b7ed25731d2e7482cea10cfff03d5b20 brasci_a2021v11n2p168.pdf 0e843155726f5714a4451ce54a18c9a67e6f00c2 brasci_a2021v11n2p168.pdf 5bb852d63cd031329a57a2083648040eeb914ef145376fcf406db13383ab4f52 brasci_a2021v11n2p168.pdf Title: Do Pregnancy-Induced Brain Changes Reverse? The Brain of a Mother Six Years after Parturition Subject: Neuroimaging researchers commonly assume that the brain of a mother is comparable to that of a nulliparous woman. However, pregnancy leads to pronounced gray matter volume reductions in the mother’s brain, which have been associated with maternal attachment towards the baby. Beyond two years postpartum, no study has explored whether these brain changes are maintained or instead return to pre-pregnancy levels. The present study tested whether gray matter volume reductions detected in primiparous women are still present six years after parturition. Using data from a unique, prospective neuroimaging study, we compared the gray matter volume of 25 primiparous and 22 nulliparous women across three sessions: before conception (n = 25/22), during the first months of postpartum (n = 25/21), and at six years after parturition (n = 7/5). We found that most of the pregnancy-induced gray matter volume reductions persist six years after parturition (classifying women as having been pregnant or not with 91.67% of total accuracy). We also found that brain changes at six years postpartum are associated with measures of mother-to-infant attachment. These findings open the possibility that pregnancy-induced brain changes are permanent and encourage neuroimaging studies to routinely include pregnancy-related information as a relevant demographic variable. Keywords: pregnancy; maternal brain; magnetic resonance imaging; neuroplasticity; postpartum Author: Magdalena Martínez-García, María Paternina-Die, Erika Barba-Müller, Daniel Martín de Blas, Laura Beumala, Romina Cortizo, Cristina Pozzobon, Luis Marcos-Vidal, Alberto Fernández-Pena, Marisol Picado, Elena Belmonte-Padilla, Anna Massó-Rodriguez, Agustin Ballesteros, Manuel Desco, Óscar Vilarroya, Elseline Hoekzema and Susanna Carmona Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Jan 28 11:41:02 2021 CET ModDate: Thu Jan 28 11:45:57 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1729735 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- TOZXSU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 WRKDWS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 SKHLKG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 IEVNPP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 OKMZCJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 SLUQMQ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 XEYJZU+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 ONBHGB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 97 0 ONBHGD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 100 0 ONBHHF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 103 0 ONBHGB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 111 0 ONBHGC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 114 0 ONBHGD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 120 0 ONBHHF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 123 0 ONBHGB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 134 0 ONBHGC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 137 0 ONBHGD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 143 0 ONBHHF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 146 0 ONBHGB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 157 0 ONBHGD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 160 0 ONBHHF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 163 0 ONBHGB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 173 0 ONBHGD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 176 0 ONBHHF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 179 0 LTRRAV+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 196 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:55:50 CEST RepresentationInformation: brasci_a2021v11n2p168.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:50:23 CEST Size: 1729735 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 413 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Participants Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: MRI Data Acquisition Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Image Processing Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.4 Children: Item: Title: Region of Interest Analyses Destination: subsubsection.2.4.1 Item: Title: Whole-Brain Analyses Destination: subsubsection.2.4.2 Item: Title: Pattern Recognition Analyses Destination: subsubsection.2.4.3 Item: Title: Positive Predictive Value (PPV) Destination: subsubsection.2.4.4 Item: Title: Supplementary Analyses Destination: subsubsection.2.4.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Region of Interest Analyses Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Whole-Brain Analyses Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Pattern Recognition Analyses Destination: subsection.3.3 Children: Item: Title: Classification Destination: subsubsection.3.3.1 Item: Title: Regression Destination: subsubsection.3.3.2 Item: Title: Positive Predictive Value (PPV) Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Do Pregnancy-Induced Brain Changes Reverse? The Brain of a Mother Six Years after Parturition Author: Magdalena Martínez-García, María Paternina-Die, Erika Barba-Müller, Daniel Martín de Blas, Laura Beumala, Romina Cortizo, Cristina Pozzobon, Luis Marcos-Vidal, Alberto Fernández-Pena, Marisol Picado, Elena Belmonte-Padilla, Anna Massó-Rodriguez, Agustin Ballesteros, Manuel Desco, Óscar Vilarroya, Elseline Hoekzema and Susanna Carmona Subject: Neuroimaging researchers commonly assume that the brain of a mother is comparable to that of a nulliparous woman. However, pregnancy leads to pronounced gray matter volume reductions in the mother’s brain, which have been associated with maternal attachment towards the baby. Beyond two years postpartum, no study has explored whether these brain changes are maintained or instead return to pre-pregnancy levels. The present study tested whether gray matter volume reductions detected in primiparous women are still present six years after parturition. Using data from a unique, prospective neuroimaging study, we compared the gray matter volume of 25 primiparous and 22 nulliparous women across three sessions: before conception (n = 25/22), during the first months of postpartum (n = 25/21), and at six years after parturition (n = 7/5). We found that most of the pregnancy-induced gray matter volume reductions persist six years after parturition (classifying women as having been pregnant or not with 91.67% of total accuracy). We also found that brain changes at six years postpartum are associated with measures of mother-to-infant attachment. These findings open the possibility that pregnancy-induced brain changes are permanent and encourage neuroimaging studies to routinely include pregnancy-related information as a relevant demographic variable. 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