2dad8c32add3494d5b81633227a35a4e electronics_a2021v10n7p776.pdf cd6cc060b1256a57264b8d1ea8bf4ef67345a8ba electronics_a2021v10n7p776.pdf d29fe6f5b4875ab18a1bfc201f177e9359edfdec59fafc8c7f397c2453b1417b electronics_a2021v10n7p776.pdf Title: Accurate and Efficient Evaluation of Bit Error Rate for Dynamic Directional Modulation for Standard Modulation Schemes Subject: Directional modulation (DM) has been proposed as a technique to enhance physical layer security of wireless transmissions. In DM, the improvement of security is achieved by increasing the transmitted power in such a way that the bit error rate (BER) is degraded in the observation angles out of the desired secure direction. The performance of DM in terms of BER is typically evaluated by transmitting a stream of symbols for every observation angle, but this approach can be time consuming. In this communication, we propose an approach to evaluate, accurately and efficiently, the BER of dynamic DM (DDM) for standard modulation schemes. Several DDM configurations will be tested to illustrate the benefits and limitations of the evaluation method. The proposed approach is also used to present a non-iterative DDM synthesis with restrictions in the BER response. Keywords: directional modulation; phased arrays; bit error rate; secure communication Author: Josep Parrón, Edith Cabrera-Hernandez and Alan Tennant Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Mar 25 11:02:32 2021 CET ModDate: Thu Mar 25 11:11:20 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 984678 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JIBLWZ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 BRMRBU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 WAVKIJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 GKSXYT+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 27 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 49 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 53 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 57 0 IPRUUC+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 72 0 GIGFZE+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 76 0 NHIDDM+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 80 0 IKXQUG+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 84 0 HLZRFJ+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 96 0 QIELJB+CMMI10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 115 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:52:33 CEST RepresentationInformation: electronics_a2021v10n7p776.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:50:49 CEST Size: 984678 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 370 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Children: Item: Title: Related Work Destination: subsection.1.1 Item: Title: Our Contributions Destination: subsection.1.2 Item: Title: Orthogonal Vector Approach for Dynamic Directional Modulation Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Derivation of Average SNR for Dynamic Directional Modulation Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Evaluation of BER for Dynamic Directional Modulation Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Zero Mean Artificial Gaussian Noise: Results and Discussion Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Zero Mean Artificial Non-Gaussian Noise: Results and Discussion Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Non-Iterative BER-Driven DDM Synthesis Destination: section.5 Children: Item: Title: General Procedure Destination: subsection.5.1 Item: Title: Results: Synthesis Example Destination: subsection.5.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: subsection.5.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.6 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Accurate and Efficient Evaluation of Bit Error Rate for Dynamic Directional Modulation for Standard Modulation Schemes Author: Josep Parrón, Edith Cabrera-Hernandez and Alan Tennant Subject: Directional modulation (DM) has been proposed as a technique to enhance physical layer security of wireless transmissions. In DM, the improvement of security is achieved by increasing the transmitted power in such a way that the bit error rate (BER) is degraded in the observation angles out of the desired secure direction. The performance of DM in terms of BER is typically evaluated by transmitting a stream of symbols for every observation angle, but this approach can be time consuming. In this communication, we propose an approach to evaluate, accurately and efficiently, the BER of dynamic DM (DDM) for standard modulation schemes. Several DDM configurations will be tested to illustrate the benefits and limitations of the evaluation method. The proposed approach is also used to present a non-iterative DDM synthesis with restrictions in the BER response. Keywords: directional modulation; phased arrays; bit error rate; secure communication Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Mar 25 11:02:32 CET 2021 ModDate: Thu Mar 25 11:11:20 CET 2021 ID: 0x0c49a92c33b7a54151c3322ea617a72a, 0x0c49a92c33b7a54151c3322ea617a72a Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 506 ImageHeight: 437 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 840 ImageHeight: 630 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 840 ImageHeight: 630 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 840 ImageHeight: 630 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: 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