d47fee4b1a2c2db0e67e8b12243072cf pmc_33371396.pdf fd0ce6518743e78ad90fba152932f6d9b0e16580 pmc_33371396.pdf 904e9cbd49d7316b79da4d15f90c1a5335c19cc04a2509db41b2e2b072ba658c pmc_33371396.pdf Title: Potential Risk of Three Zoonotic Protozoa (Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Toxoplasma gondii) Transmission from Fish Consumption Subject: In recent decades, worldwide fish consumption has increased notably worldwide. Despite the health benefits of fish consumption, it also can suppose a risk because of fishborne diseases, including parasitic infections. Global changes are leading to the emergence of parasites in new locations and to the appearance of new sources of transmission. That is the case of the zoonotic protozoa Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Toxoplasma gondii; all of them reach aquatic environments and have been found in shellfish. Similarly, these protozoa can be present in other aquatic animals, such as fish. The present review gives an overview on these three zoonotic protozoa in order to understand their potential presence in fish and to comprehensively revise all the evidences of fish as a new potential source of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Toxoplasma gondii transmission. All of them have been found in both marine and freshwater fishes. Until now, it has not been possible to demonstrate that fish are natural hosts for these protozoa; otherwise, they would merely act as mechanical transporters. Nevertheless, even if fish only accumulate and transport these protozoa, they could be a “new” source of infection for people. Keywords: fishborne parasites; zoonotic protozoa; Cryptosporidium spp.; Giardia duodenalis; Toxoplasma gondii Author: Samantha Moratal, M. Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela, Jesús Cardells, Naima M. Marco-Hirs, Silvia Puigcercós, Víctor Lizana and Jordi López-Ramon Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Dec 22 14:53:24 2020 CET ModDate: Tue Dec 22 14:56:58 2020 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 396672 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- FXKWJE+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 NNKDOL+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 IMEPLL+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 HKDGNN+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 VMAEHE+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 BHEVUJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 YIJSCU+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 36 0 XBNVAE+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 44 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 70 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 74 0 TRELSY+Pxsy Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 YNURIB+Rpxmi Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 100 0 HNCFYK+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 129 0 VSHNAE+Rpcxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 145 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-09-21 02:36:50 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33371396.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2021-01-04 03:35:41 CET Size: 396672 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 534 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4923ab24 Item: Title: Cryptosporidium spp. Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Giardia duodenalis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Toxoplasma gondii Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Info: Title: Potential Risk of Three Zoonotic Protozoa (Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Toxoplasma gondii) Transmission from Fish Consumption Author: Samantha Moratal, M. Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela, Jesús Cardells, Naima M. Marco-Hirs, Silvia Puigcercós, Víctor Lizana and Jordi López-Ramon Subject: In recent decades, worldwide fish consumption has increased notably worldwide. Despite the health benefits of fish consumption, it also can suppose a risk because of fishborne diseases, including parasitic infections. Global changes are leading to the emergence of parasites in new locations and to the appearance of new sources of transmission. That is the case of the zoonotic protozoa Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Toxoplasma gondii; all of them reach aquatic environments and have been found in shellfish. Similarly, these protozoa can be present in other aquatic animals, such as fish. The present review gives an overview on these three zoonotic protozoa in order to understand their potential presence in fish and to comprehensively revise all the evidences of fish as a new potential source of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Toxoplasma gondii transmission. All of them have been found in both marine and freshwater fishes. Until now, it has not been possible to demonstrate that fish are natural hosts for these protozoa; otherwise, they would merely act as mechanical transporters. Nevertheless, even if fish only accumulate and transport these protozoa, they could be a “new” source of infection for people. Keywords: fishborne parasites; zoonotic protozoa; Cryptosporidium spp.; Giardia duodenalis; Toxoplasma gondii Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Dec 22 14:53:24 CET 2020 ModDate: Tue Dec 22 14:56:58 CET 2020 ID: 0x88d371183208c014e3d9c0c4f05eb7fb, 0x88d371183208c014e3d9c0c4f05eb7fb Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: BHEVUJ+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: BHEVUJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: TRELSY+Pxsy FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 14 FontDescriptor: FontName: TRELSY+Pxsy Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -21, -994, 1292, 912 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: HNCFYK+VnURWPalladioL-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 189 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: HNCFYK+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true 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Link Rect: 234, 353, 407, 363 Checksum: 2a7efdea Type: CRC32 Checksum: d47fee4b1a2c2db0e67e8b12243072cf Type: MD5 Checksum: fd0ce6518743e78ad90fba152932f6d9b0e16580 Type: SHA-1