1603f5453be6537cdf7917e6c14a2029 pmc_32486429.pdf bbe7cecb7b191d852461fbbd8deeb0e596a09b89 pmc_32486429.pdf c923d586d6779d2180bdf4c077ea0161e4a37026dfaacd348abc804c51701522 pmc_32486429.pdf Title: Lack of Porcine circovirus 4 Genome Detection in Pig Samples from Italy and Spain Subject: The genus Circovirus includes several species and mostly causes asymptomatic infections. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) and, with increasing evidence, Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3), have been associated with different clinical conditions all over the world. In 2019, a new porcine circovirus (PCV-4) was identified from diseased animals in China. Because of the lessons learned from PCV-2 and PCV-3, it appears mandatory to investigate the actual distribution of this new virus and its potential association with clinical outcomes. To this purpose, an exploratory study to detect PCV-4 by molecular methods was performed in Italy and Spain by testing more than 300 samples of different types (serum and tissues), collected from both healthy and diseased pigs and wild boar as well. All samples, independently from the country, type, health status and host, tested PCV-4 negative. Therefore, no evidence of PCV-4 presence was found in Italy and Spain through this exploratory study. Considering the dense pig trade among European countries, its presence in the continent can similarly be considered unlikely. The reasons behind the restricted PCV-4 distribution compared to other porcine circoviruses will require further investigations. Careful surveillance might nevertheless be important since prompt recognition of PCV-4 would allow the implementation of effective countermeasures to prevent its spreading and potential economic losses. Keywords: PCV-4; Italy; Spain; molecular epidemiology; absence Author: Giovanni Franzo, Albert Ruiz, Laura Grassi, Marina Sibila, Michele Drigo and Joaquim Segalés Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Sun May 31 11:31:01 2020 CEST ModDate: Sun May 31 11:31:01 2020 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 6 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 233741 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- AHSLIB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 53 0 MPHDSC+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 54 0 WKVXVO+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 55 0 BTFGED+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 56 0 HQDFTF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 57 0 DRZUJM+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 58 0 FATHTC+Rpxr Type 1 Builtin 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