c2d59f6f43e6ad37f4e719a8d920ce1d pmc_32224918.pdf 45553890bc9c0b54b860ffa97922ba821d9a7f2a pmc_32224918.pdf 90a73a35a0d00013969d97a01919b6b2276f1ab7f444715c19f72262579cb89e pmc_32224918.pdf Producer: iText® 7.1.1 ©2000-2018 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) CreationDate: Thu Apr 2 06:32:25 2020 CEST ModDate: Thu Apr 2 06:32:25 2020 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 23 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 10906308 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MZEXBP+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 LFSMHP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 JPDWZD+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 RVSEMT+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 27 0 AQKOUH+CMSY8 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 67 0 BUBHBZ+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 GIGFZE+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 89 0 JUMJAA+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 93 0 ZCNBYT+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 100 0 VUABVQ+CMMI10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 104 0 QDTWCG+MSBM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 111 0 HVSBKL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 120 0 AUVGAC+CMSS8 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 124 0 ONHDTK+Times-Roman Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 155 0 KCXVMF+Times-Roman Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 173 0 WEIJUK+CMSY9 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 189 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 04:13:25 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_32224918.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:44:23 CEST Size: 10906308 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 358 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Experimental Testbed Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Function Generator Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Amplifier and Shaker Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Laboratory Tower Structure and Studied Types of Damage Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Sensors Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Data Acquisition System Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Damage Detection Methodology Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Data Collection and Reshape Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Column-Scaling and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Machine-Learning Classifiers Destination: subsection.3.3 Children: Item: Title: k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) Destination: subsubsection.3.3.1 Item: Title: Support Vector Machine (SVM) Destination: subsubsection.3.3.2 Item: Title: -Fold Cross-Validation Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Experimental Set-Up Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Metrics for Evaluating Classification Models Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Results of k-NN Classification Method Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Results of SVM Classification Method Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Producer: iText® 7.1.1 ©2000-2018 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) CreationDate: Thu Apr 02 06:32:25 CEST 2020 ModDate: Thu Apr 02 06:32:25 CEST 2020 ID: 0xc8261f1c5a0707a84fcd8ddc4a747291, 0xc8261f1c5a0707a84fcd8ddc4a747291 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 1321 ImageHeight: 392 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 678 ImageHeight: 658 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2393 ImageHeight: 2321 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2682 ImageHeight: 1610 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 591 ImageHeight: 608 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 409 ImageHeight: 706 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 233 ImageHeight: 713 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 996 ImageHeight: 379 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 804 ImageHeight: 584 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 706 ImageHeight: 440 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 696 ImageHeight: 442 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 695 ImageHeight: 448 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 696 ImageHeight: 445 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: AQKOUH+CMSY8 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 13 LastChar: 13 FontDescriptor: FontName: AQKOUH+CMSY8 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -30, -955, 1185, 779 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: ZCNBYT+PazoMath-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 35 LastChar: 119 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZCNBYT+PazoMath-Italic Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -70, -277, 902, 733 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: VUABVQ+CMMI10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 60 LastChar: 96 FontDescriptor: FontName: VUABVQ+CMMI10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -250, 1048, 750 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: MZEXBP+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 233 FontDescriptor: FontName: MZEXBP+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: LFSMHP+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: LFSMHP+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: QDTWCG+MSBM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 82 LastChar: 82 FontDescriptor: FontName: QDTWCG+MSBM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -55, -420, 2343, 920 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: JPDWZD+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: JPDWZD+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: BUBHBZ+CMEX10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 16 LastChar: 62 FontDescriptor: FontName: BUBHBZ+CMEX10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -24, -2960, 1454, 772 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: HVSBKL+PazoMath FontSubset: true FirstChar: 68 LastChar: 229 FontDescriptor: FontName: HVSBKL+PazoMath Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -283, 878, 946 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: GIGFZE+CMR10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 61 FontDescriptor: FontName: GIGFZE+CMR10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -250, 1009, 750 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: AUVGAC+CMSS8 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 84 LastChar: 84 FontDescriptor: FontName: AUVGAC+CMSS8 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -65, -250, 1062, 761 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: JUMJAA+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 106 FontDescriptor: FontName: JUMJAA+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: WEIJUK+CMSY9 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 13 LastChar: 13 FontDescriptor: FontName: WEIJUK+CMSY9 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -958, 1146, 777 FontFile: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 75, 757, 194, 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 757, 519, 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 152, 640, 163, 654 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 640, 336, 654 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 167, 38, 235, 50 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 399, 38, 519, 50 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 252, 740, 259, 752 ActionDest: 46 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 274, 448, 281, 456 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 411, 410, 420 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 164, 371, 171, 380 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 283, 357, 290, 366 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 277, 330, 284, 339 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 480, 276, 487, 285 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 470, 263, 477, 272 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 183, 235, 190, 245 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 206, 208, 213, 218 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 342, 181, 354, 190 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 504, 168, 516, 177 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 128, 116, 136 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 314, 87, 326, 96 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 404, 73, 416, 82 ActionDest: 183 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 170, 729, 182, 738 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 223, 675, 235, 684 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 621, 515, 630 