0a0467a083bf8fbd196aa03ddc9424a0 land_a2021v10n2p144.pdf 0de0fc02b6204ea127f9aa64a82e952068e81220 land_a2021v10n2p144.pdf c1711e05b39328ec6941e2e20431484efba789f54c631e82ec6aac65e4f30e8f land_a2021v10n2p144.pdf Title: Impacts of Use and Abuse of Nature in Catalonia with Proposals for Sustainable Management Subject: This paper provides an overview of the last 40 years of use, and in many cases abuse, of the natural resources in Catalonia, a country that is representative of European countries in general, and especially those in the Mediterranean region. It analyses the use of natural resources made by mining, agriculture, livestock, logging, fishing, nature tourism, and energy production and consumption. This use results in an ecological footprint, i.e., the productive land and sea surface required to generate the consumed resources and absorb the resulting waste, which is about seven times the amount available, a very high number but very similar to other European countries. This overexploitation of natural resources has a huge impact on land and its different forms of cover, air, and water. For the last 25 years, forests and urban areas have each gained almost 3% more of the territory at the expense of agricultural land; those municipalities bordering the sea have increased their number of inhabitants and activity, and although they only occupy 6.7% of the total surface area, they account for 43.3% of the population; air quality has stabilized since the turn of the century, and there has been some improvement in the state of aquatic ecosystems, but still only 36% are in good condition, while the remainder have suffered morphological changes and different forms of nonpoint source pollution; meanwhile the biodiversity of flora and fauna remains still under threat. Environmental policies do not go far enough so there is a need for revision of the legislation related to environmental impact and the protection of natural areas, flora, and fauna. The promotion of environmental research must be accompanied by environmental education to foster a society which is more knowledgeable, has more control and influence over the decisions that deeply affect it. Indeed, nature conservation goes hand in hand with other social and economic challenges that require a more sustainable vision. Today’s problems with nature derive from the current economic model, which is environmentally unsustainable in that it does not take into account environmental impacts. Lastly, we propose a series of reasonable and feasible priority measures and actions related to each use made of the country’s natural resources, to the impacts they have had, and to their management, in the hope that these can contribute to improving the conservation and management of the environment and biodiversity and move towards sustainability. Keywords: natural resources; ecological footprint; overexploitation; Catalonia; European countries; environmental research; education and policies; sustainability Author: Josep Peñuelas, Josep Germain, Enrique Álvarez, Enric Aparicio, Pere Arús, Corina Basnou, Cèsar Blanché, Núria Bonada, Puri Canals, Marco Capodiferro, Xavier Carceller, Alexandre Casademunt, Joan Casals, Pere Casals, Francesc Casañas, Jordi Catalán, Joan Checa, Pedro J. Cordero, Joaquim Corominas, Adolf de Sostoa, Josep Maria Espelta Morral, Marta Estrada, Ramon Folch, Teresa Franquesa, Carla Garcia-Lozano, Mercè Garí, Anna Maria Geli, Óscar González-Guerrero, Javier Gordillo, Joaquim Gosálbez, Joan O. Grimalt, Anna Guàrdia, Rosó Isern, Jordi Jordana, Eva Junqué, Josep Lascurain, Jordi Lleonart, Gustavo A. Llorente, Francisco Lloret, Josep Lloret, Josep Maria Mallarach, Javier Martín-Vide, Rosa Maria Medir, Yolanda Melero, Josep Montasell, Albert Montori, Antoni Munné, Oriol Nel·lo, Santiago Palazón, Marina Palmero, Margarita Parés, Joan Pino, Josep Pintó, Llorenç Planagumà, Xavier Pons, Narcís Prat, Carme Puig, Ignasi Puig, Pere Puigdomènech, Eudald Pujol-Buxó, Núria Roca, Jofre Rodrigo, José Domingo Rodríguez-Teijeiro, Francesc Xavier Roig-Munar, Joan Romanyà, Pere Rovira, Llorenç Sàez, Maria Teresa Sauras-Yera, David Serrat, Joan Simó, Jordi Soler, Jaume Terradas, Ramon Vallejo, Paloma Vicente, Joan Manuel Vilaplana and Dolors Vinyoles Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Feb 2 11:44:27 2021 CET ModDate: Wed Feb 3 02:11:38 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 53 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2987546 bytes Optimized: no 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no 395 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:45:26 CEST RepresentationInformation: land_a2021v10n2p144.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:57:36 CEST Size: 2987546 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 684 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Methods Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Use of Natural Resources Destination: subsection.3.1 Children: Item: Title: Extractive Activities Destination: subsubsection.3.1.1 Item: Title: Effects on Soils Destination: subsubsection.3.1.2 Item: Title: Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Destination: subsubsection.3.1.3 Item: Title: Forest Management Destination: subsubsection.3.1.4 Item: Title: Fishing and Aquaculture Destination: subsubsection.3.1.5 Item: Title: Nature Tourism Destination: subsubsection.3.1.6 Item: Title: Energy Consumption Destination: subsubsection.3.1.7 Item: Title: Ecological Footprint Destination: subsubsection.3.1.8 Item: Title: Impacts of the Natural Environment Destination: subsection.3.2 Children: Item: Title: Territory Destination: subsubsection.3.2.1 Item: Title: Air Destination: subsubsection.3.2.2 Item: Title: Water Destination: subsubsection.3.2.