ae39475068d5cadcfa27ceb98009ce8f pmc_32455551.pdf e1e1478efccf6f370a5d9b8a3a7da0be56bb4ab4 pmc_32455551.pdf 7ce5838ba17d4b8012004bb145292e7e7954efaec550305de418a47e8c35e268 pmc_32455551.pdf Title: The Effect of Pre-Annealing on the Evolution of the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Aluminum Processed by a Novel SPD Method Subject: A novel continuous process of severe plastic deformation (SPD) named continuous close die forging (CCDF) is presented. The CCDF process combines all favorite advances of multidirectional forging and other SPD methods, and it can be easily scaled up for industrial use. Keeping constant both the cross section and the length of the sample, the new method promotes a refinement of the microstructure. The grain refinement and mechanical properties of commercially pure aluminum (AA1050) were studied as a function of the number of CCDF repetitive passes and the previous conditioning heat treatment. In particular, two different pre-annealing treatments were applied. The first one consisted of a reheating to 623 K (350 C) for 1 h aimed at eliminating the effect of the deformation applied during the bar extrusion. The second pre-annealing consisted on a reheating to 903 K (630 C) for 48 h plus cooling down to 573 K (300 C) at 66 K/h. At this latter temperature, the material remained for 3 h prior to a final cooling to room temperature within the furnace, i.e., slow cooling rate. This treatment aimed at increasing the elongation and formability of the material. No visible cracking was detected in the workpiece of AA1050 processed up to 16 passes at room temperature after the first conditioning heat treatment, and 24 passes were able to be applied when the material was subjected to the second heat treatment. After processing through 16 passes for the low temperature pre-annealed samples, the microstructure was refined down to a mean grain size of 0.82 m and the grain size was further reduced to 0.72 m after 24 passes, applied after the high temperature heat treatment. Tensile tests showed the best mechanical properties after the high temperature pre-annealing and 24 passes of the novel CCDF method. A yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of 180 and 226 MPa, respectively, were obtained. Elongation to fracture was 18%. The microstructure and grain boundary nature are discussed in relation to the mechanical properties attained by the current ultrafine-grained (UFG) AA1050 processed by this new method. Keywords: CCDF; UFG; EBSD; mechanical properties; pre-annealing; aluminum Author: Alexander P. Zhilyaev, Mario J. Torres, Homero D. Cadena, Sandra L. Rodriguez, Jessica Calvo and José-María Cabrera Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Thu May 21 09:44:52 2020 CEST ModDate: Thu May 21 09:44:52 2020 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 12027766 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- VMBCNV+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 59 0 OOELIO+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 60 0 LZDGTK+Rpxb Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 61 0 YSPQJI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 62 0 LAHYUW+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 63 0 JKYTYF+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 64 0 NKXSHX+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 65 0 SDNVUI+Pxsy Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 66 0 RHFKGB+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin 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ANPDLM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 464 0 ANPEAM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 465 0 ANPEBO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 466 0 ANPEJM+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 467 0 ANPNCJ+Symbol Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 510 0 ANPNDL+ArialNarrow TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 511 0 ANPNFL+Arial CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 512 0 ANPDLM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 513 0 ANPEAM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 514 0 ANPEBO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 515 0 ANPEJM+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 516 0 ANPDLM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 550 0 ANPEAM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 551 0 ANPEBO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 552 0 ANPEJM+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 553 0 VSHNAE+Rpcxr Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 606 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 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