994523bc57def31c04134acd931a5db4 drones_a2021v5n1p10.pdf 2909512405ee182cfabc349af3bc6f5ad15b3b7f drones_a2021v5n1p10.pdf 275f99e945e9e2d1061ea3a09e3f6104544d468889f68596b0c1f4bc73373a5c drones_a2021v5n1p10.pdf Title: StratoTrans: Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) 4G Communication Framework Applied on the Monitoring of Road Traffic and Linear Infrastructure Subject: This study provides an operational solution to directly connect drones to internet by means of 4G telecommunications and exploit drone acquired data, including telemetry and imagery but focusing on video transmission. The novelty of this work is the application of 4G connection to link the drone directly to a data server where video (in this case to monitor road traffic) and imagery (in the case of linear infrastructures) are processed. However, this framework is appliable to any other monitoring purpose where the goal is to send real-time video or imagery to the headquarters where the drone data is processed, analyzed, and exploited. We describe a general framework and analyze some key points, such as the hardware to use, the data stream, and the network coverage, but also the complete resulting implementation of the applied unmanned aerial system (UAS) communication system through a Virtual Private Network (VPN) featuring a long-range telemetry high-capacity video link (up to 15 Mbps, 720 p video at 30 fps with 250 ms of latency). The application results in the real-time exploitation of the video, obtaining key information for traffic managers such as vehicle tracking, vehicle classification, speed estimation, and roundabout in-out matrices. The imagery downloads and storage is also performed thorough internet, although the Structure from Motion postprocessing is not real-time due to photogrammetric workflows. In conclusion, we describe a real-case application of drone connection to internet thorough 4G network, but it can be adapted to other applications. Although 5G will -in time- surpass 4G capacities, the described framework can enhance drone performance and facilitate paths for upgrading the connection of on-board devices to the 5G network. Keywords: UAS; drones; traffic monitoring; 4G/LTE; VPN; real-time video; computer vision Author: Robert Guirado, Joan-Cristian Padró, Albert Zoroa, José Olivert, Anica Bukva and Pedro Cavestany Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Thu Jan 28 10:17:32 2021 CET ModDate: Thu Jan 28 10:27:43 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4349364 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- DVYOBE+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 ZCJBCX+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 SDEPLW+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 HJOMHV+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 UYBGVU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 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no 264 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 268 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 272 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 276 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 283 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 302 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 306 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 310 0 Arial TrueType WinAnsi no no no 314 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 326 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 330 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 334 0 Arial TrueType WinAnsi no no no 338 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:55:27 CEST RepresentationInformation: drones_a2021v5n1p10.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:50:26 CEST Size: 4349364 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 503 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Methodological Framework for UAS 4G Communications Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Hardware, Software, and Methodology under Use Case Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Telecommunications Analysis and Applied Results Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Traffic Monitoring Applied Results Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Linear Infrastructure Monitoring Applied Results Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.4 Info: Title: StratoTrans: Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) 4G Communication Framework Applied on the Monitoring of Road Traffic and Linear Infrastructure Author: Robert Guirado, Joan-Cristian Padró, Albert Zoroa, José Olivert, Anica Bukva and Pedro Cavestany Subject: This study provides an operational solution to directly connect drones to internet by means of 4G telecommunications and exploit drone acquired data, including telemetry and imagery but focusing on video transmission. The novelty of this work is the application of 4G connection to link the drone directly to a data server where video (in this case to monitor road traffic) and imagery (in the case of linear infrastructures) are processed. However, this framework is appliable to any other monitoring purpose where the goal is to send real-time video or imagery to the headquarters where the drone data is processed, analyzed, and exploited. We describe a general framework and analyze some key points, such as the hardware to use, the data stream, and the network coverage, but also the complete resulting implementation of the applied unmanned aerial system (UAS) communication system through a Virtual Private Network (VPN) featuring a long-range telemetry high-capacity video link (up to 15 Mbps, 720 p video at 30 fps with 250 ms of latency). The application results in the real-time exploitation of the video, obtaining key information for traffic managers such as vehicle tracking, vehicle classification, speed estimation, and roundabout in-out matrices. The imagery downloads and storage is also performed thorough internet, although the Structure from Motion postprocessing is not real-time due to photogrammetric workflows. In conclusion, we describe a real-case application of drone connection to internet thorough 4G network, but it can be adapted to other applications. Although 5G will -in time- surpass 4G capacities, the described framework can enhance drone performance and facilitate paths for upgrading the connection of on-board devices to the 5G network. 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