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Nature Management Destination: subsection.4.1 Children: Item: Title: Economics and Taxation Destination: subsubsection.4.1.1 Item: Title: Environmental Policy Destination: subsubsection.4.1.2 Item: Title: Legislation and Protection of Nature and Biodiversity Destination: subsubsection.4.1.3 Item: Title: Research Destination: subsubsection.4.1.4 Item: Title: Schools and Universities Destination: subsubsection.4.1.5 Item: Title: Environmental Education Destination: subsubsection.4.1.6 Item: Title: Companies Destination: subsubsection.4.1.7 Item: Title: Non-Governmental Organizations and Associations Destination: subsubsection.4.1.8 Item: Title: Priority Actions Destination: subsection.4.2 Children: Item: Title: Use of Natural Resources Destination: subsubsection.4.2.1 Item: Title: Impacts on the Natural Environment Destination: subsubsection.4.2.2 Item: Title: Nature Management Destination: subsubsection.4.2.3 Item: Title: Education, Training and Research Destination: subsubsection.4.2.4 Item: Title: Social Framework Destination: subsubsection.4.2.5 Item: Title: Final Remarks and Relevance Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Impacts of Use and Abuse of Nature in Catalonia with Proposals for Sustainable Management Author: Josep Peñuelas, Josep Germain, Enrique Álvarez, Enric Aparicio, Pere Arús, Corina Basnou, Cèsar Blanché, Núria Bonada, Puri Canals, Marco Capodiferro, Xavier Carceller, Alexandre Casademunt, Joan Casals, Pere Casals, Francesc Casañas, Jordi Catalán, Joan Checa, Pedro J. Cordero, Joaquim Corominas, Adolf de Sostoa, Josep Maria Espelta Morral, Marta Estrada, Ramon Folch, Teresa Franquesa, Carla Garcia-Lozano, Mercè Garí, Anna Maria Geli, Óscar González-Guerrero, Javier Gordillo, Joaquim Gosálbez, Joan O. Grimalt, Anna Guàrdia, Rosó Isern, Jordi Jordana, Eva Junqué, Josep Lascurain, Jordi Lleonart, Gustavo A. Llorente, Francisco Lloret, Josep Lloret, Josep Maria Mallarach, Javier Martín-Vide, Rosa Maria Medir, Yolanda Melero, Josep Montasell, Albert Montori, Antoni Munné, Oriol Nel·lo, Santiago Palazón, Marina Palmero, Margarita Parés, Joan Pino, Josep Pintó, Llorenç Planagumà, Xavier Pons, Narcís Prat, Carme Puig, Ignasi Puig, Pere Puigdomènech, Eudald Pujol-Buxó, Núria Roca, Jofre Rodrigo, José Domingo Rodríguez-Teijeiro, Francesc Xavier Roig-Munar, Joan Romanyà, Pere Rovira, Llorenç Sàez, Maria Teresa Sauras-Yera, David Serrat, Joan Simó, Jordi Soler, Jaume Terradas, Ramon Vallejo, Paloma Vicente, Joan Manuel Vilaplana and Dolors Vinyoles Subject: This paper provides an overview of the last 40 years of use, and in many cases abuse, of the natural resources in Catalonia, a country that is representative of European countries in general, and especially those in the Mediterranean region. It analyses the use of natural resources made by mining, agriculture, livestock, logging, fishing, nature tourism, and energy production and consumption. This use results in an ecological footprint, i.e., the productive land and sea surface required to generate the consumed resources and absorb the resulting waste, which is about seven times the amount available, a very high number but very similar to other European countries. This overexploitation of natural resources has a huge impact on land and its different forms of cover, air, and water. For the last 25 years, forests and urban areas have each gained almost 3% more of the territory at the expense of agricultural land; those municipalities bordering the sea have increased their number of inhabitants and activity, and although they only occupy 6.7% of the total surface area, they account for 43.3% of the population; air quality has stabilized since the turn of the century, and there has been some improvement in the state of aquatic ecosystems, but still only 36% are in good condition, while the remainder have suffered morphological changes and different forms of nonpoint source pollution; meanwhile the biodiversity of flora and fauna remains still under threat. Environmental policies do not go far enough so there is a need for revision of the legislation related to environmental impact and the protection of natural areas, flora, and fauna. The promotion of environmental research must be accompanied by environmental education to foster a society which is more knowledgeable, has more control and influence over the decisions that deeply affect it. Indeed, nature conservation goes hand in hand with other social and economic challenges that require a more sustainable vision. Today’s problems with nature derive from the current economic model, which is environmentally unsustainable in that it does not take into account environmental impacts. Lastly, we propose a series of reasonable and feasible priority measures and actions related to each use made of the country’s natural resources, to the impacts they have had, and to their management, in the hope that these can contribute to improving the conservation and management of the environment and biodiversity and move towards sustainability. 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