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 315, 456, 322, 468 ActionDest: 52 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 301, 443, 308, 455 ActionDest: 82 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 297, 429, 304, 441 ActionDest: 140 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 505, 429, 512, 441 ActionDest: 176 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 399, 386, 406, 398 ActionDest: 52 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 167, 643, 174, 655 ActionDest: 58 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 403, 440, 415 ActionDest: 64 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 184, 322, 191, 334 ActionDest: 64 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 307, 268, 314, 280 ActionDest: 64 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 181, 230, 193, 239 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 342, 203, 354, 212 ActionDest: 183 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 294, 282, 301, 294 ActionDest: 64 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 296, 95, 303, 107 ActionDest: 77 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 258, 84, 270, 94 ActionDest: 183 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 419, 330, 426, 343 ActionDest: 77 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 599, 515, 608 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 234, 586, 246, 595 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 330, 545, 342, 554 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 173, 206, 184 ActionDest: 82 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 271, 719, 278, 730 ActionDest: 82 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 92, 626, 104, 635 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 555, 271, 566 ActionDest: 82 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 102, 530, 114, 539 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 117, 530, 129, 539 ActionDest: 183 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 194, 723, 206, 732 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 723, 219, 732 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 467, 667, 474, 678 ActionDest: 82 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 378, 586, 390, 595 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 559, 211, 568 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 515, 115, 527 ActionDest: 108 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 219, 488, 226, 500 ActionDest: 108 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 252, 726, 259, 738 ActionDest: 108 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 171, 437, 178, 448 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 408, 322, 420, 331 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 118, 278, 125, 290 ActionDest: 128 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 139, 419, 148 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 116, 98, 128, 108 ActionDest: 183 Page: Sequence: 11 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 178, 697, 192, 709 ActionDest: 58 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 555, 418, 567 ActionDest: 64 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 504, 172, 513 ActionDest: 179 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 312, 489, 319, 500 ActionDest: 82 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 120, 309, 134, 321 ActionDest: 97 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 132, 283, 139, 294 ActionDest: 82 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 179, 68, 186, 80 ActionDest: 143 Page: Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 90, 515, 102, 524 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 102, 515, 114, 524 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 127, 458, 134, 470 ActionDest: 143 Page: Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 160, 742, 172, 751 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 729, 460, 738 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 460, 729, 472, 738 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 505, 699, 512, 711 ActionDest: 146 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 252, 496, 264, 505 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 493, 347, 505 ActionDest: 146 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 150, 155, 157, 167 ActionDest: 146 Page: Sequence: 15 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 409, 720, 423, 732 ActionDest: 140 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 123, 680, 130, 692 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 402, 626, 409, 638 ActionDest: 161 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 189, 585, 201, 597 ActionDest: 149 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 512, 585, 519, 597 ActionDest: 161 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 292, 572, 303, 584 ActionDest: 149 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 545, 365, 557 ActionDest: 161 Page: Sequence: 16 Page: Sequence: 17 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 368, 518, 380 ActionDest: 108 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 355, 228, 367 ActionDest: 128 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 284, 329, 291, 340 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 416, 329, 423, 340 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 317, 236, 326 ActionDest: 140 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 122, 301, 129, 313 ActionDest: 164 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 193, 365, 205 ActionDest: 167 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 127, 85, 139, 97 ActionDest: 167 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 399, 85, 406, 97 ActionDest: 146 Page: Sequence: 18 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 166, 699, 178, 711 ActionDest: 176 Page: Sequence: 19 Page: Sequence: 20 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 378, 333, 390 ActionDest: 82 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 353, 378, 367, 390 ActionDest: 97 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 365, 337, 377 ActionDest: 140 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 355, 240, 367, 249 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 333, 226, 345, 235 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 213, 230, 222 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 231, 213, 243, 222 ActionDest: 186 Page: Sequence: 21 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 320, 349, 330 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 355, 320, 391, 330 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 362, 293, 400, 304 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 470, 229, 507, 240 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 191, 137, 201 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 471, 164, 509, 175 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 444, 138, 482, 149 Page: Sequence: 22 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 409, 727, 446, 738 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 702, 258, 712 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 172, 663, 209, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 438, 637, 476, 648 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 252, 585, 290, 596 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 508, 375, 519 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 286, 482, 323, 493 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 329, 482, 365, 493 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 456, 377, 467 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 430, 428, 441 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 404, 318, 415 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 359, 379, 397, 390 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 354, 244, 364 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 267, 327, 304, 338 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 451, 301, 488, 312 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 480, 288, 516, 299 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 262, 229, 273 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 158, 199, 196, 209 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 134, 137, 144 Page: Sequence: 23 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 372, 727, 410, 738 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 376, 688, 413, 699 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 624, 439, 635 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 76, 557, 166, 588 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 234, 551, 424, 562 Checksum: 8cbb14bd Type: CRC32 Checksum: c2d59f6f43e6ad37f4e719a8d920ce1d Type: MD5 Checksum: 45553890bc9c0b54b860ffa97922ba821d9a7f2a Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 90a73a35a0d00013969d97a01919b6b2276f1ab7f444715c19f72262579cb89e Type: SHA-256