e425e73d3a122c605efc9a3b9ac2ca07 antibiotics_a2021v10n3p313.pdf ee1bc123b7c5eda0f41eb2795c67ff3ac30b924c antibiotics_a2021v10n3p313.pdf 2fab964ab255775dd0b47690f941aff6c9362ba8fa19042bbe52c3180e57c0bd antibiotics_a2021v10n3p313.pdf Title: Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different Escherichia coli Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer Subject: Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (n = 57), calves (n = 152), and the farmer (n = 1) were collected from a farm where E. coli harboring mcr-1–mcr-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and mcr-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of mcr-1, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained mcr-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded mcr-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different E. coli lineages. Transmission of mcr-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from E. coli of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including stx2 for Shiga toxin E. coli (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential. Keywords: Escherichia coli; colistin; mcr; plasmids; MinION nanopore; hybrid sequencing; livestock Author: Joaquim Viñes, Anna Cuscó, Sebastian Napp, Julio Alvarez, Jose Luis Saez-Llorente, Montserrat Rosàs-Rodoreda, Olga Francino and Lourdes Migura-Garcia Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Mar 19 10:59:34 2021 CET ModDate: Fri Mar 19 11:02:55 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4061708 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- BFTPJC+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 VPBZJR+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 NUVYUO+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 YDCPFF+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 VNPUFU+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 CVSFSJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 YYFPCJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 41 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 63 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 67 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 71 0 WVIODX+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 83 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 109 0 CAMXTK+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 145 0 WABLSD+SFRM1000 Type 1 Custom yes yes no 152 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:52:59 CEST RepresentationInformation: antibiotics_a2021v10n3p313.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:50:44 CEST Size: 4061708 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 367 FreeObjects: 11 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Antibiotic Resistance Genes Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Genetic Context of mcr-1 Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Virulence Factors Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Study Design Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Whole Genome Sequencing and Data Analysis Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different Escherichia coli Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer Author: Joaquim Viñes, Anna Cuscó, Sebastian Napp, Julio Alvarez, Jose Luis Saez-Llorente, Montserrat Rosàs-Rodoreda, Olga Francino and Lourdes Migura-Garcia Subject: Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (n = 57), calves (n = 152), and the farmer (n = 1) were collected from a farm where E. coli harboring mcr-1 mcr-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and mcr-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of mcr-1, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained mcr-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded mcr-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different E. coli lineages. Transmission of mcr-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from E. coli of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including stx2 for Shiga toxin E. coli (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential. 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