50826c7d7c49a92a5685ed952fe17291 pmc_32103129.pdf 3a191598db9695263adafbb6cb19670462b3fe83 pmc_32103129.pdf 1cf15f659d90811ddf4881fac44318b9f8c4d75796eefb9989d4fc57c90ec035 pmc_32103129.pdf Title: The biomechanical importance of the scaphoid-centrale fusion during simulated knuckle-walking and its implications for human locomotor evolution Subject: Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60590-6 Keywords: Author: Thomas A. Pamp#x000FC;schel Creator: Springer Producer: iText® 5.3.5 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (SPRINGER SBM; licensed version) CreationDate: Thu Feb 20 10:55:55 2020 CET ModDate: Thu Feb 20 17:04:21 2020 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: AcroForm JavaScript: no Pages: 7 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 782.362 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 1561211 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.4 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- RINJJV+Corbel-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 302 0 MinionPro-Regular Type 1C Custom yes no yes 84 0 IOGOYI+Corbel-Bold2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 85 0 MinionPro-It Type 1C Custom yes no yes 86 0 LYHELE+Corbel2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 87 0 DKQNVX+Corbel CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 88 0 MyriadPro-It Type 1C WinAnsi yes no yes 89 0 EuclidSymbol Type 1C Custom yes no yes 83 0 LYHELE+Corbel2 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 229 0 MinionPro-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes no yes 125 0 PEJBHZ+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 203 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2020-11-18 06:56:39 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_32103129.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2020-07-06 03:57:46 CEST Size: 1561211 Format: PDF Version: 1.4 Status: Well-Formed, but not valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_60590.indd:Figure 1. Biomechanical problem under analysis displayed using the bones from the left limb of a Pan troglodytes specimen (S: scaphoid; C: capitate; Ce: centrale. 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(A) Depicts the position of the bones under analysis during a standing scena:65' cannot be found Offset: 1066581 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_60590.indd:Figure 1. Biomechanical problem under analysis displayed using the bones from the left limb of a Pan troglodytes specimen (S: scaphoid; C: capitate; Ce: centrale. (A) Depicts the position of the bones under analysis during a standing scen:66' cannot be found Offset: 1066581 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_60590.indd:Figure 1. Biomechanical problem under analysis displayed using the bones from the left limb of a Pan troglodytes specimen (S: scaphoid; C: capitate; Ce: centrale. (A) Depicts the position of the bones under analysis during a standing sce:67' cannot be found Offset: 1066581 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_60590.indd:Figure 2. von Mises stress distribution of the analysed sample for both the fused and non-fused models. For simplicity, views were defined according to the human anatomical standard position.:71' cannot be found Offset: 1066581 ID: PDF-HUL-122 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'SpringerNature_SciRep_60590.indd:Figure 3. Boxplots of the stress distribution for both the fused and non-fused morphologies for all the species under analysis. 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Item: Title: Results Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Acknowledgements Item: Title: Figure 1 Biomechanical problem under analysis displayed using the bones from the left limb of a Pan troglodytes specimen (S: scaphoid C: capitate Ce: centrale. Item: Title: Figure 2 von Mises stress distribution of the analysed sample for both the fused and non-fused models. Item: Title: Figure 3 Boxplots of the stress distribution for both the fused and non-fused morphologies for all the species under analysis. Item: Title: Table 1 Body mass and applied loads for the individuals under analysis. Info: Title: The biomechanical importance of the scaphoid-centrale fusion during simulated knuckle-walking and its implications for human locomotor evolution Author: Thomas A. Pamp#x000FC;schel Subject: Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60590-6 Keywords: Creator: Springer Producer: iText® 5.3.5 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (SPRINGER SBM; licensed version) CreationDate: Thu Feb 20 11:25:55 CET 2020 ModDate: Thu Feb 20 17:04:21 CET 2020 ID: 0x775aec7582dfd4719658cc574937281f, 0x6b25cf9ce187bf5d27e28e28c6ce1815 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1900 ImageHeight: 564 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Intent: RelativeColorimetric Name: X Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1650 ImageHeight: 955 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Intent: RelativeColorimetric Name: X Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 1900 ImageHeight: 886 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Intent: RelativeColorimetric Name: X Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 1100 ImageHeight: 90 ColorSpace: black is zero BitsPerSample: 1 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Intent: RelativeColorimetric Name: X Fonts: Type0: Font: BaseFont: DKQNVX+Corbel Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: RINJJV+Corbel-Bold Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Type1: Font: BaseFont: EuclidSymbol FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: EuclidSymbol Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -253, 1090, 950 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: MinionPro-Regular FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: MinionPro-Regular Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -290, -360, 1684, 989 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: IOGOYI+Corbel-Bold2 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: IOGOYI+Corbel-Bold2 Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -556, -239, 1155, 952 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: MinionPro-It FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: MinionPro-It Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic, Italic FontBBox: -201, -360, 1684, 1002 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: LYHELE+Corbel2 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: LYHELE+Corbel2 Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -553, -239, 1110, 952 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: MyriadPro-It FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: MyriadPro-It Flags: Nonsymbolic, Italic FontBBox: -185, -250, 1090, 953 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: PEJBHZ+TimesNewRomanPSMT FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: PEJBHZ+TimesNewRomanPSMT Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -568, -307, 2000, 1007 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: MinionPro-Bold FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 255 FontDescriptor: FontName: MinionPro-Bold Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -319, -360, 1684, 1024 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding ToUnicode: true CIDFontType2: Font: BaseFont: DKQNVX+Corbel CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: DKQNVX+Corbel Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -553, -239, 1110, 952 FontFile2: true Font: BaseFont: RINJJV+Corbel-Bold CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: RINJJV+Corbel-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -556, -239, 1155, 952 FontFile2: true XMP: application/pdf doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60590-6 Springer US Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60590-6 The biomechanical importance of the scaphoid-centrale fusion during simulated knuckle-walking and its implications for human locomotor evolution Thomas A. Pamp#x000FC;schel Jordi Marcamp#x000E9;-Noguamp#x000E9; Andrew T. Chamberlain Alaster Yoxall William I. 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