c1a37bef54f870d67ba4bc77e312b922 energies_a2021v14n3p536.pdf 2df6fccce4eda976c3251fb744fc63d80f26e26d energies_a2021v14n3p536.pdf 56b1f3edd6905a4ef59b3e645dba4e56c10ae846d15fcee322f99e313628b6e6 energies_a2021v14n3p536.pdf Title: A Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model for the Yielding of Gelled Waxy Crude Oil Subject: We explore some rheological aspects of the yielding of gelled waxy crude oil on the basis of a fractal model for the structural description of the waxy gel and Marrucci's model for the time evolution of the stress with mixed elastic and viscous effects. With some parameters of the model directly obtained from classic rheometry, and others by fitting the parameters to the experimental data of one shear-rate condition, the flow curves for another shear-rate condition are predicted. Both theoretical curves—the fitting and the predicted ones—share the basic features of the experimental ones. Comparison with results of Maxwell model shows that Marrucci's model used here leads to much better results, as it incorporates nonlinear viscoelasticity of waxy crude gels in the stress evolution equation. The strain dependence of the elastic modulus also plays a relevant role on the prediction of the model, suggesting a double-network contribution for very small strain values. Due to the inertia of rheometric device, the actual shear rate is often found to depart from the setting one, and modification of shear rate history can be necessary in model validation. Keywords: nonlinear viscoelasticity; rheological model; waxy crude oil; yielding; fractal gels Author: Mengran Sun, David Jou and Zhihui Wang Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Jan 27 09:33:20 2021 CET ModDate: Wed Jan 27 10:22:50 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 25 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1743144 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- HMVWCZ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 CBKOFM+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 EGQFGY+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 QDIDFO+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 27 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 45 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 49 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 53 0 NSJIVS+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 64 0 ZYMPHC+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 73 0 SOSTRQ+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 80 0 SYFPBV+CMMI10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 87 0 UJKYHY+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 98 0 XHAQEC+CMBSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 132 0 BCAXJU+PazoMath-BoldItalic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 140 0 YLPZSU+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 144 0 ZABVWA+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 198 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:56:15 CEST RepresentationInformation: energies_a2021v14n3p536.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:50:20 CEST Size: 1743144 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 543 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Theory Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Microscopic Description Destination: subsection.2.1 Children: Item: Title: Fractal Model of the Gel Destination: subsubsection.2.1.1 Item: Title: Microstructure Evolution and Characteristic Transition Points Destination: subsubsection.2.1.2 Item: Title: Estimation of the Yield Strain Destination: subsubsection.2.1.3 Item: Title: The Model Destination: subsection.2.2 Children: Item: Title: Mechanical Description: The Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model Destination: subsubsection.2.2.1 Item: Title: Kinetic Equation and Physical Interpretation of the Structure Parameter Lg Destination: subsubsection.2.2.2 Item: Title: Material Functions and Rheological Properties Destination: subsubsection.2.2.3 Item: Title: Materials and Experiments Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Materials Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Differential Scanning Calorimetry Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (SAOS) Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Viscosity-Temperature Relation Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Rheological Flow Curves Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Imposed Shear Rate History Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Summary of the Model Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Summary of the Parameters Destination: subsection.4.3 Children: Item: Title: Directly Obtained Parameters Destination: subsubsection.4.3.1 Item: Title: Indirectly Obtained Parameters Destination: subsubsection.4.3.2 Item: Title: Fitting and Predicted Results: Lg and Lg Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.5 Children: Item: Title: Double-Network vs. Single-Network Gel Destination: subsection.5.1 Item: Title: Effect of the Non-Constant Input Shear Rate History Destination: subsection.5.2 Item: Title: Marrucci Model vs. Maxwell Model Destination: subsection.5.3 Item: Title: Effect of Fractal Dimension Destination: subsection.5.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.6 Item: Title: Estimation of the Yield Strain with Analytical Geometry Destination: section.A. Item: Title: References Destination: equation.A..7 Info: Title: A Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model for the Yielding of Gelled Waxy Crude Oil Author: Mengran Sun, David Jou and Zhihui Wang Subject: We explore some rheological aspects of the yielding of gelled waxy crude oil on the basis of a fractal model for the structural description of the waxy gel and Marrucci's model for the time evolution of the stress with mixed elastic and viscous effects. With some parameters of the model directly obtained from classic rheometry, and others by fitting the parameters to the experimental data of one shear-rate condition, the flow curves for another shear-rate condition are predicted. Both theoretical curves the fitting and the predicted ones share the basic features of the experimental ones. Comparison with results of Maxwell model shows that Marrucci's model used here leads to much better results, as it incorporates nonlinear viscoelasticity of waxy crude gels in the stress evolution equation. The strain dependence of the elastic modulus also plays a relevant role on the prediction of the model, suggesting a double-network contribution for very small strain values. Due to the inertia of rheometric device, the actual shear rate is often found to depart from the setting one, and modification of shear rate history can be necessary in model validation. Keywords: nonlinear viscoelasticity; rheological model; waxy crude oil; yielding; fractal gels Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Jan 27 09:33:20 CET 2021 ModDate: Wed Jan 27 10:22:50 CET 2021 ID: 0x0a780c16bf17d53f1213fa1532f218cb, 0x0a780c16bf17d53f1213fa1532f218cb Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 546 ImageHeight: 465 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 551 ImageHeight: 467 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 496 ImageHeight: 321 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 498 ImageHeight: 321 ColorSpace: RGB 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