b2ad783273baf5495c37bbb07bc23096 pmc_34460662.pdf 23fbc3c33af38951fc70d8948b4ffb7b146c4db6 pmc_34460662.pdf 274a8bb0cfc4599003f8381f84d124be22a05e0b41a6a305435f79c22e913ee6 pmc_34460662.pdf Title: Polyp Segmentation with Fully Convolutional Deep Neural Networks—Extended Evaluation Study "2279 Subject: Analysis of colonoscopy images plays a significant role in early detection of colorectal cancer. Automated tissue segmentation can be useful for two of the most relevant clinical target applications—lesion detection and classification, thereby providing important means to make both processes more accurate and robust. To automate video colonoscopy analysis, computer vision and machine learning methods have been utilized and shown to enhance polyp detectability and segmentation objectivity. This paper describes a polyp segmentation algorithm, developed based on fully convolutional network models, that was originally developed for the Endoscopic Vision Gastrointestinal Image Analysis (GIANA) polyp segmentation challenges. The key contribution of the paper is an extended evaluation of the proposed architecture, by comparing it against established image segmentation benchmarks utilizing several metrics with cross-validation on the GIANA training dataset. Different experiments are described, including examination of various network configurations, values of design parameters, data augmentation approaches, and polyp characteristics. The reported results demonstrate the significance of the data augmentation, and careful selection of the method’s design parameters. The proposed method delivers state-of-the-art results with near real-time performance. The described solution was instrumental in securing the top spot for the polyp segmentation sub-challenge at the 2017 GIANA challenge and second place for the standard image resolution segmentation task at the 2018 GIANA challenge. Keywords: fully convolutional dilation neural networks; polyp segmentation; data augmentation; cross-validation; ablation tests Author: Yunbo Guo, Jorge Bernal and Bogdan J. 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