばぴどはのちぬぜ〴ぜ〰きはつどてどっちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Children: Item: Title: ごひちのびっひどばぴどはのちぬぜ〴ぜ〰げづでふぬちぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㈮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰ぐはびぴ〭ごひちのびっひどばぴどはのちぬぜ〴ぜ〰きはつどてどっちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: ぐはびぴ〭ごひちのびっひどばぴどはのちぬぜ〴ぜ〰きはつどてどっちぴどはのびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: おぎかぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ば〳〸ぜ〴ぜ〰きぁぐかぜ〴ぜ〰ぃちびっちつづびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁぬびはぜ〴ぜ〰きづつどちぴづぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのぴど〭ぁばはばぴはぴどっぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: きぁぐかぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぃひはびび〭ごちぬにび〺ぜ〴ぜ〰おぎかぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ば〳〸ぜ〴ぜ〰いはぜ〴ぜ〰ぎはぴぜ〴ぜ〰ぁぬぷちべびぜ〴ぜ〰しはひにぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰ごふのづぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸵ Item: Title: ごとづぜ〴ぜ〰ごぷはぜ〴ぜ〰うちっづびぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰ぅげかぜ〴ぜ〰どのぜ〴ぜ〰ぁばはばぴはびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸶ Item: Title: ぁのぜ〴ぜ〰ぅちびべぜ〴ぜ〰ぇふどつづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴはぜ〴ぜ〰さのつづひびぴちのつぜ〴ぜ〰きぁぐかび〭げづでふぬちぴづつぜ〴ぜ〰ぁばはばぴはびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㘮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰あちびどっぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬどのでぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはばづひぴどづびぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰きぁぐかびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㘮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴひはのでぜ〴ぜ〰ざづひびふびぜ〴ぜ〰しづちにぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こふびぴちどのづつぜ〴ぜ〰ざづひびふびぜ〴ぜ〰ごひちのびどづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㘮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うづづつぢちっにぜ〴ぜ〰がははばびぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはふぬつぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへばぬちどのぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはねばぬづへぜ〴ぜ〰あどはぬはでどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㘮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰えはぷぜ〴ぜ〰ぃづぬぬびぜ〴ぜ〰いどづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとひはふでとぜ〴ぜ〰ぐはびどぴどぶづぜ〴ぜ〰うづづつぢちっにぜ〴ぜ〰がははばびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸷ Children: Item: Title: あちびどっぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬどのでぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはばづひぴどづびぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰きぁぐかびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㘮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こぴひはのでぜ〴ぜ〰ざづひびふびぜ〴ぜ〰しづちにぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こふびぴちどのづつぜ〴ぜ〰ざづひびふびぜ〴ぜ〰ごひちのびどづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㘮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うづづつぢちっにぜ〴ぜ〰がははばびぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはふぬつぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへばぬちどのぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはねばぬづへぜ〴ぜ〰あどはぬはでどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㘮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰えはぷぜ〴ぜ〰ぃづぬぬびぜ〴ぜ〰いどづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとひはふでとぜ〴ぜ〰ぐはびどぴどぶづぜ〴ぜ〰うづづつぢちっにぜ〴ぜ〰がははばびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸷ Item: Title: こぴひはのでぜ〴ぜ〰ざづひびふびぜ〴ぜ〰しづちにぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こふびぴちどのづつぜ〴ぜ〰ざづひびふびぜ〴ぜ〰ごひちのびどづのぴぜ〴ぜ〰こどでのちぬどのでぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㘮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰うづづつぢちっにぜ〴ぜ〰がははばびぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはふぬつぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへばぬちどのぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはねばぬづへぜ〴ぜ〰あどはぬはでどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㘮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰えはぷぜ〴ぜ〰ぃづぬぬびぜ〴ぜ〰いどづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとひはふでとぜ〴ぜ〰ぐはびどぴどぶづぜ〴ぜ〰うづづつぢちっにぜ〴ぜ〰がははばびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸷ Item: Title: うづづつぢちっにぜ〴ぜ〰がははばびぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはふぬつぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへばぬちどのぜ〴ぜ〰ぃはねばぬづへぜ〴ぜ〰あどはぬはでどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぐひはっづびびづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㘮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰えはぷぜ〴ぜ〰ぃづぬぬびぜ〴ぜ〰いどづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとひはふでとぜ〴ぜ〰ぐはびどぴどぶづぜ〴ぜ〰うづづつぢちっにぜ〴ぜ〰がははばびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸷ Item: Title: えはぷぜ〴ぜ〰ぃづぬぬびぜ〴ぜ〰いどづぜ〴ぜ〰ぴとひはふでとぜ〴ぜ〰ぐはびどぴどぶづぜ〴ぜ〰うづづつぢちっにぜ〴ぜ〰がははばびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸷ Item: Title: 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