91b03345bb82655190435bcaa1b39043 agriculture-a2021v11n2p117.pdf 47d190f6cf0167e8b1babcf3dc566855833f62b1 agriculture-a2021v11n2p117.pdf c67688dc1a51934c6ff54be6aa2888db5f5f5fff0b4a1800a843a6401a6948a7 agriculture-a2021v11n2p117.pdf Title: Assessment of Guinea Grass Panicum maximum under Silvopastoral Systems in Combination with Two Management Systems in Orellana Province, Ecuador Subject: Climate change has increased the interannual and seasonal variation in the average temperature and precipitation rate, which determine forage availability globally. Similar patterns of change have occurred in tropical regions, and Ecuador is no exception. This region includes other influencing factors, such as the conversion of tropical forests to extensive pastures. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate guinea grass (Panicum maximum) cultivated under silvopastoral systems with different management strategies in both of the seasons of the study region in Ecuador (rainy season and dry season). A randomized complete block design was used for the experiment, with three repetitions and three treatments. Agronomic measures, forage production, chemical composition, animal responses, and soil properties were evaluated. Data were analyzed with the Mixed model of SAS. Differences in all evaluated parameters were observed between treatments, and silvopastoral systems (SPSs) produced better results than conventional grass monoculture. Furthermore, there was a strong seasonal effect on forage production, chemical composition, and soil properties. Therefore, management of Panicum maximum with well-planned grazing can enhance animal responses and help to retain natural resources, lowering the pressure on forests. Keywords: tropical climate; silvopastoral systems; Panicum maximum Author: Raúl Lorenzo González Marcillo, Walter Efraín Castro Guamàn, Angela Edith Guerrero Pincay, Plutarco Antonio Vera Zambrano, Nelson René Ortiz Naveda and Santiago Alexander Guamàn Rivera Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Wed Feb 3 13:13:07 2021 CET ModDate: Wed Feb 3 13:28:00 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2180702 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JUOLQL+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 DSBYDB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 EAQMWT+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 PUSBUI+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 KJRACR+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 DDRAXE+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 ELVRBN+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 70 0 XEYJZU+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 82 0 HQEJCW+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 119 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:55:54 CEST RepresentationInformation: agriculture-a2021v11n2p117.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:50:22 CEST Size: 2180702 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 401 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Area Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Description of Silvopastoral Systems Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Experimental Design and Treatments Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Measured Variables Destination: subsection.2.4 Children: Item: Title: Agronomic Measurements and Forage Production Destination: subsubsection.2.4.1 Item: Title: Chemical Composition Destination: subsubsection.2.4.2 Item: Title: Stocking Rate, Herbage Allowance, and Animal Responses Destination: subsubsection.2.4.3 Item: Title: Soil Macrofauna, Physical and Chemical Properties Destination: subsubsection.2.4.4 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsubsection.2.4.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Agronomic Measurements and Forage Production Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Chemical Composition Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Stocking Rate, Herbage Allowance, and Animal Responses Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Soil Macrofauna, Physical and Chemical Properties Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Agronomic Measurements and Forage Production Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Chemical Composition Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Stocking Rate, Herbage Allowance, and Animal Responses Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Soil Macrofauna, Physical and Chemical Properties Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Assessment of Guinea Grass Panicum maximum under Silvopastoral Systems in Combination with Two Management Systems in Orellana Province, Ecuador Author: Raúl Lorenzo González Marcillo, Walter Efraín Castro Guamàn, Angela Edith Guerrero Pincay, Plutarco Antonio Vera Zambrano, Nelson René Ortiz Naveda and Santiago Alexander Guamàn Rivera Subject: Climate change has increased the interannual and seasonal variation in the average temperature and precipitation rate, which determine forage availability globally. Similar patterns of change have occurred in tropical regions, and Ecuador is no exception. This region includes other influencing factors, such as the conversion of tropical forests to extensive pastures. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate guinea grass (Panicum maximum) cultivated under silvopastoral systems with different management strategies in both of the seasons of the study region in Ecuador (rainy season and dry season). A randomized complete block design was used for the experiment, with three repetitions and three treatments. Agronomic measures, forage production, chemical composition, animal responses, and soil properties were evaluated. Data were analyzed with the Mixed model of SAS. Differences in all evaluated parameters were observed between treatments, and silvopastoral systems (SPSs) produced better results than conventional grass monoculture. Furthermore, there was a strong seasonal effect on forage production, chemical composition, and soil properties. Therefore, management of Panicum maximum with well-planned grazing can enhance animal responses and help to retain natural resources, lowering the pressure on forests. 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